One: Methodology.- I. Basic Methodology.- 1. Manipulation of DNA by PCR.- 2. Cloning PCR Products.- 3. Optimization of Multiplex PCRs.- 4. Preparation of Nucleic Acids for Archival Material.- 5. PCR Amplification of Viral DNA and Viral Host Cell mRNAs in Situ.- II. Quantitation.- 6. Quantitative PCR: An Overview.- 7. Quantification of DNAs by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Using an Internal Control.- 8. RT-PCR and mRNA Quantitation.- 9. Analysis of Human T-Cell Repertoires by PCR.- III. Nonisotopic Detection.- 10. Ultrasensitive Nonradioactive Detection of PCR Reactions: An Overview.- 11. Fluorescent Detection Methods for PCR Analysis.- 12. Enzyme-Labeled Oligonucleotides.- 13. Application of the Hybridization Protection Assay (HPA) to PCR.- IV. Instrumentation.- 14. PCR Instrumentation: Where Do We Stand?.- 15. Rapid Cycle DNA Amplification.- 16. Automating the PCR Process.- V. Sequencing.- 17. PCR and DNA Sequencing.- 18. Phage Promoter-Based Methods for Sequencing and Screening for Mutations.- 19. Capture PCR: An Efficient Method for Walking Along Chromosomal DNA and cDNA.- Two: Applications.- I. General Applications.- 20. In Vitro Evolution of Functional Nucleic Acids: High-Affinity RNA Ligands of the HIV-1 rev Protein.- 21. The Application of PCR to Forensic Science.- 22. Recreating the Past by PCR.- 23. Nonbiological Applications.- II. Genetic Analysis.- 24. RT-PCR and Gene Expression.- 25. Fingerprinting Using Arbitrarily Primed PCR: Application to Genetic Mapping, Population Biology, Epidemiology, and Detection of Differentially Expressed RNAs.- 26. Genetics, Plants, and the Polymerase Chain Reaction.- III. Assessment of Therapy Effectiveness.- 27. PCR Assessment of the Efficacy of Therapy in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Leukemias.- 28. The Detection of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using Clone-Specific Probes Directed against V(D)J Junctional Sequences.- 29. Assessment of Therapy Effectiveness: Infectious Disease.- 30. Gene Therapy.- IV. Diagnostics.- 31. PCR and Cancer Diagnostics: Detection and Characterization of Single Point Mutations in Oncogenes and Antioncogenes.- 32. Clinical Applications of the Polymerase Chain Reaction.- 33. Infectious Diseases.- Three: PCR and the World of Business.- 34. PCR in the Marketplace.- 35. PCR and Scientific Invention: The Trial of DuPont vs. Cetus.