Contents

Acknowledgments From Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Acknowledgments From Chu-Hsiang Chang

1. A Brief History of Occupational Health Psychology

Early Forerunners

Engels and Marx

Émile Durkheim

Max Weber and the Iron Cage

Taylor and Ford

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Henry Ford

World War I and the Interwar Years

Impact on Soldiers

The Interwar Years

Human Relations

Unemployment

From the World War II Era to the 1970s

World War II

Institute for Social Research

Tavistock and Human Relations

Changes in the British Mining Industry

Hans Selye

Stressful Life Events

Stress Research in Sweden

Developments in Sociology, Social Psychology, and Industrial Psychology

Richard Lazarus

Methodological Rigor in Research on Job Stress

OSHA and NIOSH

P–E Fit

Burnout

Decision Latitude and Job Demands

The 1980s to the Present

Two Groundbreaking Studies

Occupational Health Psychology

Work & Stress

APA–NIOSH Conference Series

Doctoral Programs in OHP

University of Nottingham

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology

ICOH–WOPS

European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology

Society for Occupational Health Psychology

Summary

2. Research Methods in Occupational Health Psychology

Research Designs

Experiment

Quasi-Experiment

Internal Validity of Experiments and Quasi-Experiments

Cross-Sectional Study

Case-Control Study

Longitudinal Study

Cohort Studies

Meta-Analysis

Two-Stage Meta-Analysis

One-Stage Meta-Analysis

Final Comment on Meta-Analyses

Other Research Designs in OHP

Diary Studies

Natural Experiment

Interrupted Time-Series

Qualitative Research Methods

Measurement

Reliability

Internal Consistency Reliability

Alternate Forms and Test–Retest Reliability

Interrater (Scorer) Reliability: Continuous Measures

Interrater Reliability: Categorical Measurement

Final Word on Reliability

Validity

Content Validity

Criterion-Related Validity

Construct Validity

Research Ethics

Summary

3. The Impact of Psychosocial Working Conditions on Mental Health

Assessing Mental Health in OHP Research

Psychological Distress and Depression

Burnout

The Impact of Job Loss on Mental Health

Two Pathways for Research on Unemployment

What the Research on Unemployment Has to Tell Us

Job Loss and Suicide

The Demand–Control(–Support) Model

Social Support Becomes Part of the Model

Measuring DCS Factors

Methodological Concerns

The Evidence Bearing on the Relation of the Demand–Control(–Support) Model to Depression and Distress

The DCS Factors and Excessive Alcohol Consumption

Workplace Support

The Impact of DCS Factors

The Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) Model and Conservation of Resources Model

The Evidence Bearing on the JD–R Model

The JD–R Model and Matching

Summing Up of the JD–R Model

The Effort–Reward Imbalance Model

Other Psychosocial Factors

Organizational Justice

Job Insecurity

Long Working Hours

Night Work and Shift Work

Stressful Occupational Events and Work-Related Social Stressors

Coping

Other Research Considerations

Reverse Causality

Controlling for Socioeconomic Status

Nonwork Stressors

Timing Waves of Data Collection

Decisions About Study Populations

Reliance on Self-Report Measures

Summary

4. Epidemiology, Medical Disease, and OHP

Cardiovascular Disease

A Riddle

Psychosocial Working Conditions Could Affect CVD Through Health Behaviors

Cigarette Smoking

Obesity and Weight Gain

Leisure Time Physical Activity

Summary

Biological Links From Psychosocial Working Conditions to CVD

Workplace Stressors and Human Biology

Cortisol and Epinephrine

Allostasis and Allostatic Load

Dysregulation of the HPA Axis and Other Harmful Effects

Summary

Depression and CVD

Burnout and CVD

Research Linking “Stress at Work” and Demand–Control Variables to CVD

Studies That Employed Imputation Strategies Linking DC Factors to CVD

Studies That Involve DC Factors That Were Assessed by Worker Self-Report

Focus on DC Factors in Women

Two-Stage Meta-Analysis

The DC and ERI Models Compared

“Mega-Study” of DC Factors

Summary of Studies Bearing on the DC and ERI Factors

The Relation of Job Loss to CVD Mortality

Job Insecurity and CVD

Long Working Hours and CVD

Bullying

Work Schedules and CVD

Socioeconomic Status and Health

Summary of Research on the Relation of Psychosocial Workplace Factors to CVD

Musculoskeletal Problems

Psychosocial Working Conditions and Musculoskeletal Problems

Evidence That Psychosocial Working Conditions Affect Musculoskeletal Problems

Two Meta-Analyses and a Systematic Review

Summary

Other Health-Related Outcomes

5. Workplace Violence and Psychological Aggression

Extent of Workplace Violence and Psychological Aggression

Prevalence of Homicide in the Workplace

Prevalence of Workplace Violence, Excluding Homicide

Prevalence of Psychological Aggression in the Workplace

Workplace Violence and Psychological Aggression Commonly Occur

Risk Factors for Violence in the Workplace and Worker-on-Worker Psychological Aggression

Risk Factors for Psychological Aggression by Workers Against Other Workers

Focus on Three Occupational Groups

Nurses

Hospital Climate

A Small Corps of Patients and the Context of Assaults

Summary of the Nursing Findings

Teachers

What Qualitative Research Has to Say

Official Data on Assault

Data Obtained From the Teachers Themselves

Summary of the Teacher Findings

Bus Drivers

Consequences of Violence Exposure at the Workplace

Cross-Sectional Research on the Consequences of Exposure to Workplace Violence

Case-Control Research on the Consequences of Exposure to Workplace Violence

Longitudinal Research on the Consequences of Exposure to Workplace Violence

Longer-Term Longitudinal Studies

Shorter-Term Longitudinal Studies

Summing up the Consequences of Violence Exposure

Consequences of Workplace Psychological Aggression

Longitudinal Research on the Consequences of Exposure to Workplace Psychological Aggression

Longitudinal Studies on Distress and Depression With Longer Time Lags

Longitudinal Studies on Distress and Depression With Shorter Time Lags

Bidirectional Effects

Outcomes Other Than Distress and Depression

Coping

Summary

6. Organizational Climate and Leadership

Organizational Climate: A Brief History

Levels of Analysis

Dimensions of Organizational Climate

Safety Climate

Antecedents of Safety Climate

Safety-Related Outcomes of Safety Climate

Other Effects of Safety Climate

Mistreatment Climate

Psychosocial Safety Climate

Other Climates Relevant to Occupational Health Psychology

Organizational Leadership: A Brief History

Contemporary Leadership Theories and Occupational Health

Transformational Leadership

Leader–Member Exchange

Abusive Supervision

Summary

7. OHP Research on Specific Occupations

Teachers

Mental Disorder, Suicide, and Physical Disorder

Within-Occupation Research

Summary

Nurses

Mental Disorder and Suicide

Within-Occupation Research

Summary

Combat Soldiers

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Mental Disorder and Brain Injury

Leadership

Sexual Harassment

Suicide

Summary

Postscript

First Responders

Police Officers

Summary

Firefighters

Summary

9/11

9/11 First Responders Who Were Police Officers

9/11 First Responders Who Were Firefighters

Children of 9/11 First Responders

Summary

Construction Workers

Occupational Stress and Safety

Occupational Health Issues Unique to Construction Workers

Summary

Agricultural Workers

Occupational Stress

Occupational Safety

Occupational Health Issues Unique to Agricultural Workers

Summary

8. Occupational Safety

Risk Factors in the Physical Work Environment

Occupational Health Psychology and Occupational Safety

Individual Antecedents of Safety Performance and Workplace Accidents and Injuries

Demographics

Personality

Ability Factors

Motivation-Related Differences

Situational Antecedents of Safety Performance and Workplace Accidents and Injuries

Job Characteristics

Shift Work

Implications of Considering Individual and Situational Antecedents for Safety

Summary

9. Work–Family Balance

Negative Work–Family Interface: Work–Family Conflict

Situational Antecedents of WFC

Dispositional...