Introduction xiii

Part One: Working with Windows 1

Chapter 1 Visual Basics 3

Visual Basic Coordinate Systems 3

Graphic Container Controls 13

Scrolled Windows 27

When to Draw 30

Controlling Controls 34

Graphical Controls 47

Color 49

Summary 54

Chapter 2 Using the API 55

The Genie 55

Using the API 56

Useful API Functions 65

Summary 80

Chapter 3 Advanced Color 81

Color Models 81

Bitmaps 84

Color Palettes 91

Summary 111

Chapter 4 Advanced Text 113

Multiple Colors and Fonts 114

Text Metrics 117

CreateFont Function 119

Editable Text 134

Summary 139

Chapter 5 Printing 141

Printer Objects 141

Selecting a Printer 142

Printer Properties 144

Printer Control Methods 146

The PrintForm Method 146

High-Resolution Printing 147

Printing Text 148

Print Preview 150

Multipage Print Preview 152

Printer Scale Properties 156

Scaling Objects to Fit 158

High Resolution PrintForm 160

Summary 162

Part Two: Image Processing 163

Chapter 6 Point Processes 165

Obtaining Images 165

Programming Tools 166

Point Processes 171

Multiple Image Processing 185

Summary 190

Chapter 7 Area Processes 191

Spatial Filtering 191

Rank Filters 203

Geometric Transformations 204

Summary 222

Part Three: Animation 223

Chapter 8 Bitmap Animation 225

Animation Basics 225

Drawing Animation 236

Summary 244

Chapter 9 Advanced Animation 245

Controlling Animation 245

Tweening and Morphing 253

Specialized Animation 262

Summary 277

Part Four: Two-Dimensional Graphics 279

Chapter 10 Fractals and Tilings 281

Fractals 281

Tilings 318

Summary 321

Chapter 11 Drawing Curves 323

Lines and Circles 323

Parametric Curves 324

Curve Fitting 330

Polynomial Curve Fitting 331

Parametric Curve Fitting 344

Summary 361

Chapter 12 Two-Dimensional Transformations 363

Modeling Two-Dimensional Objects 363

Windows and Viewports 369

Two-Dimensional Transformations 384

Display Data Structure 408

Summary 416

Part Five: Three-Dimensional Graphics 417

Chapter 13 Three-Dimensional Transformations 419

Simple Transformations 419

Inverse Transformations 429

Projections 429

Perspective Viewing 442

Composing Transformations 446

Three-Dimensional Objects 461

Summary 464

Chapter 14 Surfaces 465

Simple Surfaces 465

Parametric Surfaces 498

Surfaces of Transformation 514

Summary 530

Chapter 15 Hidden Surface Removal 531

Backface Removal 531

Depth-Sort 539

Summary 559

Chapter 16 Shading Models 561

The Physics of Lighting 561

Diffuse Reflection 562

Ambient Light 566

Distance 567

Specular Reflection 570

Smooth Shading 576

Summary 583

Chapter 17 Ray Tracing 585

A Brief Warning 587

Ray-Tracing Basics 587

Ray Tracing in Visual Basic 589

Bounding Volumes 598

Scanline Culling 599

Other Objects 601

Recursive Ray Tracing 622

Adaptive Depth Control 636

Texture Mapping 637

Summary 641

Part Six Beyond Three Dimensions 643

Chapter 18 Higher-Dimensional Transformations 645

Temporal Projection 645

Spatial Projection 647

Four-Dimensional Transformations 647

Summary 661

Chapter 19 Mathematical Tools 663

Vectors and Matrices 663

Transformation Matrices 670

Distances 675

Platonic Solids 678

Summary 692

Index 693