1. Introduction

2. Professional practice

2.1 Professional practice around the world
2.2 Features of official translation in different countries and regions

3. Social context

3.1 Participants
3.2 Loyalties
3.3 The translator's ideology
3.4 Across cultural distance

4. Documents

4.1 Types
4.2 Information and functions

5. The Official translator as a jurilinguistic expert

6. Different ways of translating

6.1 Adequacy conditions
6.2 Constraints
6.2.1 Legal norms
6.2.2 Ethical norms: Professional vs. personal
6.2.3 Traditions and customs
6.2.4 Constraints imposed by the client, the initiator or the recipient
6.3 Freedom

7. Common problems and frequent solutions

7.1 Means of expression
7.2 Format and typing conventions
7.2.1 Belonging to the original vs. belonging to the translation
7.2.2 Converting complex formats into paragraph sequences
7.2.3 Text vs. image
7.2.4 Avoiding deception
7.2.5 One source language
7.2.6 Legibility
7.2.7 Understandability
7.2.8 Originality
7.2.9 Other writing conventions
7.2.10 Translating into different formats
7.3 Validity and execution of documents
7.3.1 Signature and seal
7.3.2 Certifying authorities
7.4 Medium

8 On the translation of different documents

8.1 Birth, marriage and death certificates
8.2 Academic transcripts and diplomas
8.3 Agreements and undertakings

9. Sources of information

10. Other professional aspects

10.1 Fees and estimates
10.2 Professional associations