Preface; Editors' introduction; Part I. The Changing Fortunes of Liberal Democracy: 1. The coming of the welfare state Michael Freeden; 2. Politics and markets: Keynes and his critics Wayne Parsons; 3. The advent of the masses and the making of the modern theory of democracy Richard Bellamy; 4. Nationalism and imperialism James Mayall; 5. Fascism and racism Stanley G. Payne; 6. Conservatism Noel O'Sullivan; 7. Christian Democracy Mario Caciagli; 8. Critics of totalitarianism Jeffrey C. Isaac; 9. The end of the welfare state? Robert E. Goodin; Part II. Varieties of Marxism: 10. The Second International: socialisms and social democracy Dick Geary; 11. The Russian Revolution: an ideology in power Neil Harding; 12. Asian communism David McLellan; 13. Western Marxism David McLellan; 14. French Marxism - existentialism to structuralism Sunil Khilnani; Part III. Science, Modernism and Politics: 15. Reactions to positivism Melissa Lane; 16. Postmodernism: pathologies of modernity from Nietzsche to the post-structuralists Peter Dews; 17. Weber, Durkheim and the sociology of the modern state Antonino Palumbo and Alan Scott; 18. Freud and his followers Paul Roazen; 19. Modernism in art, literature and political theory Walter L. Adamson; 20. The new science of politics James Farr; 21. Utilitarianism and beyond: contemporary analytical political theory David Miller and Richard Dagger; Part IV. New Social Movements and the Politics of Difference: 22. Pacifism and Pacificism Martin Ceadal; 23. Feminisms Susan James; 24. Identity politics James Tully; 25. Green political theory Terence Ball; Part V. Beyond Western Political Thought: 26. Nonwestern political thought in the twentieth century Bhikhu Parekh; 27. Islamic political thought in the twentieth century Salwa Ismail; Epilogue - the grand dichotomy of the twentieth century Steven Lukes; Biographies; Bibliographies; Index.