Samuel Hayat is a researcher in politics for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) at the Sciences Po Center for Political Research (CEVIPOF).

Acknowledgements

Introduction: The two faces of the French republic

• The 1848 Revolution and the meaning of the republic


• Which history of republicanism?


• The republic and its double

1 From one revolution to another (1789- 1848)

• Ultra- royalist reaction and the emergence of the liberal movement


• Configurations of the liberal movement


• The theory of representative government


• Representative government in practice


• The emergence of the republican movement


• Republicans and the proletariat


• The association: a shared arena for workers and republicans


• The politicisation of local elections and the reformist movement


• Electoral reform and the social question


• The banquet campaign and the fall of the July regime

2 The February Republic: A plural system

• Establishment of the Provisional Government
• Restructuring of the National Guard
• Establishment of the Luxembourg Commission
• The beginnings of the club movement
• The transformation of citizenship
• The unrepresentable

3 Institutions under the February Republic: A bone of contention

• The Provisional Government: temporary administration or revolutionary authority?


• The Parisian National Guard: law enforcement or the armed people?


• The Luxembourg Commission, 'socialist synagogue' or unprecedented representation of labour?


• The Paris press and clubs: conversation or collective action?

4 17 March and the invention of demonstration

• Towards the 17 March demonstration


• 16 March: the first reactionary demonstration


• The demands of the 17 March demonstration


• The demonstration as representation of the represented


• The emergence of partisanship


• The Ledru- Rollin circulars and democratic republicanism


• Lamartine's moderate republicanism

5 16 April and the failure of democratic republicanism

• 16 April, a clash between republicanisms


• The people and the streets


• The National Guard: a law enforcement tool in the service of the state


• The failure of the Luxembourg Commission


• Political clubs and newspapers, spaces for free discussion

6 15 May and the triumph of election

• The electoral legitimacy of Constituent Assembly


• 15 May: parliamentary inviolability put to the test


• Interpreting the events of 15 May


• Absolute representation

7 The two republics

• Identifying the 'idle': the two faces of National Workshop labourers

Conclusion

• Established republicanism


• The 'Proudhonian moment' of the French labour movement


• An autonomous labour movement

Index