Sang-Ho Lee, MD, PhD

Chairman, Wooridul Spine Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Founder and Honorary President, World Congress of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery and Techniques.

Clinical professor of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine.

Sang-Ha Shin, MD

Director, Wooridul International Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Fellowship Program,

Department of Neurological Surgery, Chungdam Wooridul Spine Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Junseok Bae, MD

President and Medical Director,

Director, Wooridul International Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Fellowship Program.

Department of Neurological Surgery,

Chungdam Wooridul Spine Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Sang-Joon Park, MD

Department of Neurological Surgery,

President of Dongnae Wooridul Spine Hospital, Busan, South Korea.

Focuses on transforaminal endoscopy

Provides various practical technique to degenerative lumbar spine disease

Includes procedure video with numerous illustrations

Part 1. Introduction.- 1. Historical review and current application of transforaminal lumbar endoscopy.- 2. Clinical presentations of the lumbar disc herniation and stenosis.- 3. Radiologic evaluations of the lumbar disc herniation and stenosis.- 4. Anatomical considerations of the lumbar spine for transforaminal access.- 5. Setting of operation room and patient position.- 6. Equipments and instruments for endoscopic spine surgery.- 7. Anesthetic considerations of the transforaminal endoscopy.- 8. Preoperative planning and technical considerations of transforaminal endoscopy.- Part 2, Transforaminal endoscopy for lumbar disc disease.- 1. Paramedian contained disc herniation.- 2. Paramedian migrated disc herniation.- 3. Endoscopic effort to overcome anatomical barriers at L5/S1 level.- 4. Foraminal disc herniation.- 5. Various other disc herniations.- 6. Endoscopic annuloplasty for discogenic back pain.- Part 3. Transforaminal endoscopy for lumbar spinal stenosis.- 1. Lateral recess stenosis.- 2. Foraminal stenosis.- 3. Lumbar foraminal stenosis combined with disc herniation.- Part 4. Complication and its management.- 1. Incomplete removal of herniated disc and recurred disc.- 2. Infection.- 3. Hematoma.- 4. Dural tear.- Part 5. Surgical technique chapter.- Part 6 . General introduction or non-surgical chapter.