Dekorationsartikel gehören nicht zum Leistungsumfang.
Sprache:
Englisch
111,95 €*
Versandkostenfrei per Post / DHL
Lieferzeit 1-2 Wochen
Kategorien:
Beschreibung
Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition
Well-referenced clinical resource for canine and feline nutrition, with expansions throughout and two new chapters covering birds and small mammals.
Fully revised to reflect new advances and information throughout, the Second Edition of Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition presents current, authoritative information on all aspects of small companion animal nutrition. The book provides clinically oriented solutions for integrating nutrition into clinical practice, with introductory chapters covering the foundation and science behind the recommendations and extensive references for further reading in every chapter.
With contributions from more than 25 leading veterinary nutritionists, Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition covers topics such as:
* Integration of nutrition into clinical practice, basic nutrition, energy requirements, and pet food regulations in North America and Europe that also apply to many other regions
* Using and reviewing pet food labels and product guides, feeding the healthy dog and cat, and abridged clinical nutrition topics for companion avian species & small mammals
* Commercial and home-prepared diets, and nutritional management of body weight and orthopedic, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases
* Nutritional management of exocrine, hepatobiliary, kidney, lower urinary tract, endocrine, cardiovascular, and oncological diseases as well as enteral and parenteral nutrition
A valuable resource on the principles of small animal nutrition and feeding practices in health or disease, Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition is a widely trusted and practical daily reference for veterinary practitioners including specialists, residents, and students seeking expert information on feeding their canine, feline, avian, and small mammalian patients.
Well-referenced clinical resource for canine and feline nutrition, with expansions throughout and two new chapters covering birds and small mammals.
Fully revised to reflect new advances and information throughout, the Second Edition of Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition presents current, authoritative information on all aspects of small companion animal nutrition. The book provides clinically oriented solutions for integrating nutrition into clinical practice, with introductory chapters covering the foundation and science behind the recommendations and extensive references for further reading in every chapter.
With contributions from more than 25 leading veterinary nutritionists, Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition covers topics such as:
* Integration of nutrition into clinical practice, basic nutrition, energy requirements, and pet food regulations in North America and Europe that also apply to many other regions
* Using and reviewing pet food labels and product guides, feeding the healthy dog and cat, and abridged clinical nutrition topics for companion avian species & small mammals
* Commercial and home-prepared diets, and nutritional management of body weight and orthopedic, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases
* Nutritional management of exocrine, hepatobiliary, kidney, lower urinary tract, endocrine, cardiovascular, and oncological diseases as well as enteral and parenteral nutrition
A valuable resource on the principles of small animal nutrition and feeding practices in health or disease, Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition is a widely trusted and practical daily reference for veterinary practitioners including specialists, residents, and students seeking expert information on feeding their canine, feline, avian, and small mammalian patients.
Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition
Well-referenced clinical resource for canine and feline nutrition, with expansions throughout and two new chapters covering birds and small mammals.
Fully revised to reflect new advances and information throughout, the Second Edition of Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition presents current, authoritative information on all aspects of small companion animal nutrition. The book provides clinically oriented solutions for integrating nutrition into clinical practice, with introductory chapters covering the foundation and science behind the recommendations and extensive references for further reading in every chapter.
With contributions from more than 25 leading veterinary nutritionists, Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition covers topics such as:
* Integration of nutrition into clinical practice, basic nutrition, energy requirements, and pet food regulations in North America and Europe that also apply to many other regions
* Using and reviewing pet food labels and product guides, feeding the healthy dog and cat, and abridged clinical nutrition topics for companion avian species & small mammals
* Commercial and home-prepared diets, and nutritional management of body weight and orthopedic, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases
* Nutritional management of exocrine, hepatobiliary, kidney, lower urinary tract, endocrine, cardiovascular, and oncological diseases as well as enteral and parenteral nutrition
A valuable resource on the principles of small animal nutrition and feeding practices in health or disease, Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition is a widely trusted and practical daily reference for veterinary practitioners including specialists, residents, and students seeking expert information on feeding their canine, feline, avian, and small mammalian patients.
Well-referenced clinical resource for canine and feline nutrition, with expansions throughout and two new chapters covering birds and small mammals.
Fully revised to reflect new advances and information throughout, the Second Edition of Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition presents current, authoritative information on all aspects of small companion animal nutrition. The book provides clinically oriented solutions for integrating nutrition into clinical practice, with introductory chapters covering the foundation and science behind the recommendations and extensive references for further reading in every chapter.
With contributions from more than 25 leading veterinary nutritionists, Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition covers topics such as:
* Integration of nutrition into clinical practice, basic nutrition, energy requirements, and pet food regulations in North America and Europe that also apply to many other regions
* Using and reviewing pet food labels and product guides, feeding the healthy dog and cat, and abridged clinical nutrition topics for companion avian species & small mammals
* Commercial and home-prepared diets, and nutritional management of body weight and orthopedic, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases
* Nutritional management of exocrine, hepatobiliary, kidney, lower urinary tract, endocrine, cardiovascular, and oncological diseases as well as enteral and parenteral nutrition
A valuable resource on the principles of small animal nutrition and feeding practices in health or disease, Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition is a widely trusted and practical daily reference for veterinary practitioners including specialists, residents, and students seeking expert information on feeding their canine, feline, avian, and small mammalian patients.
Über den Autor
The Editors
Andrea J. Fascetti, VMD, PhD, DACVIM (SAIM & Nutrition), is a Professor of Nutrition at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California, Davis, in Davis, California, USA.
Sean J. Delaney, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Nutrition), is the Founder at Balance It(R), a DBA of Davis Veterinary Medical Consulting, Inc. in Davis, California, USA.
Jennifer A. Larsen, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM (Nutrition), is a Professor of Clinical Nutrition at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis in Davis, California, USA.
Cecilia Villaverde, BVSc, PhD, DACVIM (Nutrition), DECVCN, is a small animal nutrition consultant at Expert Pet Nutrition and VIN (Veterinary Information Network).
Inhaltsverzeichnis
List of Contributors xx
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxiv
1 Integration of Nutrition into Clinical Practice 1
Sean J. Delaney, Andrea J. Fascetti, Jennifer A. Larsen, and Paul Brentson
Introduction 1
Average Revenue from Food Sales and the Potential 1
Strategies to Increase Product Sales 2
Recommending an Effective Therapeutic Food 2
Establishing Expectations 2
Performing a Nutritional Assessment 3
Monitoring Patient Response 3
Providing a Variety of Options 3
Recommending Therapeutic Treats 4
Recommending Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements 4
Creating or Increasing Revenue from Nutritional Advice 4
Nutritional Advice for Healthy Patients 5
Nutritional Advice for Unhealthy Patients 7
References 7
2 Basic Nutrition Overview 8
Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti
Energy 8
Energy Requirements 9
Essential Nutrients 9
Protein and Amino Acids 10
Fat 12
Carbohydrates 13
Minerals 13
Macrominerals 13
Trace Minerals (Microminerals) 14
Vitamins 14
Water Soluble 14
Fat Soluble 14
Storage Pools for Essential Nutrients 15
Essential Nutrient Deficiency Signs and Clinically Available or Relevant Methods of Assessing Nutrient Status 15
Protein 16
Amino Acids 16
Arginine 16
Histidine 16
Isoleucine 16
Leucine 16
Lysine 16
Methionine (Spared by Cystine) 16
Phenylalanine (Spared by Tyrosine) 17
Threonine 17
Tryptophan 17
Valine 17
Taurine 17
Fat 17
Linoleic Acid 17
Arachidonic Acid (Cat, Not Dog) 18
Minerals 18
Macrominerals (Typically Required at 100 mg/Mcal) 18
Calcium 18
Phosphorus 18
Magnesium 18
Sodium 18
Potassium 18
Chloride 19
Microminerals (Typically Required at
Iron 19
Copper 19
Zinc 19
Manganese 19
Selenium 19
Iodine 19
Vitamins 20
Fat-Soluble Vitamins 20
Vitamin A 20
Vitamin d 20
Vitamin E 20
Vitamin K 20
Water-Soluble Vitamins 20
Thiamin, Vitamin B 1 20
Riboflavin, Vitamin B 2 21
Pyridoxine, Vitamin B 6 21
Niacin, Vitamin B 3 21
Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B 5 21
Cobalamin, Vitamin B 12 21
Folic Acid, Vitamin B 9 22
Biotin, Vitamin H or B 7 22
Choline 22
Diagnostic and Food Analysis Laboratories and Diet Computer Analysis 25
Nutrient Requirements 25
Key Clinical Nutritional Excesses and Signs 26
Additional Education on Nutrition 27
References 27
3 Determining Energy Requirements 29
Jon J. Ramsey
Units 29
Basic Concepts and Terminology 30
Diet Records or History 32
Calculating the Energy Content of a Diet 33
Practical Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Content of Dog and Cat Foods 37
Calculating Energy Requirement from Body Weight 39
Methods of Determining Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 39
Methods of Calculating Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 42
Energy Requirements for Maintenance 42
Example Calculation 47
Example Calculation 48
Example Calculation 48
Energy Requirements for Growth 48
Example Calculation 50
Energy Requirements for Pregnancy and Lactation 51
Example Calculation 52
Calculating Energy Requirements in States of Disease 53
Summary 55
References 56
4 Nutritional and Energy Requirements for Performance 58
Richard C. Hill
How Much Should Exercising Dogs Be Fed? 58
Energy Requirements for Performance and Work 59
Types of Exercise and Nutrient Requirements 62
The Importance of Training 64
Nutritional Recommendations for Dogs Undertaking Different Types of Exercise 64
Long-Distance Submaximal Aerobic Exercise 65
Short-Distance Supramaximal Anaerobic Exercise 66
Fluid and Electrolyte Requirements, Hydration, and "Sports Drinks" 67
Antioxidants 68
Other Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Essential Nutrients 68
Other Nutritional Supplements 68
Time of Feeding 69
Summary 69
References 69
5 Pet Food and Supplement Regulations: Practical Implications 72
David A. Dzanis and Isabel Marzo
US Regulation 72
US Regulation of Pet Foods and Supplements 72
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 72
US Regulatory Oversight 73
General Labeling Requirements 74
Labeling Claims 77
Descriptive Terms 77
Supplements 78
Therapeutic Pet Foods 79
Dog Chews 83
Summary [...]opean Union Regulation 83
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 84
General Pet Food Regulations 85
Complementary Pet Food: Composition, Uses, and Labeling 86
Feed Additives 87
Claims 87
Labeling 87
Dietetic Pet Food 90
Practical Implications 95
Summary 96
References 96
6 Using Pet Food Labels and Product Guides 98
Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti
"Reading" a Pet Food Label 98
Overview of Regulatory Oversight 98
Principal Display Panel or Front Display Panel 98
Product Name 99
Back Panel 99
Nutritional Adequacy 100
Ingredient Declaration 100
Nutrient Concentrations or Guaranteed Analysis 101
Company's Contact Information 101
Feeding Directions or Guidelines 101
Calorie Content 101
Caloric Distribution Calculation 102
Using Product Brochures and Guides 103
Converting Nutrient Concentrations to a Dry Matter Basis 103
Converting Nutrient Concentrations to an Energy Basis 104
Converting to Other Units 104
Product Guide Recommendations for Conditions and Diseases 104
Summary 105
Recommended Resources 105
7 Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 106
Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney
Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 108
How Much to Feed 108
When and How to Feed 112
Free-Choice (Ad Libitum, Self-Feeding) 112
Time-Restricted Meal Feeding 113
Portion-Controlled Feeding 113
Snacks and Treats 113
Jerky Treats and Fanconi Syndrome in Dogs 115
What to Feed 116
Feeding Guidelines for Different Life Stages 117
Gestation and Lactation 117
Cats 117
Dogs 118
Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation 119
Assessment 119
Growth 119
Orphan Kittens and Puppies 119
Assessment 120
Weaning to Adult 120
Kittens 120
Puppies 120
Neutering and the Prevention of Weight Gain in Kittens and Puppies 121
Assessment 122
Adult Cats and Dogs 122
Assessment 122
Senior Dogs and Cats 122
Physiological Changes Associated with Aging 123
Nutrient Requirements of Older Pets 126
Feeding Recommendations for Mature Dogs and Cats 128
Summary 129
References 129
8 Commercial and Home-Prepared Diets 136
Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney
Introduction 136
Commercial Diets 136
Types of Pet Foods 136
Dry Food 136
Moist Foods 137
Semi-Moist Foods 137
Raw 138
Terminology 138
Market Segments 140
Commercial Dog and Cat Diet Formulation and Considerations 140
Ingredient Database Population 140
Ingredient Safety and Legality First 140
Ingredient Regulatory Considerations 141
Ingredient Availability and Cost 141
Establishing Reliable Nutrient Profiles for Ingredients 142
Ingredient Procurement 143
Sustainability 143
Consistency 143
Ingredient Declaration 144
Formulation Software 144
Options 144
Limitations 145
Equipment 145
Extruder 145
Canning/Retorting Line 146
Availability of Pilot Plant or Line 146
Guaranteed Analysis Target 146
Ingredient Declaration Order 147
Functionality 147
Shelf Life 147
Palatability 148
Least Cost 148
Stool Quality and Digestibility 149
Labeling 149
Continuous Improvement 149
Home-Prepared Diets 150
Nutritional Adequacy 150
Managing Patients Using Home-Prepared Diets 154
Protein and Amino Acids 154
Fatty Acids 155
Carbohydrates 156
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements 156
General Considerations 156
Assessment while on a Home-Prepared Diet 158
Raw Food Feeding 158
Summary 160
References 160
9 Nutritional Management of Body Weight 163
Kathryn E. Michel and Robert C. Backus
The Health Consequences of Overweightness and Obesity 164
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Canine Orthopedic Disease 164
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Feline Diabetes Mellitus 164
Additional Health Risks of Obesity in Dogs and Cats 165
Increasing Awareness of Overweightness and Obesity 165
Targeting Optimal Weight 166
Body Condition Scoring 166
Understanding the Risk Factors for Weight Gain 170
Accurate Accounting of Caloric Intake 171
Formulation of the Weight-Loss Plan 172
Dietary Considerations 173
Exercise 176
Tailoring the Program to the Patient 176
Assessment of the Weight-Loss Plan 177
Safety and Efficacy of Weight-Loss Programs for Companion Animals 177
Adjustment of the Weight-Loss Plan 178
Summary 180
References 180
10 Nutritional Management of Orthopedic Diseases 186
Herman Hazewinkel
Bone Composition and Calciotropic Hormones 186
Chemical Composition of Bone 187
Mineral Composition During Growth 188
Hormonal Regulation of Calcium 189
The Role of Nutrition During Skeletal Growth and Development 192
Energy 192
Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin d 193
Calcium Deficiency 193
Phosphorus Deficiency 198
Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets or Hypovitaminosis D) 198
Deficiency of Other Trace Minerals 201
Calcium Excess (Alimentary Hypercalcitoninism) 201
Vitamin D Excess 205
Vitamin A Excess 206
Nutrient Requirements for Skeletal Maintenance in Adult Animals 208
Implementation of Nutrition in Clinical Orthopedics 210
Influence of Nutrition in the Occurrence of Orthopedic Diseases 211
Elbow Dysplasias 211
Role of Nutrition in Elbow Dysplasias 212
Hip Dysplasia 213
Nutritional Influences Seen in Hip Dysplasia 214
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (or Metaphyseal Osteopathy) in Dogs 216
Prevention of Nutritionally Related Orthopedic Diseases 217
Diets to Support Treatment of Patients with Osteoarthrosis 218
Causative Role of Nutrition 219
Therapeutic Role of Nutrition 220
Osteoarthrosis in Cats 225
Summary 226
References 226
11 Nutritional Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases 235
Nick Cave, Sean J. Delaney, and Jennifer A. Larsen
Key Dietary Variables 235
Protein 235
Glutamine 236
Fat 236
Fiber and Prebiosis 237
Fiber Viscosity 239
Fiber as a Luminal Adsorbent 239
Fiber Fermentability 240
Effects of Short-Chain Volatile Fatty Acids on the Colon 240
Effects of Butyrate on Intestinal Immunity 241
Effect of Fiber on Intestinal Flora: Prebiosis 241
Choice of Fiber 242
Immune Response to Dietary Antigens...
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxiv
1 Integration of Nutrition into Clinical Practice 1
Sean J. Delaney, Andrea J. Fascetti, Jennifer A. Larsen, and Paul Brentson
Introduction 1
Average Revenue from Food Sales and the Potential 1
Strategies to Increase Product Sales 2
Recommending an Effective Therapeutic Food 2
Establishing Expectations 2
Performing a Nutritional Assessment 3
Monitoring Patient Response 3
Providing a Variety of Options 3
Recommending Therapeutic Treats 4
Recommending Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements 4
Creating or Increasing Revenue from Nutritional Advice 4
Nutritional Advice for Healthy Patients 5
Nutritional Advice for Unhealthy Patients 7
References 7
2 Basic Nutrition Overview 8
Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti
Energy 8
Energy Requirements 9
Essential Nutrients 9
Protein and Amino Acids 10
Fat 12
Carbohydrates 13
Minerals 13
Macrominerals 13
Trace Minerals (Microminerals) 14
Vitamins 14
Water Soluble 14
Fat Soluble 14
Storage Pools for Essential Nutrients 15
Essential Nutrient Deficiency Signs and Clinically Available or Relevant Methods of Assessing Nutrient Status 15
Protein 16
Amino Acids 16
Arginine 16
Histidine 16
Isoleucine 16
Leucine 16
Lysine 16
Methionine (Spared by Cystine) 16
Phenylalanine (Spared by Tyrosine) 17
Threonine 17
Tryptophan 17
Valine 17
Taurine 17
Fat 17
Linoleic Acid 17
Arachidonic Acid (Cat, Not Dog) 18
Minerals 18
Macrominerals (Typically Required at 100 mg/Mcal) 18
Calcium 18
Phosphorus 18
Magnesium 18
Sodium 18
Potassium 18
Chloride 19
Microminerals (Typically Required at
Iron 19
Copper 19
Zinc 19
Manganese 19
Selenium 19
Iodine 19
Vitamins 20
Fat-Soluble Vitamins 20
Vitamin A 20
Vitamin d 20
Vitamin E 20
Vitamin K 20
Water-Soluble Vitamins 20
Thiamin, Vitamin B 1 20
Riboflavin, Vitamin B 2 21
Pyridoxine, Vitamin B 6 21
Niacin, Vitamin B 3 21
Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B 5 21
Cobalamin, Vitamin B 12 21
Folic Acid, Vitamin B 9 22
Biotin, Vitamin H or B 7 22
Choline 22
Diagnostic and Food Analysis Laboratories and Diet Computer Analysis 25
Nutrient Requirements 25
Key Clinical Nutritional Excesses and Signs 26
Additional Education on Nutrition 27
References 27
3 Determining Energy Requirements 29
Jon J. Ramsey
Units 29
Basic Concepts and Terminology 30
Diet Records or History 32
Calculating the Energy Content of a Diet 33
Practical Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Content of Dog and Cat Foods 37
Calculating Energy Requirement from Body Weight 39
Methods of Determining Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 39
Methods of Calculating Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 42
Energy Requirements for Maintenance 42
Example Calculation 47
Example Calculation 48
Example Calculation 48
Energy Requirements for Growth 48
Example Calculation 50
Energy Requirements for Pregnancy and Lactation 51
Example Calculation 52
Calculating Energy Requirements in States of Disease 53
Summary 55
References 56
4 Nutritional and Energy Requirements for Performance 58
Richard C. Hill
How Much Should Exercising Dogs Be Fed? 58
Energy Requirements for Performance and Work 59
Types of Exercise and Nutrient Requirements 62
The Importance of Training 64
Nutritional Recommendations for Dogs Undertaking Different Types of Exercise 64
Long-Distance Submaximal Aerobic Exercise 65
Short-Distance Supramaximal Anaerobic Exercise 66
Fluid and Electrolyte Requirements, Hydration, and "Sports Drinks" 67
Antioxidants 68
Other Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Essential Nutrients 68
Other Nutritional Supplements 68
Time of Feeding 69
Summary 69
References 69
5 Pet Food and Supplement Regulations: Practical Implications 72
David A. Dzanis and Isabel Marzo
US Regulation 72
US Regulation of Pet Foods and Supplements 72
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 72
US Regulatory Oversight 73
General Labeling Requirements 74
Labeling Claims 77
Descriptive Terms 77
Supplements 78
Therapeutic Pet Foods 79
Dog Chews 83
Summary [...]opean Union Regulation 83
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 84
General Pet Food Regulations 85
Complementary Pet Food: Composition, Uses, and Labeling 86
Feed Additives 87
Claims 87
Labeling 87
Dietetic Pet Food 90
Practical Implications 95
Summary 96
References 96
6 Using Pet Food Labels and Product Guides 98
Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti
"Reading" a Pet Food Label 98
Overview of Regulatory Oversight 98
Principal Display Panel or Front Display Panel 98
Product Name 99
Back Panel 99
Nutritional Adequacy 100
Ingredient Declaration 100
Nutrient Concentrations or Guaranteed Analysis 101
Company's Contact Information 101
Feeding Directions or Guidelines 101
Calorie Content 101
Caloric Distribution Calculation 102
Using Product Brochures and Guides 103
Converting Nutrient Concentrations to a Dry Matter Basis 103
Converting Nutrient Concentrations to an Energy Basis 104
Converting to Other Units 104
Product Guide Recommendations for Conditions and Diseases 104
Summary 105
Recommended Resources 105
7 Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 106
Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney
Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 108
How Much to Feed 108
When and How to Feed 112
Free-Choice (Ad Libitum, Self-Feeding) 112
Time-Restricted Meal Feeding 113
Portion-Controlled Feeding 113
Snacks and Treats 113
Jerky Treats and Fanconi Syndrome in Dogs 115
What to Feed 116
Feeding Guidelines for Different Life Stages 117
Gestation and Lactation 117
Cats 117
Dogs 118
Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation 119
Assessment 119
Growth 119
Orphan Kittens and Puppies 119
Assessment 120
Weaning to Adult 120
Kittens 120
Puppies 120
Neutering and the Prevention of Weight Gain in Kittens and Puppies 121
Assessment 122
Adult Cats and Dogs 122
Assessment 122
Senior Dogs and Cats 122
Physiological Changes Associated with Aging 123
Nutrient Requirements of Older Pets 126
Feeding Recommendations for Mature Dogs and Cats 128
Summary 129
References 129
8 Commercial and Home-Prepared Diets 136
Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney
Introduction 136
Commercial Diets 136
Types of Pet Foods 136
Dry Food 136
Moist Foods 137
Semi-Moist Foods 137
Raw 138
Terminology 138
Market Segments 140
Commercial Dog and Cat Diet Formulation and Considerations 140
Ingredient Database Population 140
Ingredient Safety and Legality First 140
Ingredient Regulatory Considerations 141
Ingredient Availability and Cost 141
Establishing Reliable Nutrient Profiles for Ingredients 142
Ingredient Procurement 143
Sustainability 143
Consistency 143
Ingredient Declaration 144
Formulation Software 144
Options 144
Limitations 145
Equipment 145
Extruder 145
Canning/Retorting Line 146
Availability of Pilot Plant or Line 146
Guaranteed Analysis Target 146
Ingredient Declaration Order 147
Functionality 147
Shelf Life 147
Palatability 148
Least Cost 148
Stool Quality and Digestibility 149
Labeling 149
Continuous Improvement 149
Home-Prepared Diets 150
Nutritional Adequacy 150
Managing Patients Using Home-Prepared Diets 154
Protein and Amino Acids 154
Fatty Acids 155
Carbohydrates 156
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements 156
General Considerations 156
Assessment while on a Home-Prepared Diet 158
Raw Food Feeding 158
Summary 160
References 160
9 Nutritional Management of Body Weight 163
Kathryn E. Michel and Robert C. Backus
The Health Consequences of Overweightness and Obesity 164
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Canine Orthopedic Disease 164
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Feline Diabetes Mellitus 164
Additional Health Risks of Obesity in Dogs and Cats 165
Increasing Awareness of Overweightness and Obesity 165
Targeting Optimal Weight 166
Body Condition Scoring 166
Understanding the Risk Factors for Weight Gain 170
Accurate Accounting of Caloric Intake 171
Formulation of the Weight-Loss Plan 172
Dietary Considerations 173
Exercise 176
Tailoring the Program to the Patient 176
Assessment of the Weight-Loss Plan 177
Safety and Efficacy of Weight-Loss Programs for Companion Animals 177
Adjustment of the Weight-Loss Plan 178
Summary 180
References 180
10 Nutritional Management of Orthopedic Diseases 186
Herman Hazewinkel
Bone Composition and Calciotropic Hormones 186
Chemical Composition of Bone 187
Mineral Composition During Growth 188
Hormonal Regulation of Calcium 189
The Role of Nutrition During Skeletal Growth and Development 192
Energy 192
Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin d 193
Calcium Deficiency 193
Phosphorus Deficiency 198
Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets or Hypovitaminosis D) 198
Deficiency of Other Trace Minerals 201
Calcium Excess (Alimentary Hypercalcitoninism) 201
Vitamin D Excess 205
Vitamin A Excess 206
Nutrient Requirements for Skeletal Maintenance in Adult Animals 208
Implementation of Nutrition in Clinical Orthopedics 210
Influence of Nutrition in the Occurrence of Orthopedic Diseases 211
Elbow Dysplasias 211
Role of Nutrition in Elbow Dysplasias 212
Hip Dysplasia 213
Nutritional Influences Seen in Hip Dysplasia 214
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (or Metaphyseal Osteopathy) in Dogs 216
Prevention of Nutritionally Related Orthopedic Diseases 217
Diets to Support Treatment of Patients with Osteoarthrosis 218
Causative Role of Nutrition 219
Therapeutic Role of Nutrition 220
Osteoarthrosis in Cats 225
Summary 226
References 226
11 Nutritional Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases 235
Nick Cave, Sean J. Delaney, and Jennifer A. Larsen
Key Dietary Variables 235
Protein 235
Glutamine 236
Fat 236
Fiber and Prebiosis 237
Fiber Viscosity 239
Fiber as a Luminal Adsorbent 239
Fiber Fermentability 240
Effects of Short-Chain Volatile Fatty Acids on the Colon 240
Effects of Butyrate on Intestinal Immunity 241
Effect of Fiber on Intestinal Flora: Prebiosis 241
Choice of Fiber 242
Immune Response to Dietary Antigens...
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2023 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Tiermedizin |
| Genre: | Medizin |
| Rubrik: | Wissenschaften |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Seiten: | 656 |
| Inhalt: | 656 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119375142 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119375142 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1A119375140 |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Redaktion: |
Fascetti, Andrea J.
Villaverde, Cecilia Larsen, Jennifer A. Delaney, Sean J. |
| Herausgeber: | Andrea J Fascetti/Sean J Delaney/Jennifer A Larsen et al |
| Hersteller: | John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
| Maße: | 243 x 174 x 27 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Andrea J. Fascetti (u. a.) |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 31.08.2023 |
| Gewicht: | 1,529 kg |
Über den Autor
The Editors
Andrea J. Fascetti, VMD, PhD, DACVIM (SAIM & Nutrition), is a Professor of Nutrition at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California, Davis, in Davis, California, USA.
Sean J. Delaney, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Nutrition), is the Founder at Balance It(R), a DBA of Davis Veterinary Medical Consulting, Inc. in Davis, California, USA.
Jennifer A. Larsen, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM (Nutrition), is a Professor of Clinical Nutrition at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis in Davis, California, USA.
Cecilia Villaverde, BVSc, PhD, DACVIM (Nutrition), DECVCN, is a small animal nutrition consultant at Expert Pet Nutrition and VIN (Veterinary Information Network).
Inhaltsverzeichnis
List of Contributors xx
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxiv
1 Integration of Nutrition into Clinical Practice 1
Sean J. Delaney, Andrea J. Fascetti, Jennifer A. Larsen, and Paul Brentson
Introduction 1
Average Revenue from Food Sales and the Potential 1
Strategies to Increase Product Sales 2
Recommending an Effective Therapeutic Food 2
Establishing Expectations 2
Performing a Nutritional Assessment 3
Monitoring Patient Response 3
Providing a Variety of Options 3
Recommending Therapeutic Treats 4
Recommending Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements 4
Creating or Increasing Revenue from Nutritional Advice 4
Nutritional Advice for Healthy Patients 5
Nutritional Advice for Unhealthy Patients 7
References 7
2 Basic Nutrition Overview 8
Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti
Energy 8
Energy Requirements 9
Essential Nutrients 9
Protein and Amino Acids 10
Fat 12
Carbohydrates 13
Minerals 13
Macrominerals 13
Trace Minerals (Microminerals) 14
Vitamins 14
Water Soluble 14
Fat Soluble 14
Storage Pools for Essential Nutrients 15
Essential Nutrient Deficiency Signs and Clinically Available or Relevant Methods of Assessing Nutrient Status 15
Protein 16
Amino Acids 16
Arginine 16
Histidine 16
Isoleucine 16
Leucine 16
Lysine 16
Methionine (Spared by Cystine) 16
Phenylalanine (Spared by Tyrosine) 17
Threonine 17
Tryptophan 17
Valine 17
Taurine 17
Fat 17
Linoleic Acid 17
Arachidonic Acid (Cat, Not Dog) 18
Minerals 18
Macrominerals (Typically Required at 100 mg/Mcal) 18
Calcium 18
Phosphorus 18
Magnesium 18
Sodium 18
Potassium 18
Chloride 19
Microminerals (Typically Required at
Iron 19
Copper 19
Zinc 19
Manganese 19
Selenium 19
Iodine 19
Vitamins 20
Fat-Soluble Vitamins 20
Vitamin A 20
Vitamin d 20
Vitamin E 20
Vitamin K 20
Water-Soluble Vitamins 20
Thiamin, Vitamin B 1 20
Riboflavin, Vitamin B 2 21
Pyridoxine, Vitamin B 6 21
Niacin, Vitamin B 3 21
Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B 5 21
Cobalamin, Vitamin B 12 21
Folic Acid, Vitamin B 9 22
Biotin, Vitamin H or B 7 22
Choline 22
Diagnostic and Food Analysis Laboratories and Diet Computer Analysis 25
Nutrient Requirements 25
Key Clinical Nutritional Excesses and Signs 26
Additional Education on Nutrition 27
References 27
3 Determining Energy Requirements 29
Jon J. Ramsey
Units 29
Basic Concepts and Terminology 30
Diet Records or History 32
Calculating the Energy Content of a Diet 33
Practical Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Content of Dog and Cat Foods 37
Calculating Energy Requirement from Body Weight 39
Methods of Determining Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 39
Methods of Calculating Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 42
Energy Requirements for Maintenance 42
Example Calculation 47
Example Calculation 48
Example Calculation 48
Energy Requirements for Growth 48
Example Calculation 50
Energy Requirements for Pregnancy and Lactation 51
Example Calculation 52
Calculating Energy Requirements in States of Disease 53
Summary 55
References 56
4 Nutritional and Energy Requirements for Performance 58
Richard C. Hill
How Much Should Exercising Dogs Be Fed? 58
Energy Requirements for Performance and Work 59
Types of Exercise and Nutrient Requirements 62
The Importance of Training 64
Nutritional Recommendations for Dogs Undertaking Different Types of Exercise 64
Long-Distance Submaximal Aerobic Exercise 65
Short-Distance Supramaximal Anaerobic Exercise 66
Fluid and Electrolyte Requirements, Hydration, and "Sports Drinks" 67
Antioxidants 68
Other Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Essential Nutrients 68
Other Nutritional Supplements 68
Time of Feeding 69
Summary 69
References 69
5 Pet Food and Supplement Regulations: Practical Implications 72
David A. Dzanis and Isabel Marzo
US Regulation 72
US Regulation of Pet Foods and Supplements 72
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 72
US Regulatory Oversight 73
General Labeling Requirements 74
Labeling Claims 77
Descriptive Terms 77
Supplements 78
Therapeutic Pet Foods 79
Dog Chews 83
Summary [...]opean Union Regulation 83
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 84
General Pet Food Regulations 85
Complementary Pet Food: Composition, Uses, and Labeling 86
Feed Additives 87
Claims 87
Labeling 87
Dietetic Pet Food 90
Practical Implications 95
Summary 96
References 96
6 Using Pet Food Labels and Product Guides 98
Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti
"Reading" a Pet Food Label 98
Overview of Regulatory Oversight 98
Principal Display Panel or Front Display Panel 98
Product Name 99
Back Panel 99
Nutritional Adequacy 100
Ingredient Declaration 100
Nutrient Concentrations or Guaranteed Analysis 101
Company's Contact Information 101
Feeding Directions or Guidelines 101
Calorie Content 101
Caloric Distribution Calculation 102
Using Product Brochures and Guides 103
Converting Nutrient Concentrations to a Dry Matter Basis 103
Converting Nutrient Concentrations to an Energy Basis 104
Converting to Other Units 104
Product Guide Recommendations for Conditions and Diseases 104
Summary 105
Recommended Resources 105
7 Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 106
Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney
Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 108
How Much to Feed 108
When and How to Feed 112
Free-Choice (Ad Libitum, Self-Feeding) 112
Time-Restricted Meal Feeding 113
Portion-Controlled Feeding 113
Snacks and Treats 113
Jerky Treats and Fanconi Syndrome in Dogs 115
What to Feed 116
Feeding Guidelines for Different Life Stages 117
Gestation and Lactation 117
Cats 117
Dogs 118
Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation 119
Assessment 119
Growth 119
Orphan Kittens and Puppies 119
Assessment 120
Weaning to Adult 120
Kittens 120
Puppies 120
Neutering and the Prevention of Weight Gain in Kittens and Puppies 121
Assessment 122
Adult Cats and Dogs 122
Assessment 122
Senior Dogs and Cats 122
Physiological Changes Associated with Aging 123
Nutrient Requirements of Older Pets 126
Feeding Recommendations for Mature Dogs and Cats 128
Summary 129
References 129
8 Commercial and Home-Prepared Diets 136
Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney
Introduction 136
Commercial Diets 136
Types of Pet Foods 136
Dry Food 136
Moist Foods 137
Semi-Moist Foods 137
Raw 138
Terminology 138
Market Segments 140
Commercial Dog and Cat Diet Formulation and Considerations 140
Ingredient Database Population 140
Ingredient Safety and Legality First 140
Ingredient Regulatory Considerations 141
Ingredient Availability and Cost 141
Establishing Reliable Nutrient Profiles for Ingredients 142
Ingredient Procurement 143
Sustainability 143
Consistency 143
Ingredient Declaration 144
Formulation Software 144
Options 144
Limitations 145
Equipment 145
Extruder 145
Canning/Retorting Line 146
Availability of Pilot Plant or Line 146
Guaranteed Analysis Target 146
Ingredient Declaration Order 147
Functionality 147
Shelf Life 147
Palatability 148
Least Cost 148
Stool Quality and Digestibility 149
Labeling 149
Continuous Improvement 149
Home-Prepared Diets 150
Nutritional Adequacy 150
Managing Patients Using Home-Prepared Diets 154
Protein and Amino Acids 154
Fatty Acids 155
Carbohydrates 156
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements 156
General Considerations 156
Assessment while on a Home-Prepared Diet 158
Raw Food Feeding 158
Summary 160
References 160
9 Nutritional Management of Body Weight 163
Kathryn E. Michel and Robert C. Backus
The Health Consequences of Overweightness and Obesity 164
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Canine Orthopedic Disease 164
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Feline Diabetes Mellitus 164
Additional Health Risks of Obesity in Dogs and Cats 165
Increasing Awareness of Overweightness and Obesity 165
Targeting Optimal Weight 166
Body Condition Scoring 166
Understanding the Risk Factors for Weight Gain 170
Accurate Accounting of Caloric Intake 171
Formulation of the Weight-Loss Plan 172
Dietary Considerations 173
Exercise 176
Tailoring the Program to the Patient 176
Assessment of the Weight-Loss Plan 177
Safety and Efficacy of Weight-Loss Programs for Companion Animals 177
Adjustment of the Weight-Loss Plan 178
Summary 180
References 180
10 Nutritional Management of Orthopedic Diseases 186
Herman Hazewinkel
Bone Composition and Calciotropic Hormones 186
Chemical Composition of Bone 187
Mineral Composition During Growth 188
Hormonal Regulation of Calcium 189
The Role of Nutrition During Skeletal Growth and Development 192
Energy 192
Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin d 193
Calcium Deficiency 193
Phosphorus Deficiency 198
Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets or Hypovitaminosis D) 198
Deficiency of Other Trace Minerals 201
Calcium Excess (Alimentary Hypercalcitoninism) 201
Vitamin D Excess 205
Vitamin A Excess 206
Nutrient Requirements for Skeletal Maintenance in Adult Animals 208
Implementation of Nutrition in Clinical Orthopedics 210
Influence of Nutrition in the Occurrence of Orthopedic Diseases 211
Elbow Dysplasias 211
Role of Nutrition in Elbow Dysplasias 212
Hip Dysplasia 213
Nutritional Influences Seen in Hip Dysplasia 214
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (or Metaphyseal Osteopathy) in Dogs 216
Prevention of Nutritionally Related Orthopedic Diseases 217
Diets to Support Treatment of Patients with Osteoarthrosis 218
Causative Role of Nutrition 219
Therapeutic Role of Nutrition 220
Osteoarthrosis in Cats 225
Summary 226
References 226
11 Nutritional Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases 235
Nick Cave, Sean J. Delaney, and Jennifer A. Larsen
Key Dietary Variables 235
Protein 235
Glutamine 236
Fat 236
Fiber and Prebiosis 237
Fiber Viscosity 239
Fiber as a Luminal Adsorbent 239
Fiber Fermentability 240
Effects of Short-Chain Volatile Fatty Acids on the Colon 240
Effects of Butyrate on Intestinal Immunity 241
Effect of Fiber on Intestinal Flora: Prebiosis 241
Choice of Fiber 242
Immune Response to Dietary Antigens...
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxiv
1 Integration of Nutrition into Clinical Practice 1
Sean J. Delaney, Andrea J. Fascetti, Jennifer A. Larsen, and Paul Brentson
Introduction 1
Average Revenue from Food Sales and the Potential 1
Strategies to Increase Product Sales 2
Recommending an Effective Therapeutic Food 2
Establishing Expectations 2
Performing a Nutritional Assessment 3
Monitoring Patient Response 3
Providing a Variety of Options 3
Recommending Therapeutic Treats 4
Recommending Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements 4
Creating or Increasing Revenue from Nutritional Advice 4
Nutritional Advice for Healthy Patients 5
Nutritional Advice for Unhealthy Patients 7
References 7
2 Basic Nutrition Overview 8
Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti
Energy 8
Energy Requirements 9
Essential Nutrients 9
Protein and Amino Acids 10
Fat 12
Carbohydrates 13
Minerals 13
Macrominerals 13
Trace Minerals (Microminerals) 14
Vitamins 14
Water Soluble 14
Fat Soluble 14
Storage Pools for Essential Nutrients 15
Essential Nutrient Deficiency Signs and Clinically Available or Relevant Methods of Assessing Nutrient Status 15
Protein 16
Amino Acids 16
Arginine 16
Histidine 16
Isoleucine 16
Leucine 16
Lysine 16
Methionine (Spared by Cystine) 16
Phenylalanine (Spared by Tyrosine) 17
Threonine 17
Tryptophan 17
Valine 17
Taurine 17
Fat 17
Linoleic Acid 17
Arachidonic Acid (Cat, Not Dog) 18
Minerals 18
Macrominerals (Typically Required at 100 mg/Mcal) 18
Calcium 18
Phosphorus 18
Magnesium 18
Sodium 18
Potassium 18
Chloride 19
Microminerals (Typically Required at
Iron 19
Copper 19
Zinc 19
Manganese 19
Selenium 19
Iodine 19
Vitamins 20
Fat-Soluble Vitamins 20
Vitamin A 20
Vitamin d 20
Vitamin E 20
Vitamin K 20
Water-Soluble Vitamins 20
Thiamin, Vitamin B 1 20
Riboflavin, Vitamin B 2 21
Pyridoxine, Vitamin B 6 21
Niacin, Vitamin B 3 21
Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B 5 21
Cobalamin, Vitamin B 12 21
Folic Acid, Vitamin B 9 22
Biotin, Vitamin H or B 7 22
Choline 22
Diagnostic and Food Analysis Laboratories and Diet Computer Analysis 25
Nutrient Requirements 25
Key Clinical Nutritional Excesses and Signs 26
Additional Education on Nutrition 27
References 27
3 Determining Energy Requirements 29
Jon J. Ramsey
Units 29
Basic Concepts and Terminology 30
Diet Records or History 32
Calculating the Energy Content of a Diet 33
Practical Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Content of Dog and Cat Foods 37
Calculating Energy Requirement from Body Weight 39
Methods of Determining Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 39
Methods of Calculating Energy Expenditure and Energy Requirements 42
Energy Requirements for Maintenance 42
Example Calculation 47
Example Calculation 48
Example Calculation 48
Energy Requirements for Growth 48
Example Calculation 50
Energy Requirements for Pregnancy and Lactation 51
Example Calculation 52
Calculating Energy Requirements in States of Disease 53
Summary 55
References 56
4 Nutritional and Energy Requirements for Performance 58
Richard C. Hill
How Much Should Exercising Dogs Be Fed? 58
Energy Requirements for Performance and Work 59
Types of Exercise and Nutrient Requirements 62
The Importance of Training 64
Nutritional Recommendations for Dogs Undertaking Different Types of Exercise 64
Long-Distance Submaximal Aerobic Exercise 65
Short-Distance Supramaximal Anaerobic Exercise 66
Fluid and Electrolyte Requirements, Hydration, and "Sports Drinks" 67
Antioxidants 68
Other Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Essential Nutrients 68
Other Nutritional Supplements 68
Time of Feeding 69
Summary 69
References 69
5 Pet Food and Supplement Regulations: Practical Implications 72
David A. Dzanis and Isabel Marzo
US Regulation 72
US Regulation of Pet Foods and Supplements 72
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 72
US Regulatory Oversight 73
General Labeling Requirements 74
Labeling Claims 77
Descriptive Terms 77
Supplements 78
Therapeutic Pet Foods 79
Dog Chews 83
Summary [...]opean Union Regulation 83
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 84
General Pet Food Regulations 85
Complementary Pet Food: Composition, Uses, and Labeling 86
Feed Additives 87
Claims 87
Labeling 87
Dietetic Pet Food 90
Practical Implications 95
Summary 96
References 96
6 Using Pet Food Labels and Product Guides 98
Sean J. Delaney and Andrea J. Fascetti
"Reading" a Pet Food Label 98
Overview of Regulatory Oversight 98
Principal Display Panel or Front Display Panel 98
Product Name 99
Back Panel 99
Nutritional Adequacy 100
Ingredient Declaration 100
Nutrient Concentrations or Guaranteed Analysis 101
Company's Contact Information 101
Feeding Directions or Guidelines 101
Calorie Content 101
Caloric Distribution Calculation 102
Using Product Brochures and Guides 103
Converting Nutrient Concentrations to a Dry Matter Basis 103
Converting Nutrient Concentrations to an Energy Basis 104
Converting to Other Units 104
Product Guide Recommendations for Conditions and Diseases 104
Summary 105
Recommended Resources 105
7 Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 106
Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney
Feeding the Healthy Dog and Cat 108
How Much to Feed 108
When and How to Feed 112
Free-Choice (Ad Libitum, Self-Feeding) 112
Time-Restricted Meal Feeding 113
Portion-Controlled Feeding 113
Snacks and Treats 113
Jerky Treats and Fanconi Syndrome in Dogs 115
What to Feed 116
Feeding Guidelines for Different Life Stages 117
Gestation and Lactation 117
Cats 117
Dogs 118
Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation 119
Assessment 119
Growth 119
Orphan Kittens and Puppies 119
Assessment 120
Weaning to Adult 120
Kittens 120
Puppies 120
Neutering and the Prevention of Weight Gain in Kittens and Puppies 121
Assessment 122
Adult Cats and Dogs 122
Assessment 122
Senior Dogs and Cats 122
Physiological Changes Associated with Aging 123
Nutrient Requirements of Older Pets 126
Feeding Recommendations for Mature Dogs and Cats 128
Summary 129
References 129
8 Commercial and Home-Prepared Diets 136
Andrea J. Fascetti and Sean J. Delaney
Introduction 136
Commercial Diets 136
Types of Pet Foods 136
Dry Food 136
Moist Foods 137
Semi-Moist Foods 137
Raw 138
Terminology 138
Market Segments 140
Commercial Dog and Cat Diet Formulation and Considerations 140
Ingredient Database Population 140
Ingredient Safety and Legality First 140
Ingredient Regulatory Considerations 141
Ingredient Availability and Cost 141
Establishing Reliable Nutrient Profiles for Ingredients 142
Ingredient Procurement 143
Sustainability 143
Consistency 143
Ingredient Declaration 144
Formulation Software 144
Options 144
Limitations 145
Equipment 145
Extruder 145
Canning/Retorting Line 146
Availability of Pilot Plant or Line 146
Guaranteed Analysis Target 146
Ingredient Declaration Order 147
Functionality 147
Shelf Life 147
Palatability 148
Least Cost 148
Stool Quality and Digestibility 149
Labeling 149
Continuous Improvement 149
Home-Prepared Diets 150
Nutritional Adequacy 150
Managing Patients Using Home-Prepared Diets 154
Protein and Amino Acids 154
Fatty Acids 155
Carbohydrates 156
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements 156
General Considerations 156
Assessment while on a Home-Prepared Diet 158
Raw Food Feeding 158
Summary 160
References 160
9 Nutritional Management of Body Weight 163
Kathryn E. Michel and Robert C. Backus
The Health Consequences of Overweightness and Obesity 164
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Canine Orthopedic Disease 164
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Feline Diabetes Mellitus 164
Additional Health Risks of Obesity in Dogs and Cats 165
Increasing Awareness of Overweightness and Obesity 165
Targeting Optimal Weight 166
Body Condition Scoring 166
Understanding the Risk Factors for Weight Gain 170
Accurate Accounting of Caloric Intake 171
Formulation of the Weight-Loss Plan 172
Dietary Considerations 173
Exercise 176
Tailoring the Program to the Patient 176
Assessment of the Weight-Loss Plan 177
Safety and Efficacy of Weight-Loss Programs for Companion Animals 177
Adjustment of the Weight-Loss Plan 178
Summary 180
References 180
10 Nutritional Management of Orthopedic Diseases 186
Herman Hazewinkel
Bone Composition and Calciotropic Hormones 186
Chemical Composition of Bone 187
Mineral Composition During Growth 188
Hormonal Regulation of Calcium 189
The Role of Nutrition During Skeletal Growth and Development 192
Energy 192
Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin d 193
Calcium Deficiency 193
Phosphorus Deficiency 198
Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets or Hypovitaminosis D) 198
Deficiency of Other Trace Minerals 201
Calcium Excess (Alimentary Hypercalcitoninism) 201
Vitamin D Excess 205
Vitamin A Excess 206
Nutrient Requirements for Skeletal Maintenance in Adult Animals 208
Implementation of Nutrition in Clinical Orthopedics 210
Influence of Nutrition in the Occurrence of Orthopedic Diseases 211
Elbow Dysplasias 211
Role of Nutrition in Elbow Dysplasias 212
Hip Dysplasia 213
Nutritional Influences Seen in Hip Dysplasia 214
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (or Metaphyseal Osteopathy) in Dogs 216
Prevention of Nutritionally Related Orthopedic Diseases 217
Diets to Support Treatment of Patients with Osteoarthrosis 218
Causative Role of Nutrition 219
Therapeutic Role of Nutrition 220
Osteoarthrosis in Cats 225
Summary 226
References 226
11 Nutritional Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases 235
Nick Cave, Sean J. Delaney, and Jennifer A. Larsen
Key Dietary Variables 235
Protein 235
Glutamine 236
Fat 236
Fiber and Prebiosis 237
Fiber Viscosity 239
Fiber as a Luminal Adsorbent 239
Fiber Fermentability 240
Effects of Short-Chain Volatile Fatty Acids on the Colon 240
Effects of Butyrate on Intestinal Immunity 241
Effect of Fiber on Intestinal Flora: Prebiosis 241
Choice of Fiber 242
Immune Response to Dietary Antigens...
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2023 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Tiermedizin |
| Genre: | Medizin |
| Rubrik: | Wissenschaften |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Seiten: | 656 |
| Inhalt: | 656 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119375142 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119375142 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1A119375140 |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Redaktion: |
Fascetti, Andrea J.
Villaverde, Cecilia Larsen, Jennifer A. Delaney, Sean J. |
| Herausgeber: | Andrea J Fascetti/Sean J Delaney/Jennifer A Larsen et al |
| Hersteller: | John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
| Maße: | 243 x 174 x 27 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Andrea J. Fascetti (u. a.) |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 31.08.2023 |
| Gewicht: | 1,529 kg |
Warnhinweis
Ähnliche Produkte
Buch
Lieferzeit 1-2 Werktage
Taschenbuch
Lieferzeit 1-2 Wochen
Buch
Lieferzeit 1-2 Werktage
Buch
Lieferzeit 1-2 Werktage
Taschenbuch
Lieferzeit 1-2 Werktage
Taschenbuch
Lieferzeit 1-2 Wochen
Taschenbuch
Lieferzeit 4-7 Werktage
Taschenbuch
Lieferzeit 1-2 Wochen
Bundle
Lieferzeit 1-2 Werktage
Buch
Taschenbuch
Lieferzeit 1-2 Wochen