Stefan Berger is Professor of Modern German and Comparative European History at the University of Manchester. He is the author of numerous books, including Inventing the Nation: Germany (2004), Social Democracy and the Working Class in Nineteenth and Twentieth-century Germany (2000), and The Search for Normality: National Identity and Historical Consciousness in Germany Since 1800 (1997, second edition, 2003). He is co-editor of, among other works, Writing History: Theory and Practice (co-author, 2003), Historikerdialoge (2003), Writing National Histories: Western Europe Since 1800 (1999), and Policy Concertation and Social Partnership in Western Europe (2002).

List of Figures viii Notes on Contributors x Maps xiv Introduction xvii
Stefan Berger Part I The Idea of "Europeanness" and the Construction of European Identity 1 1 Insiders and Outsiders: Borders in Nineteenth-Century Europe 3
Bo Stråth 2 Visual Representations of Europe in the Nineteenth Century: The Age of Nationalism and Imperialism 11
Michael Wintle Part II Agriculture, Industry, and Social Change 29 3 Rural Society and Agricultural Revolution 31
Hamish Graham 4 Industrial Revolution, Commerce, and Trade 44
Robert Lee 5 Demography, Urbanization, and Migration 56
Robert Lee 6 Lords and Peasants 70
Carl Levy 7 Bourgeois Society 86
Pamela Pilbeam 8 The Disappearance of the Traditional Artisan 98
James R. Farr 9 The Social Condition of the Working Class 109
Jutta Schwarzkopf Part III Political Developments 123 10 Revolutions and Revolutionaries: Histories, Concepts, and Myths 125
Sharif Gemie 11 The Rise of the Modern Leviathan: State Functions and State Features 137
Jörn Leonhard 12 The Democratic Experience 149
John Garrard 13 Labor Movements 164
Stefan Berger 14 National Movements 178
Stefan Berger 15 The "Woman Question" 193
Kathleen Canning Part IV Intellectual Developments and Religion 209 16 Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Conservatism, and Socialism 211
Edmund Neill 17 Social Darwinism and Race 224
Mike Hawkins 18 The Age of Catholic Revival 236
Oded Heilbronner 19 Protestantism 248
Anthony J. Steinhoff 20 Orthodoxy 262
Shane P. O'Rourke 21 The Jews: A European Minority 274
David Rechter Part V Cultural Developments 289 [...]opean Culture in the Nineteenth Century 291
James A. Winders 23 Schooling: Culture and the State 304
Sharif Gemie 24 The Age of Historism 316
Matthew Jefferies 25 The Century of Science 333
Kathryn M. Olesko 26 Police and the Law 345
Chris A. Williams 27 The Cultural History of Crime 355
Daniel M. Vyleta 28 Medical Discourses 369
John C. Waller 29 Sexuality 382
Ivan Crozier Part VI The International System, Colonialism, and War 399 30 Restrained Competition: International Relations 401William Mulligan 31 War 417
Ute Frevert 32 Colonialism 432
Trutz von Trotha Bibliography 449 Index 499