List of Illustrations

Preface

Some Notes on Usage

Chapter 1. Introduction: A Frenzy for Blood

—The Emergence of Blood Piety

—Blood in the Fifteenth-Century North

—Some Recent Approaches

PART I. CULTS IN NORTHERN GERMANY

Chapter 2. Wilsnack

—The Events

—Historiography

—Blood at the Center

—Treatises de Sanguine

—Larger Questions

Chapter 3. Cults in Mecklenburg and the Mark Brandenburg

—Historiography and the Problem of the Evidence

—Blood Cult in Middle Germany and the Havelland

—North and West of Wilsnack

—Anti-Jewish Libels Circa 1500: Sternberg and Berlin

—The Fate of Cults in the Sixteenth-Century North

—Holy Matter and the Jews

PART II. BLOOD DISPUTES IN FIFTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE AND THEIR BACKGROUND

Chapter 4. Debates About Eucharistic Transformations and Blood Relics

—Visions and Transformations

—The Practical Issue of Transformed Hosts

—Concomitance and the Cup

—The Debate over Blood Relics: Background

—Grosseteste, Bonaventure, and Aquinas on Blood Relics and Identity

—Gerhard of Cologne

—Discussions of Blood Relics in the Fifteenth Century

Chapter 5. Christ's Blood in the Triduum Mortis

—Mayronis and the Barcelona Controversy of 1350-51

—John of Capistrano on the Precious Blood

—The Triduum Mortis Debate of 1462-64

—Some Arguments Attributed to Nicholas of Cusa

—Patterns in Dominican and Franciscan Theology

—Conclusion

PART III. THE ASSUMPTIONS OF BLOOD PIETY

Chapter 6. A Concern for Immutability

—The Immutability Theme at Wilsnack

—The Transformed-Hosts Debate: A Deeper Issue

—Immutability in Debates over Blood Relics and Treatises de Sanguine

—Wholeness and Immutability in Story and Cult

—Devotional Images

—Conclusion

Chapter 7. Living Blood Poured Out

—Blood as Fertility

—Blood as Social Survival

—Blood as Engendering and Gendered

—Blood as Sedes Animae

—Continuity in Discontinuity: The Exsanguination of Christ

—Blood as Alive

Chapter 8. Blood as Separated and Shed

—The Stress on Separation

—Blood as Drops

—The Revelation of the Hundred Pater Nosters

—Accusation and Reproach

—Blood as Symbol

—The Deeper Paradox: Sacrifice

PART IV. SACRIFICE AND SOTERIOLOGY

Chapter 9. Late Medieval Soteriology

—Salvation as Satisfaction and Response: The Conventional Account

—Salvation as Participation

—Julian of Norwich

—Conclusion

Chapter 10. Sacrificial Theology

—The Biblical and Patristic Background

—Destruction and Oblation

—Sacrifice in Blood Cult and Controversy

—The Sixteenth Century

Chapter 11. The Aporia of Sacrifice

—Questioning Blood: The Meditations on the Life of Christ

—Avoiding Sacrifice

—Who Sacrifices? Including/Excluding Christians and Blaming Jews

—Sacrifice and the Marking of Matter

Chapter 12. Conclusion: Why Blood?

List of Abbreviations

Notes

Bibliography of Works Cited

Index

Acknowledgments