1. Conflict and change in world politics; Industrial expansion in nineteenth-century Europe: a critique of the Polanyian view; Conflict and change: a class approach; The Great Transformation, revisited; Part I. Social Forces, Industrial Expansion, and Conflict in Europe's Nineteenth-Century Market System: 2. The first transformation: social forces in the rise of Europe's nineteenth-century market system; The aristocratic - 'absolutist' conflict; National political revolutions and the struggle for the state; The new balance of social power and the new European order; Class conflict, revolution, and war; [...]ope's nineteenth-century industrial expansion: a 'bottom up' perspective; The dual economy; Domestic markets; The circuit of capital; [...]ope's century of war, 1815-1914; Conflict and dualistic industrial expansion; Labor, enfranchisement, and ethnic struggles; Imperialist conflicts; 5. World War I and the post-war retrenchment; Imperialism and war in Europe; The post-war retrenchment; Labor, democracy, and minorities between the wars; Imperialism in the interwar years; Part II. The Interregnum: 6. The polarization of European society, 1918-39; Prelude: challenge and response, threat and compromise before World War I; Post-war revolutionary currents and the Fascist reaction; The polarization of European society; 7. The politics of appeasement and counter-revolution: international relations in Europe between the wars; British appeasement policies; The 'appeasers'; alternative interpretations; Part III. The Great Transformation: 8. The post-World War II order; Europe's post-World War II social peace and prosperity; Social structure and development in post-war Europe; Peace in Europe; 9. The great transformation and the eternal return: 'globalization' reconsidered; Europe's nineteenth-century industrial expansion: the 'great transformation' revisited; Globalization: the 'great transformation' reversed?