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When user interface design complements how people think and learn, accommodates their physical needs, and meets their expectations for comfort and convenience, the interaction of human and machine is more productive. Good design has quantifiable benefits.
This book addresses interface and screen design from the user's perspective. It brings together the results of more than 300 new design studies, an understanding of people, knowledge of hardware and software capabilities, and the author's practical experience gained from 45 years of work with display-based systems. With expanded coverage of design guidelines for Web-based systems and mobile devices, it's a giant step toward more satisfied users.
Whether you design GUI systems or Web pages, you can
* Understand the many considerations involved in interface and screen design
*
Learn the rationale and apply the rules for an effective design methodology
*
Identify the components of graphical and Web interfaces and screens -- windows, menus, and controls
*
Design and organize screens and Web pages that encourage efficient, accurate comprehension and execution
*
Create screen icons and graphics and choose screen colors that make displays easier and more comfortable to use
*
Perform the user interface design process, including interface development and testing
When user interface design complements how people think and learn, accommodates their physical needs, and meets their expectations for comfort and convenience, the interaction of human and machine is more productive. Good design has quantifiable benefits.
This book addresses interface and screen design from the user's perspective. It brings together the results of more than 300 new design studies, an understanding of people, knowledge of hardware and software capabilities, and the author's practical experience gained from 45 years of work with display-based systems. With expanded coverage of design guidelines for Web-based systems and mobile devices, it's a giant step toward more satisfied users.
Whether you design GUI systems or Web pages, you can
* Understand the many considerations involved in interface and screen design
*
Learn the rationale and apply the rules for an effective design methodology
*
Identify the components of graphical and Web interfaces and screens -- windows, menus, and controls
*
Design and organize screens and Web pages that encourage efficient, accurate comprehension and execution
*
Create screen icons and graphics and choose screen colors that make displays easier and more comfortable to use
*
Perform the user interface design process, including interface development and testing
WILBERT O. GALITZ is an internationally respected consultant, author, and instructor in human factors and user interface design. He has lectured and conducted seminars on these topics worldwide and is recognized as a top authority on screen design. Bill has been involved with information systems for 45 years and writing about interface design since 1981.
About the Author v
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxvii
Part 1 The User Interface-An Introduction and Overview 1
Chapter 1 The Importance of the User Interface 3
Defining the User Interface 4
The Importance of Good Design 4
The Benefits of Good Design 5
A Brief History of the Human-Computer Interface 7
Introduction of the Graphical User Interface 7
The Blossoming of the World Wide Web 8
A Brief History of Screen Design 10
What's Next? 12
Chapter 2 Characteristics of Graphical and Web User Interfaces 13
Interaction Styles 13
Command Line 14
Menu Selection 14
Form Fill-in 14
Direct Manipulation 15
Anthropomorphic 15
The Graphical User Interface 16
The Popularity of Graphics 16
The Concept of Direct Manipulation 17
Graphical Systems: Advantages and Disadvantages 19
Characteristics of the Graphical User Interface 24
The Web User Interface 28
The Popularity of the Web 29
Characteristics of a Web Interface 29
The Merging of Graphical Business Systems and the Web 39
Characteristics of an Intranet versus the Internet 39
Extranets 40
Web Page versus Application Design 40
Principles of User Interface Design 44
Principles for the Xerox STAR 44
General Principles 45
Part 1 Exercise 58
What's Next? 58
Part 2 The User Interface Design Process 59
Obstacles and Pitfalls in the Development Path 59
Designing for People: The Seven Commandments 60
Usability 64
Usability Assessment in the Design Process 65
Common Usability Problems 65
Some Practical Measures of Usability 68
Some Objective Measures of Usability 69
Step 1 Know Your User or Client 71
Understanding How People Interact with Computers 71
The Human Action Cycle 72
Why People Have Trouble with Computers 73
Responses to Poor Design 74
People and Their Tasks 76
Important Human Characteristics in Design 76
Perception 76
Memory 78
Sensory Storage 79
Visual Acuity 80
Foveal and Peripheral Vision 81
Information Processing 81
Mental Models 82
Movement Control 83
Learning 83
Skill 84
Performance Load 84
Individual Differences 85
Human Considerations in the Design of Business Systems 87
The User's Knowledge and Experience 87
The User's Tasks and Needs 92
The User's Psychological Characteristics 95
The User's Physical Characteristics 96
Human Interaction Speeds 100
Performance versus Preference 101
Methods for Gaining an Understanding of Users 102
Step 1 Exercise 102
Step 2 Understand the Business Function 103
Business Definition and Requirements Analysis 104
Information Collection Techniques 104
Defining the Domain 112
Considering the Environment 112
Possible Problems in Requirements Collection 113
Determining Basic Business Functions 113
Understanding the User's Work 114
Developing Conceptual Models 115
The User's New Mental Model 120
Design Standards or Style Guides 120
Value of Standards and Guidelines 121
Customized Style Guides 124
Design Support and Implementation 125
System Training and Documentation Needs 125
Training 126
Documentation 126
Step 2 Exercise 126
Step 3 Understand the Principles of Good Interface and Screen Design 127
Human Considerations in Interface and Screen Design 128
How to Discourage the User 128
What Users Want 130
What Users Do 130
Interface Design Goals 131
The Test for a Good Design 132
Screen and Web Page Meaning and Purpose 132
Organizing Elements Clearly and Meaningfully 133
Consistency 133
Starting Point 135
Ordering of Data and Content 136
Navigation and Flow 139
Visually Pleasing Composition 141
Distinctiveness 161
Focus and Emphasis 162
Conveying Depth of Levels or a Three-Dimensional Appearance 165
Presenting Information Simply and Meaningfully 168
Application and Page Size 178
Application Screen Elements 184
Organization and Structure Guidelines 220
The Web - Web sites and Web Pages 230
Intranet Design Guidelines 258
Extranet Design Guidelines 259
Small Screens 259
Weblogs 260
Statistical Graphics 261
Types of Statistical Graphics 273
Flow Charts 283
Technological Considerations in Interface Design 284
Graphical Systems 284
Web Systems 287
The User Technology Profile Circa 2006 292
Examples of Screens 293
Example 1 293
Example 2 297
Example 3 300
Example 4 301
Example 5 302
Example 6 303
Example 7 305
Step 3 Exercise 306
Step 4 Develop System Menus and Navigation Schemes 307
Structures of Menus 308
Single Menus 308
Sequential Linear Menus 309
Simultaneous Menus 309
Hierarchical or Sequential Menus 310
Connected Menus 311
Event-Trapping Menus 313
Functions of Menus 313
Navigation to a New Menu 314
Execute an Action or Procedure 314
Displaying Information 314
Data or Parameter Input 314
Content of Menus 314
Menu Context 315
Menu Title 315
Choice Descriptions 315
Completion Instructions 315
Formatting of Menus 315
Consistency 316
Display 316
Presentation 316
Organization 317
Complexity 320
Item Arrangement 321
Ordering 321
Groupings 323
Selection Support Menus 325
Phrasing the Menu 328
Menu Titles 329
Menu Choice Descriptions 330
Menu Instructions 332
Intent Indicators 332
Keyboard Shortcuts 333
Selecting Menu Choices 337
Initial Cursor Positioning 337
Choice Selection 338
Defaults 339
Unavailable Choices 340
Mark Toggles or Settings 340
Toggled Menu Items 341
Web Site Navigation 342
Web Site Navigation Problems 343
Web Site Navigation Goals 344
Web Site Navigation Design 345
Maintaining a Sense of Place 367
Kinds of Graphical Menus 369
Menu Bar 369
Pull-Down Menu 371
Cascading Menus 375
Pop-Up Menus 377
Tear-Off Menus 379
Iconic Menus 380
Pie Menus 380
Graphical Menu Examples 382
Example 1 382
Step 5 Select the Proper Kinds of Windows 385
Window Characteristics 385
The Attraction of Windows 386
Constraints in Window System Design 388
Components of a Window 390
Frame 390
Title Bar 391
Title Bar Icon 391
Window Sizing Buttons 392
What's This? Button 393
Menu Bar 393
Status Bar 394
Scroll Bars 394
Split Box 394
Toolbar 394
Command Area 395
Size Grip 395
Work Area 395
Window Presentation Styles 395
Tiled Windows 396
Overlapping Windows 397
Cascading Windows 398
Picking a Presentation Style 399
Types of Windows 399
Primary Window 400
Secondary Windows 401
Dialog Boxes 407
Property Sheets and Property Inspectors 408
Message Boxes 411
Palette Windows 413
Pop-Up Windows 413
Organizing Window Functions 414
Window Organization 414
Number of Windows 415
Sizing Windows 416
Window Placement 417
The Web and the Browser 419
Browser Components 419
Step 5 Exercise 422
Step 6 Select the Proper Interaction Devices 423
Input Devices 423
Characteristics of Input Devices 424
Other Input Devices 436
Selecting the Proper Input Device 436
Output Devices 440
Screens 440
Speakers 441
Step 6 Exercise 441
Step 7 Choose the Proper Screen-Based Controls 443
Operable Controls 445
Buttons 445
Text Entry/Read-Only Controls 461
Text Boxes 461
Selection Controls 468
Radio Buttons 468
Check Boxes 478
Palettes 488
List Boxes 493
List View Controls 503
Drop-Down/Pop-Up List Boxes 503
Combination Entry/Selection Controls 509
Spin Boxes 509
Combo Boxes 512
Drop-Down/Pop-Up Combo Boxes 514
Other Operable Controls 517
Slider 517
Tabs 521
Date-Picker 524
Tree View 525
Scroll Bars 526
Custom Controls 531
Presentation Controls 531
Static Text Fields 532
Group Boxes 533
Column Headings 534
ToolTips 535
Balloon Tips 537
Progress Indicators 539
Sample Box 540
Scrolling Tickers 542
Selecting the Proper Controls 542
Entry versus Selection - A Comparison 543
Comparison of GUI Controls 544
Control Selection Criteria 547
Choosing a Control Form 548
Examples 552
Example 1 552
Example 2 553
Example 3 556
Example 4 557
Example 5 558
Example 6 559
Step 7 Exercise 561
Step 8 Write Clear Text and Messages 563
Words, Sentences, Messages, and Text 564
Readability 564
Choosing the Proper Words 565
Writing Sentences and Messages 568
Kinds of Messages 570
Presenting and Writing Text 578
Window Title, Conventions, and Sequence Control Guidance 582
Content and Text for Web Pages 584
Words 584
Page Text 585
Page...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2007 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Programmiersprachen |
| Genre: | Importe, Informatik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Taschenbuch |
| Inhalt: | 896 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9780470053423 |
| ISBN-10: | 0470053429 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 14505342000 |
| Einband: | Kartoniert / Broschiert |
| Autor: | Galitz, Wilbert O |
| Auflage: | 3rd edition |
| Hersteller: |
Wiley
John Wiley & Sons |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Wiley-VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, product-safety@wiley.com |
| Maße: | 235 x 191 x 48 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Wilbert O Galitz |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 01.04.2007 |
| Gewicht: | 1,636 kg |
WILBERT O. GALITZ is an internationally respected consultant, author, and instructor in human factors and user interface design. He has lectured and conducted seminars on these topics worldwide and is recognized as a top authority on screen design. Bill has been involved with information systems for 45 years and writing about interface design since 1981.
About the Author v
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxvii
Part 1 The User Interface-An Introduction and Overview 1
Chapter 1 The Importance of the User Interface 3
Defining the User Interface 4
The Importance of Good Design 4
The Benefits of Good Design 5
A Brief History of the Human-Computer Interface 7
Introduction of the Graphical User Interface 7
The Blossoming of the World Wide Web 8
A Brief History of Screen Design 10
What's Next? 12
Chapter 2 Characteristics of Graphical and Web User Interfaces 13
Interaction Styles 13
Command Line 14
Menu Selection 14
Form Fill-in 14
Direct Manipulation 15
Anthropomorphic 15
The Graphical User Interface 16
The Popularity of Graphics 16
The Concept of Direct Manipulation 17
Graphical Systems: Advantages and Disadvantages 19
Characteristics of the Graphical User Interface 24
The Web User Interface 28
The Popularity of the Web 29
Characteristics of a Web Interface 29
The Merging of Graphical Business Systems and the Web 39
Characteristics of an Intranet versus the Internet 39
Extranets 40
Web Page versus Application Design 40
Principles of User Interface Design 44
Principles for the Xerox STAR 44
General Principles 45
Part 1 Exercise 58
What's Next? 58
Part 2 The User Interface Design Process 59
Obstacles and Pitfalls in the Development Path 59
Designing for People: The Seven Commandments 60
Usability 64
Usability Assessment in the Design Process 65
Common Usability Problems 65
Some Practical Measures of Usability 68
Some Objective Measures of Usability 69
Step 1 Know Your User or Client 71
Understanding How People Interact with Computers 71
The Human Action Cycle 72
Why People Have Trouble with Computers 73
Responses to Poor Design 74
People and Their Tasks 76
Important Human Characteristics in Design 76
Perception 76
Memory 78
Sensory Storage 79
Visual Acuity 80
Foveal and Peripheral Vision 81
Information Processing 81
Mental Models 82
Movement Control 83
Learning 83
Skill 84
Performance Load 84
Individual Differences 85
Human Considerations in the Design of Business Systems 87
The User's Knowledge and Experience 87
The User's Tasks and Needs 92
The User's Psychological Characteristics 95
The User's Physical Characteristics 96
Human Interaction Speeds 100
Performance versus Preference 101
Methods for Gaining an Understanding of Users 102
Step 1 Exercise 102
Step 2 Understand the Business Function 103
Business Definition and Requirements Analysis 104
Information Collection Techniques 104
Defining the Domain 112
Considering the Environment 112
Possible Problems in Requirements Collection 113
Determining Basic Business Functions 113
Understanding the User's Work 114
Developing Conceptual Models 115
The User's New Mental Model 120
Design Standards or Style Guides 120
Value of Standards and Guidelines 121
Customized Style Guides 124
Design Support and Implementation 125
System Training and Documentation Needs 125
Training 126
Documentation 126
Step 2 Exercise 126
Step 3 Understand the Principles of Good Interface and Screen Design 127
Human Considerations in Interface and Screen Design 128
How to Discourage the User 128
What Users Want 130
What Users Do 130
Interface Design Goals 131
The Test for a Good Design 132
Screen and Web Page Meaning and Purpose 132
Organizing Elements Clearly and Meaningfully 133
Consistency 133
Starting Point 135
Ordering of Data and Content 136
Navigation and Flow 139
Visually Pleasing Composition 141
Distinctiveness 161
Focus and Emphasis 162
Conveying Depth of Levels or a Three-Dimensional Appearance 165
Presenting Information Simply and Meaningfully 168
Application and Page Size 178
Application Screen Elements 184
Organization and Structure Guidelines 220
The Web - Web sites and Web Pages 230
Intranet Design Guidelines 258
Extranet Design Guidelines 259
Small Screens 259
Weblogs 260
Statistical Graphics 261
Types of Statistical Graphics 273
Flow Charts 283
Technological Considerations in Interface Design 284
Graphical Systems 284
Web Systems 287
The User Technology Profile Circa 2006 292
Examples of Screens 293
Example 1 293
Example 2 297
Example 3 300
Example 4 301
Example 5 302
Example 6 303
Example 7 305
Step 3 Exercise 306
Step 4 Develop System Menus and Navigation Schemes 307
Structures of Menus 308
Single Menus 308
Sequential Linear Menus 309
Simultaneous Menus 309
Hierarchical or Sequential Menus 310
Connected Menus 311
Event-Trapping Menus 313
Functions of Menus 313
Navigation to a New Menu 314
Execute an Action or Procedure 314
Displaying Information 314
Data or Parameter Input 314
Content of Menus 314
Menu Context 315
Menu Title 315
Choice Descriptions 315
Completion Instructions 315
Formatting of Menus 315
Consistency 316
Display 316
Presentation 316
Organization 317
Complexity 320
Item Arrangement 321
Ordering 321
Groupings 323
Selection Support Menus 325
Phrasing the Menu 328
Menu Titles 329
Menu Choice Descriptions 330
Menu Instructions 332
Intent Indicators 332
Keyboard Shortcuts 333
Selecting Menu Choices 337
Initial Cursor Positioning 337
Choice Selection 338
Defaults 339
Unavailable Choices 340
Mark Toggles or Settings 340
Toggled Menu Items 341
Web Site Navigation 342
Web Site Navigation Problems 343
Web Site Navigation Goals 344
Web Site Navigation Design 345
Maintaining a Sense of Place 367
Kinds of Graphical Menus 369
Menu Bar 369
Pull-Down Menu 371
Cascading Menus 375
Pop-Up Menus 377
Tear-Off Menus 379
Iconic Menus 380
Pie Menus 380
Graphical Menu Examples 382
Example 1 382
Step 5 Select the Proper Kinds of Windows 385
Window Characteristics 385
The Attraction of Windows 386
Constraints in Window System Design 388
Components of a Window 390
Frame 390
Title Bar 391
Title Bar Icon 391
Window Sizing Buttons 392
What's This? Button 393
Menu Bar 393
Status Bar 394
Scroll Bars 394
Split Box 394
Toolbar 394
Command Area 395
Size Grip 395
Work Area 395
Window Presentation Styles 395
Tiled Windows 396
Overlapping Windows 397
Cascading Windows 398
Picking a Presentation Style 399
Types of Windows 399
Primary Window 400
Secondary Windows 401
Dialog Boxes 407
Property Sheets and Property Inspectors 408
Message Boxes 411
Palette Windows 413
Pop-Up Windows 413
Organizing Window Functions 414
Window Organization 414
Number of Windows 415
Sizing Windows 416
Window Placement 417
The Web and the Browser 419
Browser Components 419
Step 5 Exercise 422
Step 6 Select the Proper Interaction Devices 423
Input Devices 423
Characteristics of Input Devices 424
Other Input Devices 436
Selecting the Proper Input Device 436
Output Devices 440
Screens 440
Speakers 441
Step 6 Exercise 441
Step 7 Choose the Proper Screen-Based Controls 443
Operable Controls 445
Buttons 445
Text Entry/Read-Only Controls 461
Text Boxes 461
Selection Controls 468
Radio Buttons 468
Check Boxes 478
Palettes 488
List Boxes 493
List View Controls 503
Drop-Down/Pop-Up List Boxes 503
Combination Entry/Selection Controls 509
Spin Boxes 509
Combo Boxes 512
Drop-Down/Pop-Up Combo Boxes 514
Other Operable Controls 517
Slider 517
Tabs 521
Date-Picker 524
Tree View 525
Scroll Bars 526
Custom Controls 531
Presentation Controls 531
Static Text Fields 532
Group Boxes 533
Column Headings 534
ToolTips 535
Balloon Tips 537
Progress Indicators 539
Sample Box 540
Scrolling Tickers 542
Selecting the Proper Controls 542
Entry versus Selection - A Comparison 543
Comparison of GUI Controls 544
Control Selection Criteria 547
Choosing a Control Form 548
Examples 552
Example 1 552
Example 2 553
Example 3 556
Example 4 557
Example 5 558
Example 6 559
Step 7 Exercise 561
Step 8 Write Clear Text and Messages 563
Words, Sentences, Messages, and Text 564
Readability 564
Choosing the Proper Words 565
Writing Sentences and Messages 568
Kinds of Messages 570
Presenting and Writing Text 578
Window Title, Conventions, and Sequence Control Guidance 582
Content and Text for Web Pages 584
Words 584
Page Text 585
Page...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2007 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Programmiersprachen |
| Genre: | Importe, Informatik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Taschenbuch |
| Inhalt: | 896 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9780470053423 |
| ISBN-10: | 0470053429 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 14505342000 |
| Einband: | Kartoniert / Broschiert |
| Autor: | Galitz, Wilbert O |
| Auflage: | 3rd edition |
| Hersteller: |
Wiley
John Wiley & Sons |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Wiley-VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, product-safety@wiley.com |
| Maße: | 235 x 191 x 48 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Wilbert O Galitz |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 01.04.2007 |
| Gewicht: | 1,636 kg |
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