MOHIT BHANDARI, MD, PHD, FRCSC, is Professor of Surgery in the Division of Orthopedic Surgery at McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. He is a University Scholar, holds a Canada Research Chair in Evidence-Based Orthopedics, serves as Associate Chair-Research in the Department of Surgery, and was inducted as a member of the Order of Canada. Dr Bhandari has been acknowledged as one of the top 10 most cited orthopedic fracture surgeons in the world. He conducts major multinational, transformative randomized clinical trials, publishes actively in the top medical journals, lectures to thousands around the world, and edits several major textbooks. He is Editor-in-Chief of OrthoEvidence, an online source for high quality and timely evidence-based orthopedic summaries.

Contributors, xv

Foreword, xxix

Preface, xxxi

Abbreviations, xxxiii

Section I Methodology of Evidence-Based Orthopedics

1 Principles of Evidence-Based Orthopedics, 3
Niek van der Hoek MD and Paul Tornetta III MD

2 Hierarchy of Evidence and Common Study Designs, 7
Annie George BHSc, Ydo V. Kleinlugtenbelt MD PhD, and Kim Madden PhD

3 Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, 11
Joseph T. Patterson MD and Saam Morshed MD PhD MPH

4 Healthcare Recommendations: Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Approach, 19
Mark Phillips BSc PhD, Cand

5 Outcomes and Their Interpretations, 25
Leah Gitajn MD

6 Value-Based Orthopedics, 31
Nathan N. O'Hara MHA and Daniel Mwayafu MBChB MMed

Section II Orthopedic Medicine

7 Critical Issues in Osteoporosis Management, 39
Matthew Wong-Pack BHSc MD (Cand), Kyra Cummings, Arthur Lau MD FRCPC, and Jonathan D. Adachi MD FRCPC

8 Venous Thromboembolic Events, 51
Ernest Kwek MBBS FRCS(Ed) and Richard E. Buckley MD FRCSC

9 Blood Transfusion, 55
Seper Ekhtiari MD MSc, David W. Sanders MD FRCSC, and Jeffrey L. Carson MD

10 Wound Infections, 59
Mark D. Hasenauer MD, Michael D. Hunter MD, Kyle J. Jeray MD, and Atul F. Kamath MD

11 Smoking Cessation, 65
Paul E. Matuszewski MD, David Zuelzer MD, and Robert V. O'Toole MD

12 Perioperative Medical Management, 71
Jennifer Muniak MD, Susan M. Friedman MD MPH, Joseph A. Nicholas MD MPH, and Daniel A. Mendelson MD MSc

13 Orthobiologics, 75
John A. Buza III MD and Thomas A. Einhorn MD

14 Intimate Partner Violence, 83
Sheila Sprague PhD, Taryn Scott MSW, Erika Arseneau MSc, Prism Schneider MD FRCSC, Andrew Furey MD FRCSC, Rudolf Poolman MD PhD, Emil Schemitsch MD, and Mohit Bhandari MD PhD

15 Pain Management in Orthopedic Surgery, 91
Vishal Uppal MD FRCA and Harsha Shanthanna MD PhD

16 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression, 99
Basem Attum MD and William Obremsky

17 Nutrition and Supplements in Orthopedic Care, 105
Martí Bernaus MD, Brad Petrisor MD MSc, Sofia Bzovsky MSc, and Sheila Sprague PhD

Section III Joint Reconstruction

III.I Hip and Knee

18 Outpatient Total Joint Arthroplasty, 113
Michael Pollock BSc MSc and Brent Lanting MD

19 Hip Preservation, 117
Ahmed El-Bakoury MBBS PhD, Asif A. H. Parkar MBBS, and James N. Powell MD

20 The Direct Anterior Approach, 123
Thomas J. Wood MD and Brent Lanting MD MSc

21 Computer Navigation in Total Hip Arthroplasty, 129
Aamer Malik MD PhD and Lawrence Dorr MD

22 Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene in Total Hip Arthroplasty, 135
Glen Richardson MD MSc FRCSC and Michael J. Dunbar MD PhD FRCSC

23 Hip Resurfacing, 141
Adam Hart MD MASc, Nikolaos Davarinos MD MSc, and John Antoniou MD PhD

24 Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty, 147
Oliver Marin-Peña MD, Olga Pidgaiska MD, and PedroReis-Campos

25 Ceramic in Total Hip Arthroplasty, 153
Peter M. Lewis MB BCh FRCS(Orth) and James P. Waddell MD FRCSC

26 Cement in Total Hip Arthroplasty, 161
Jorge H. Nuñez MD, Tony Fraguas MD, Ernesto Guerra-Farfán MD, and Diego Collado MD

27 Head Size in Total Hip Arthroplasty, 167
Francesc Angles MD, Jorge H. Nuñez MD, and Pablo Castillón MD

28 Dual Mobility in Total Hip Arthroplasty, 173
Iñaki Mimendia MD, Maria Jurado MD, Ernesto Guerra-Farfán MD, and Victor Barro MD PhD

29 Trunnionosis, 179
Christopher Del Balso MBBS MSc, Emil Schemitsch MD, and Brent Lanting MD MSc

30 Periprosthetic Hip Fractures, 185
Lisa C. Howard MD, Bas A. Masri MD, Don S. Garbuz MD, and Clive P. Duncan MD

31 The Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty, 191
Sebastián A. León MD, Xin Y. Mei MD, and Paul R. Kuzyk MD MASc

32 The Painful Total Hip Arthroplasty, 199
Asif A. H. Parkar MBBS, Ahmed El-Bakoury MBBS PhD, and James N. Powell MD

33 Revision of the Femoral Component, 205
Lisa C. Howard MD, Bas A. Masri MD, Don S. Garbuz MD, and Clive P. Duncan MD

34 Revision of the Acetabular Component, 213
Nikolaos Davarinos MD MSc, Adam Hart MDCM MASc, and John Antoniou MD PhD

35 Antibiotic Cement in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 221
Stephen M. Petis MD MSc FRCSC and Steven J. MacDonald MD FRCSC

36 Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty and Patellofemoral Resurfacing Arthroplasty, 225
Waleed Albishi MBBS, Paul Jamieson MD, IvanKamikovski MD, and Geoffrey Dervin MD

37 Cemented versus Uncemented Fixation in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 231
Thomas Turgeon MD FRCSC

38 Cruciate Retaining versus Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty, 237
Michael G. Zywiel MD MSc FRCSC and Sarah Ward MD MLA FRCSC

39 Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 243
Michael G. Zywiel MD MSc FRCSC, Rajiv Gandhi MD MSc FRCSC, and Nizar N. Mahomed MD ScD FRCSC

40 Mechanical versus Kinematic Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 249
Pascal-André Vendittoli MD MSc, William Blakeney MBBS MSc MS FRACS, Charles Rivière, and Gene Dossett

41 Ligament Balancing in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 253
Pascal-André Vendittoli MD MSc, Jihad Matta MD, Christophe Fornasieri MD, and William Blakeney MBBS MSc MS FRACS

42 Robotics in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 259
Seper Ekhtiari MD MSc, Vickas Khanna MD, and Anthony Adili MD

43 Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 265
Seper Ekhtiari MD MSc, Luc Rubinger MD, Vickas Khanna MD, and Anthony Adili MD

44 Metal Allergy in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 269
Amit Atrey MD MSc FRCSC

45 Perioperative Management in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 275
Sebastian M. Klim MD and Mathias Glehr MD

46 Arthrofibrosis following Total Knee Arthroplasty, 279
Samuel T. Walters MBBS, Saket Tibrewal MBBS, and Jakob van Oldenrijk MD PhD

47 High-Flexion Implants in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 285
Thomas J. Wood MD FRCSC and Douglas D. R. Naudie MD FRCSC

48 Venous Thromboembolism in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 289
Harman Chaudhry MD MSc and Mitch Winemaker MD FRCSC

49 Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 295
Pascal-André Vendittoli MD MSc, William Blakeney MBBS MSc MS FRACS, Ebru Oral, and Orhun Muratoglu

50 Exposure and Implant Options in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty, 301
Felipe Moreira MD, Maria Jurado MD, and Marcelo Casaccia MD

51 The Painful Total Knee Arthroplasty, 307
Jason Werle MD FRCSC, Kelly Johnston MD FRCSC, Nicholas Desy MD FRCSC, and Stuart Goodman MD PhD FRCSC

52 Diagnosing the Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty, 315
Mina Tohidi MD and John F. Rudan MD

53 Management of the Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty, 321
Ewout S. Veltman MD and Dirk Jan F. Moojen MD PhD

54 Management of the Unstable Total Knee Arthroplasty, 325
John Esposito MD FRCSC and James L. Howard MD MSc FRCSC

55 Stem Choices in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty, 329
Pablo A. I. Slullitel MD, Gerard M. J. March MD FRCSC, and Paul R. Kim MD FRCSC

56 Periprosthetic Fractures: Knee, 335
Jesse Wolfstadt MD MSc FRCSC and Aaron Nauth MD MSc FRCSC

57 Femoral Bone Defects in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty, 341
Adam Katchky MD MSc FRCSC and David J. Backstein MEd MD FRCSC

58 Management of Structural Defects in Revision Knee Arthroplasty: Tibial Side, 349
Sebastián León MD, Jennifer Leighton MD FRCSC, Xin Y. Mei MD, and Paul R. Kuzyk MD MASc FRCSC

59 Patellar Options in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty, 355
Jesse Wolfstadt MD MSc FRCSC and Paul Zalzal MASc MD FRCSC

III.II Shoulder

60 Implant Design Options in the Treatment of Shoulder Osteoarthritis, 361
Chad Myeroff MD, Michael Knudsen MD, and Michael D.McKee MD FRCS(C)

61 Cement in Shoulder Arthroplasty, 369
Midhat Patel MD and Niloofar Dehghan MD FRCSC

62 Management of Glenoid Bone Loss, 375
Diego Soza MD, Montserrat García-Portabella MD, Lledó Batalla MD, and Josep Massons MD PhD

63 Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty, 381
Mitchel D. Armstrong MD BMSc FRCSC, Bandar M. Assiry MBBS SB-orth, and Ryan T. Bicknell MD MSc FRCSC

64 Glenoid Components in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty, 387
Eric Benson MD, George Athwal MD, and Kenneth Faber MD

65 Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Shoulder Arthroplasty, 393
Peter Lapner MD FRCSC, Jay Keener MD, and Thomas Duquin MD

III.III Foot and Ankle

66 Ankle Osteoarthritis, 401
Rosa Busquets MD PhD and Andrea Sallent MD

67 Osteoarthritis of the 1st Metatarsophalangeal Joint, 407
Seper Ekhtiari MD MSc and Waleed Kishta MD PhD

68 Hallux Valgus, 413
Sebastián Drago Perez MD and Cristian Ortiz Mateluna MD

69 Cavovarus Foot, 419
Sebastián Drago Perez MD and Cristian Ortiz Mateluna MD

Section IV Trauma

IV.I General Trauma

70 Damage Control Orthopedics, 425
Sascha Halvachizadeh MD, Paolo Cinelli PhD, Florin Allemann MD, Philipp Kobbe MD MHBA, and Hans-Christoph Pap MD

71 Open Fractures, 431
Michael D. Hunter MD, Mark D. Hasenauer MD, Atul F.Kamath MD, and Kyle J. Jeray MD

72 The Mangled Extremity, 437
Tiffany Huynh MD and Ted V. Tufescu MD FRCSC

73 Acute Compartment Syndrome, 441
Aurelia Bihari PhD, Christopher Del Balso MBBSMSc FRCSC, and Abdel-Rahman Lawend MD PhD FRCSC

74 Noninvasive Technologies for Fracture Repair, 447
Natsumi Saka MD, Yoshinobu Watanabe MD PhD, and Takashi Matsushita MD DSc

75 Calcium-Based Bone Substitutes, 451
Ross Leighton BSc MD FRCSC, Kelly Trask BEng MScCCRP, Thomas A. Russell MD, Mohit Bhandari MD MSc, and Richard E. Buckley MD FRCSC

IV.II Shoulder Girdle and Upper Extremity

76 Scapula Fractures, 457
Peter A. Cole MD and Lisa K. Schroder BS MBA

77 Sternoclavicular Joint, 463
Annie Weber MD and Raymond A. Pensy MD

78 Clavicle Fractures, 469
Chad Myeroff MD and Michael D.McKee MD FRCS(C)

79 Acromioclavicular Joint, 475
Chad Myeroff MD and Michael D. McKee MD FRCS (C)

80 Proximal Humeral Fractures, 481
Benjamin Kopp MD and David Ring MD PhD

81 Humeral Shaft Fractures, 487
David J. Hak MD MBA FACS and Cyril Mauffrey MD FRCS FACS

82 Distal Humerus Fractures, 491
Brandon Girardi MD, Emil H. Schemitsch MD, and Aaron Nauth MD MSc

83 Elbow Dislocations, 499
Lisa C. Howard MD and Jason W. Pollock MD

84 Radial Head Fractures, 505
James D. Spearman Jr MD MBA, David Ring MD PhD, and Lee M. Reichel MD

85 Olecranon Fractures, 509
Michael C. Daly MD and Jesse B. Jupiter MD

86 Forearm Fractures,...