Jay Friedenberg is Professor of the Psychology Department at Manhattan College, where he directs the Cognitive Science Program. He is interested in both vision and the philosophy of mind. He teaches courses in physiological psychology, cognition and learning, sensation and perception, and artificial intelligence and robotics. He has published several articles on visual estimation of center of mass. His current research projects focus on the aesthetics of geometrical shapes. He has published books on artificial intelligence, dynamical systems theory, and psychology. He is a member of the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics, the Eastern Psychological Association, the Vision Science Society, the Psychonomic Society, and Phi Beta Kappa. He obtained his PhD in cognitive psychology in 1995 at the University of Virginia.

Preface
About the Authors
CHAPTER 1. Introduction: Exploring Mental Space
A Brave New World
What Is Cognitive Science?
Representation
Computation
The Interdisciplinary Perspective
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 1
CHAPTER 2. The Philosophical Approach: Enduring Questions
What Is Philosophy?
Chapter Overview
The Mind-Body Problem: What Is Mind?
Monism
Dualism
Functionalism: Are Minds Limited to Brains?
The Knowledge Acquisition Problem: How Do We Acquire Knowledge?
The Mystery of Consciousness: What Is Consciousness and How Does It Operate?
Evaluating the Emergent View of Mind
Overall Evaluation of the Philosophical Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 2
CHAPTER 3. The Psychological Approach: A Profusion of Theories
What Is Psychology?
Psychology and the Scientific Method
Intelligence Tests
Mental Atoms, Mental Molecules, and a Periodic Table of the Mind: The Voluntarist Movement
Structuralism: What the Mind Is
Functionalism: What the Mind Does
The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts: Mental Physics and the Gestalt Movement
Mini Minds: Mechanism and Psychoanalytic Psychology
Mind as a Black Box: The Behaviorist Approach
Overall Evaluation of the Psychological Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 3
CHAPTER 4. The Cognitive Approach I: Vision, Pattern Recognition, and Attention
Some History First: The Rise of Cognitive Psychology
The Cognitive Approach: Mind as an Information Processor
Modularity of Mind
Theories of Vision and Pattern Recognition: How Do We Recognize Objects?
Theories of Attention: How Do We Pay Attention?
Evaluating the Model-Building Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 4
CHAPTER 5. The Cognitive Approach II: Memory, Imagery, Concepts, and Problem Solving
Types of Memory: How Do We Remember?
Memory Models
Concepts: How Do We Represent Our Knowledge of Concepts?
Problem Solving: How Do We Solve Problems?
Overall Evaluation of the Cognitive Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 5
CHAPTER 6. The Neuroscience Approach: Mind as Brain
The Neuroscience Perspective
Methodology in Neuroscience
The Small Picture: Neuron Anatomy and Physiology
The Big Picture: Brain Anatomy
The Neuroscience of Visual Object Recognition
The Neuroscience of Attention
The Neuroscience of Memory
The Neuroscience of Executive Function and Problem Solving
Overall Evaluation of the Neuroscience Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 6
CHAPTER 7. The Network Approach: Mind as a Web
The Network Perspective
Artificial Neural Networks
Characteristics of Artificial Neural Networks
Early Conceptions of Neural Networks
Backpropagation
Evaluating the Connectionist Approach
Semantic Networks: Meaning in the Web
Network Science
Overall Evaluation of the Network Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 7
CHAPTER 8. The Evolutionary Approach: Change Over Time
The Evolutionary View
A Little Background: Natural Selection and Genetics
Comparative Cognition
Evolutionary Psychology
Evaluating Evolutionary Psychology
Overall Evaluation of the Evolutionary Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 8
CHAPTER 9. The Linguistic Approach: Language and Cognitive Science
The Linguistic Approach: The Importance of Language
The Nature of Language
Language Processing
Language Acquisition
Language Deprivation
Language Use in Nonhuman Animals
Neuroscience and Linguistics: The Wernicke-Geschwind Model
Artificial Intelligence and Linguistics: Natural Language Processing
Overall Evaluation of the Linguistic Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 9
CHAPTER 10. The Emotional Approach: Mind as Emotion
Emotion and Cognitive Science
What Is Emotion?
Theories of Emotion
Basic Emotions
Emotions, Evolution, and Psychological Disorders
Emotions and Neuroscience
Hot and Cold: Emotion-Cognition Interactions
Emotions and Artificial Intelligence: Affective Computing
Overall Evaluation of the Emotional Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 10
CHAPTER 11. The Social Approach: Mind as Society
Social Cognition
Social Cognitive Neuroscience
Topics in Social Cognitive Neuroscience
Is Social Cognitive Neuroscience Special?
Advantages of the Social Cognitive Neuroscience Approach
Theory of Mind
Other Social Cognitive Disorders
Attitudes
Impressions
Attribution
Stereotypes
Prejudice
Overall Evaluation of the Social Approach
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 11
CHAPTER 12. The Artificial Intelligence Approach I: The Computer as a Cognitive Entity
Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence
Defining AI
Practical AI
The Legacies of Turing and Zadeh
Intelligent Agents That Think, Learn, and Make Decisions
Fundamental Concepts of the IA
Learning Experiences
Artificial General Intelligence
Reverse Engineering the Brain
Assessment of AI and AGI
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 12
CHAPTER 13. The Artificial Intelligence Approach II: Embedded Intelligence and Robotics
Mechanical Beginnings
Embodied Cognitive Science
Robotic Embodied Intelligence
The Intelligent Agent Paradigm
Evolutionary Embodiments: The Merger of Human Cognitive Behavior, Biology, and Intelligent Agents
Robotic Embodiments
Robotic Realizations
Cooperating Intelligent Agents and Swarming
Machine-Human Interactions
Overall Evaluation of Embedded Intelligence
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 13
CHAPTER 14. The Embodied Ecological Approach: A Dynamic Future for Cognitive Science?
Embodied and Extended Cognition
Perceptual Symbol Systems and Motor Affordances
Perceptual Simulations
Dynamical Systems Theory
Dynamical Representation
Dynamical Versus Classical Cognitive Science
Ecological and Extended Cognition
Integrating Cognitive Science
The Benefits of Cognitive Science
The Future
Summing Up: A Review of Chapter 14
Glossary
References
Index