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Beschreibung
The nationalist outlook of the Turkish state since the beginning of the Republican era in 1923 targeted uniform identity formation. While Turkey did not recognize the existence of ethnic identities as long as they were Muslim, non-Muslims were challenging this ideal. During this social engineering, the religious minorities and the state had very turbulent relations based on mistrust, resulting in many discriminative legislations. The Republican story of the Jews provides significant insight to highlight the difficulties and challenges encountered in the formation of the Turkish Republic as well as the changes in the Turkish public with the new nation state in effect.
Following the Second World War, a new state was established in the Middle East. During the Cold War, the Soviet threat led Turkey to recognize the State of Israel, established as a Jewish state. The main reasoning of Turkey in recognizing Israel was to be accepted to the Western camp. While the bilateral relations of Turkey and Israel increased gradually, a surprisingly high number of Turkish Jews, nearly 40 percent of the Jewish community in Turkey, immigrated to the new country.
This book is an attempt to investigate the establishment of the State of Israel, Turkey's recognition of the Jewish state and its repercussions on the Turkish public between the years 1936 and 1956. It explains the establishment of the State of Israel and the first three decades of the Turkish Republic. It includes the religious minorities of Turkey, with a special focus on the Jewish community as it is one of the major links between Turkey and Israel. It combines Turkish public reaction to the establishment and recognition of the State of Israel, shedding light on the reasons of the mass Jewish immigration, which is at the same time the second biggest immigration out of Turkey after the labor immigration to Europe starting from the 1960s.
Following the Second World War, a new state was established in the Middle East. During the Cold War, the Soviet threat led Turkey to recognize the State of Israel, established as a Jewish state. The main reasoning of Turkey in recognizing Israel was to be accepted to the Western camp. While the bilateral relations of Turkey and Israel increased gradually, a surprisingly high number of Turkish Jews, nearly 40 percent of the Jewish community in Turkey, immigrated to the new country.
This book is an attempt to investigate the establishment of the State of Israel, Turkey's recognition of the Jewish state and its repercussions on the Turkish public between the years 1936 and 1956. It explains the establishment of the State of Israel and the first three decades of the Turkish Republic. It includes the religious minorities of Turkey, with a special focus on the Jewish community as it is one of the major links between Turkey and Israel. It combines Turkish public reaction to the establishment and recognition of the State of Israel, shedding light on the reasons of the mass Jewish immigration, which is at the same time the second biggest immigration out of Turkey after the labor immigration to Europe starting from the 1960s.
The nationalist outlook of the Turkish state since the beginning of the Republican era in 1923 targeted uniform identity formation. While Turkey did not recognize the existence of ethnic identities as long as they were Muslim, non-Muslims were challenging this ideal. During this social engineering, the religious minorities and the state had very turbulent relations based on mistrust, resulting in many discriminative legislations. The Republican story of the Jews provides significant insight to highlight the difficulties and challenges encountered in the formation of the Turkish Republic as well as the changes in the Turkish public with the new nation state in effect.
Following the Second World War, a new state was established in the Middle East. During the Cold War, the Soviet threat led Turkey to recognize the State of Israel, established as a Jewish state. The main reasoning of Turkey in recognizing Israel was to be accepted to the Western camp. While the bilateral relations of Turkey and Israel increased gradually, a surprisingly high number of Turkish Jews, nearly 40 percent of the Jewish community in Turkey, immigrated to the new country.
This book is an attempt to investigate the establishment of the State of Israel, Turkey's recognition of the Jewish state and its repercussions on the Turkish public between the years 1936 and 1956. It explains the establishment of the State of Israel and the first three decades of the Turkish Republic. It includes the religious minorities of Turkey, with a special focus on the Jewish community as it is one of the major links between Turkey and Israel. It combines Turkish public reaction to the establishment and recognition of the State of Israel, shedding light on the reasons of the mass Jewish immigration, which is at the same time the second biggest immigration out of Turkey after the labor immigration to Europe starting from the 1960s.
Following the Second World War, a new state was established in the Middle East. During the Cold War, the Soviet threat led Turkey to recognize the State of Israel, established as a Jewish state. The main reasoning of Turkey in recognizing Israel was to be accepted to the Western camp. While the bilateral relations of Turkey and Israel increased gradually, a surprisingly high number of Turkish Jews, nearly 40 percent of the Jewish community in Turkey, immigrated to the new country.
This book is an attempt to investigate the establishment of the State of Israel, Turkey's recognition of the Jewish state and its repercussions on the Turkish public between the years 1936 and 1956. It explains the establishment of the State of Israel and the first three decades of the Turkish Republic. It includes the religious minorities of Turkey, with a special focus on the Jewish community as it is one of the major links between Turkey and Israel. It combines Turkish public reaction to the establishment and recognition of the State of Israel, shedding light on the reasons of the mass Jewish immigration, which is at the same time the second biggest immigration out of Turkey after the labor immigration to Europe starting from the 1960s.
Über den Autor
By Karel Valansi
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Acknowledgements
Dedication
Table of Contents
Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1.Turkish Public Reaction
1.2.Methodology
1.3.Literature Review
1.4.Turkish Press
1.[...] Critical Clarifications
1.5.1.Palestine
1.5.2.Zionism
2 The Road Toward the Establishment of the State of Israel
2.[...]-First World War Palestine
2.1.1.Demography of Palestine
2.1.2.Historical Homeland vs. Nature of Population:
Two People, Two Claims
2.1.[...] Yishuv
2.1.[...] Aliyah and the Jewish Settlement
2.1.[...] Establishment of Agricultural Settlements
2.1.6.Ottoman Reaction to the Jewish Immigration to Palestine
2.1.7.Struggle to Survive
2.1.[...] Arab People of Palestine
2.1.9.Second Aliyah and the First Jewish Defense Organizations
2.1.10.Theodor Herzl and The Zionist Congress
2.1.[...] Rise of Pan-Arabism
2.[...] First World War and the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
2.2.[...] Outbreak of the First World War
2.2.[...] Role of the Palestinian Jews in the First World War
2.2.[...] Balfour Declaration vs. Hussein-McMahon Correspondence
2.2.4.Conflict Between the Arab and Jewish Population of Palestine
2.2.[...] Third and Fourth Wave of Aliyah and 1920 Riots
2.2.[...] Establishment of Haganah and the division among Zionists
2.2.[...] Fifth Wave of Aliyah and 1929 Riots
2.2.[...] Arab Revolt of 1936, the Introduction of
the White Paper in 1939
2.[...] Mandate of Palestine During the Second World War
2.4.HaShoah (Holocaust)
2.[...] UN Partition Plan and the Creation of the State of Israel
2.6.Palestine Issue in the Turkish Press During 1930s and 1940s
3 The Jews of Turkey
3.[...] Jewish Population of the Ottoman Empire
3.1.[...] Millet System of the Ottomans
3.1.2.A Revolutionary Change in Education;
The Alliance Israelite Schools
3.1.3.Nationalist Movements in the Ottoman Empire
3.1.[...] Treaty of Lausanne
3.2.Turkish Republic, a New Beginning Full of Hope
3.2.[...] First Decade of the Republic
3.2.[...] Ideal of Turkism
3.2.[...] Nationalism to Racism
3.2.4.Creating a Turkish-Muslim Middle Class
3.2.5.Restoring the Effendi Class
3.2.6.Turkish Language as a Unifying Element
3.2.6.[...] Language of the Minorities
3.2.6.2.Unification of the Education
3.2.6.3.'Citizen, Speak Turkish!' Campaign
3.2.[...] for Dismantling the Community Structure
3.2.[...] Positive Steps on Turkification Process; the Law
on Headgear and Dress (Hat Revolution), and the Law of Surname
3.2.9.A Milestone in the History of the Jews of Turkey;
The Murder of Elza Niyego
4 Changing Balance in International System Affects Turkey
4.[...] of Fascism, Nazi Ideology
4.1.1.Turkey during 1930s, under the Shadow of Nazism
4.1.[...] Freedom in Turkey During the First Four
Decades of the Republic
4.1.3.German Academics, 1933
4.[...] Settlement Law of 2510 and the Exodus of the Jews of Thrace
4.3.Turkey's Foreign Policy during the Second World War
4.4.Jewish Immigration to Palestine
4.5.Discriminatory Policies Concerning the Minorities
During the Second World War
4.5.[...] Conscription of the Twenty Classes
(Yirmi Kur'a ¿hritiyat) 1941-1942
4.5.[...] Capital Tax 1942-1944
4.5.3.Republican Party and Minority Report
4.6.Survival Tactics: Kayadez
5 Turkish - Israeli Relations and Turkish Aliyah of 1948
5.1. Zionism in Turkey
5.[...] Idealist Pioneers
5.[...] UN Partition Plan, 1947
5.[...] Massacre, 1947
5.[...] Creation of the State of Israel and Turkey's Position
5.5.Aliyah Boosted with the Establishment of the State of Israel in 1948
5.6.Reactions to the Immigration
5.7.Turkish Jews in Israel
5.[...] Recognition of Israel - 28 March 1949
5.[...] Historical Date: The Opening of the Israeli Consulate in Istanbul
5.10. Turkish Foreign Policy During the Cold War
5.11. Turkish Aliyah Expanded
5.12. Cultural and Economic Relations
5.13. Life in Turkey for the Ones Who Stayed
6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Dedication
Table of Contents
Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1.Turkish Public Reaction
1.2.Methodology
1.3.Literature Review
1.4.Turkish Press
1.[...] Critical Clarifications
1.5.1.Palestine
1.5.2.Zionism
2 The Road Toward the Establishment of the State of Israel
2.[...]-First World War Palestine
2.1.1.Demography of Palestine
2.1.2.Historical Homeland vs. Nature of Population:
Two People, Two Claims
2.1.[...] Yishuv
2.1.[...] Aliyah and the Jewish Settlement
2.1.[...] Establishment of Agricultural Settlements
2.1.6.Ottoman Reaction to the Jewish Immigration to Palestine
2.1.7.Struggle to Survive
2.1.[...] Arab People of Palestine
2.1.9.Second Aliyah and the First Jewish Defense Organizations
2.1.10.Theodor Herzl and The Zionist Congress
2.1.[...] Rise of Pan-Arabism
2.[...] First World War and the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
2.2.[...] Outbreak of the First World War
2.2.[...] Role of the Palestinian Jews in the First World War
2.2.[...] Balfour Declaration vs. Hussein-McMahon Correspondence
2.2.4.Conflict Between the Arab and Jewish Population of Palestine
2.2.[...] Third and Fourth Wave of Aliyah and 1920 Riots
2.2.[...] Establishment of Haganah and the division among Zionists
2.2.[...] Fifth Wave of Aliyah and 1929 Riots
2.2.[...] Arab Revolt of 1936, the Introduction of
the White Paper in 1939
2.[...] Mandate of Palestine During the Second World War
2.4.HaShoah (Holocaust)
2.[...] UN Partition Plan and the Creation of the State of Israel
2.6.Palestine Issue in the Turkish Press During 1930s and 1940s
3 The Jews of Turkey
3.[...] Jewish Population of the Ottoman Empire
3.1.[...] Millet System of the Ottomans
3.1.2.A Revolutionary Change in Education;
The Alliance Israelite Schools
3.1.3.Nationalist Movements in the Ottoman Empire
3.1.[...] Treaty of Lausanne
3.2.Turkish Republic, a New Beginning Full of Hope
3.2.[...] First Decade of the Republic
3.2.[...] Ideal of Turkism
3.2.[...] Nationalism to Racism
3.2.4.Creating a Turkish-Muslim Middle Class
3.2.5.Restoring the Effendi Class
3.2.6.Turkish Language as a Unifying Element
3.2.6.[...] Language of the Minorities
3.2.6.2.Unification of the Education
3.2.6.3.'Citizen, Speak Turkish!' Campaign
3.2.[...] for Dismantling the Community Structure
3.2.[...] Positive Steps on Turkification Process; the Law
on Headgear and Dress (Hat Revolution), and the Law of Surname
3.2.9.A Milestone in the History of the Jews of Turkey;
The Murder of Elza Niyego
4 Changing Balance in International System Affects Turkey
4.[...] of Fascism, Nazi Ideology
4.1.1.Turkey during 1930s, under the Shadow of Nazism
4.1.[...] Freedom in Turkey During the First Four
Decades of the Republic
4.1.3.German Academics, 1933
4.[...] Settlement Law of 2510 and the Exodus of the Jews of Thrace
4.3.Turkey's Foreign Policy during the Second World War
4.4.Jewish Immigration to Palestine
4.5.Discriminatory Policies Concerning the Minorities
During the Second World War
4.5.[...] Conscription of the Twenty Classes
(Yirmi Kur'a ¿hritiyat) 1941-1942
4.5.[...] Capital Tax 1942-1944
4.5.3.Republican Party and Minority Report
4.6.Survival Tactics: Kayadez
5 Turkish - Israeli Relations and Turkish Aliyah of 1948
5.1. Zionism in Turkey
5.[...] Idealist Pioneers
5.[...] UN Partition Plan, 1947
5.[...] Massacre, 1947
5.[...] Creation of the State of Israel and Turkey's Position
5.5.Aliyah Boosted with the Establishment of the State of Israel in 1948
5.6.Reactions to the Immigration
5.7.Turkish Jews in Israel
5.[...] Recognition of Israel - 28 March 1949
5.[...] Historical Date: The Opening of the Israeli Consulate in Istanbul
5.10. Turkish Foreign Policy During the Cold War
5.11. Turkish Aliyah Expanded
5.12. Cultural and Economic Relations
5.13. Life in Turkey for the Ones Who Stayed
6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2018 |
|---|---|
| Genre: | Importe, Politikwissenschaften |
| Rubrik: | Wissenschaften |
| Medium: | Buch |
| ISBN-13: | 9780761870081 |
| ISBN-10: | 0761870083 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Valansi, Karel |
| Hersteller: | Hamilton Books |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Libri GmbH, Europaallee 1, D-36244 Bad Hersfeld, gpsr@libri.de |
| Maße: | 235 x 157 x 17 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Karel Valansi |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 20.02.2018 |
| Gewicht: | 0,508 kg |
Über den Autor
By Karel Valansi
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Acknowledgements
Dedication
Table of Contents
Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1.Turkish Public Reaction
1.2.Methodology
1.3.Literature Review
1.4.Turkish Press
1.[...] Critical Clarifications
1.5.1.Palestine
1.5.2.Zionism
2 The Road Toward the Establishment of the State of Israel
2.[...]-First World War Palestine
2.1.1.Demography of Palestine
2.1.2.Historical Homeland vs. Nature of Population:
Two People, Two Claims
2.1.[...] Yishuv
2.1.[...] Aliyah and the Jewish Settlement
2.1.[...] Establishment of Agricultural Settlements
2.1.6.Ottoman Reaction to the Jewish Immigration to Palestine
2.1.7.Struggle to Survive
2.1.[...] Arab People of Palestine
2.1.9.Second Aliyah and the First Jewish Defense Organizations
2.1.10.Theodor Herzl and The Zionist Congress
2.1.[...] Rise of Pan-Arabism
2.[...] First World War and the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
2.2.[...] Outbreak of the First World War
2.2.[...] Role of the Palestinian Jews in the First World War
2.2.[...] Balfour Declaration vs. Hussein-McMahon Correspondence
2.2.4.Conflict Between the Arab and Jewish Population of Palestine
2.2.[...] Third and Fourth Wave of Aliyah and 1920 Riots
2.2.[...] Establishment of Haganah and the division among Zionists
2.2.[...] Fifth Wave of Aliyah and 1929 Riots
2.2.[...] Arab Revolt of 1936, the Introduction of
the White Paper in 1939
2.[...] Mandate of Palestine During the Second World War
2.4.HaShoah (Holocaust)
2.[...] UN Partition Plan and the Creation of the State of Israel
2.6.Palestine Issue in the Turkish Press During 1930s and 1940s
3 The Jews of Turkey
3.[...] Jewish Population of the Ottoman Empire
3.1.[...] Millet System of the Ottomans
3.1.2.A Revolutionary Change in Education;
The Alliance Israelite Schools
3.1.3.Nationalist Movements in the Ottoman Empire
3.1.[...] Treaty of Lausanne
3.2.Turkish Republic, a New Beginning Full of Hope
3.2.[...] First Decade of the Republic
3.2.[...] Ideal of Turkism
3.2.[...] Nationalism to Racism
3.2.4.Creating a Turkish-Muslim Middle Class
3.2.5.Restoring the Effendi Class
3.2.6.Turkish Language as a Unifying Element
3.2.6.[...] Language of the Minorities
3.2.6.2.Unification of the Education
3.2.6.3.'Citizen, Speak Turkish!' Campaign
3.2.[...] for Dismantling the Community Structure
3.2.[...] Positive Steps on Turkification Process; the Law
on Headgear and Dress (Hat Revolution), and the Law of Surname
3.2.9.A Milestone in the History of the Jews of Turkey;
The Murder of Elza Niyego
4 Changing Balance in International System Affects Turkey
4.[...] of Fascism, Nazi Ideology
4.1.1.Turkey during 1930s, under the Shadow of Nazism
4.1.[...] Freedom in Turkey During the First Four
Decades of the Republic
4.1.3.German Academics, 1933
4.[...] Settlement Law of 2510 and the Exodus of the Jews of Thrace
4.3.Turkey's Foreign Policy during the Second World War
4.4.Jewish Immigration to Palestine
4.5.Discriminatory Policies Concerning the Minorities
During the Second World War
4.5.[...] Conscription of the Twenty Classes
(Yirmi Kur'a ¿hritiyat) 1941-1942
4.5.[...] Capital Tax 1942-1944
4.5.3.Republican Party and Minority Report
4.6.Survival Tactics: Kayadez
5 Turkish - Israeli Relations and Turkish Aliyah of 1948
5.1. Zionism in Turkey
5.[...] Idealist Pioneers
5.[...] UN Partition Plan, 1947
5.[...] Massacre, 1947
5.[...] Creation of the State of Israel and Turkey's Position
5.5.Aliyah Boosted with the Establishment of the State of Israel in 1948
5.6.Reactions to the Immigration
5.7.Turkish Jews in Israel
5.[...] Recognition of Israel - 28 March 1949
5.[...] Historical Date: The Opening of the Israeli Consulate in Istanbul
5.10. Turkish Foreign Policy During the Cold War
5.11. Turkish Aliyah Expanded
5.12. Cultural and Economic Relations
5.13. Life in Turkey for the Ones Who Stayed
6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Dedication
Table of Contents
Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1.Turkish Public Reaction
1.2.Methodology
1.3.Literature Review
1.4.Turkish Press
1.[...] Critical Clarifications
1.5.1.Palestine
1.5.2.Zionism
2 The Road Toward the Establishment of the State of Israel
2.[...]-First World War Palestine
2.1.1.Demography of Palestine
2.1.2.Historical Homeland vs. Nature of Population:
Two People, Two Claims
2.1.[...] Yishuv
2.1.[...] Aliyah and the Jewish Settlement
2.1.[...] Establishment of Agricultural Settlements
2.1.6.Ottoman Reaction to the Jewish Immigration to Palestine
2.1.7.Struggle to Survive
2.1.[...] Arab People of Palestine
2.1.9.Second Aliyah and the First Jewish Defense Organizations
2.1.10.Theodor Herzl and The Zionist Congress
2.1.[...] Rise of Pan-Arabism
2.[...] First World War and the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
2.2.[...] Outbreak of the First World War
2.2.[...] Role of the Palestinian Jews in the First World War
2.2.[...] Balfour Declaration vs. Hussein-McMahon Correspondence
2.2.4.Conflict Between the Arab and Jewish Population of Palestine
2.2.[...] Third and Fourth Wave of Aliyah and 1920 Riots
2.2.[...] Establishment of Haganah and the division among Zionists
2.2.[...] Fifth Wave of Aliyah and 1929 Riots
2.2.[...] Arab Revolt of 1936, the Introduction of
the White Paper in 1939
2.[...] Mandate of Palestine During the Second World War
2.4.HaShoah (Holocaust)
2.[...] UN Partition Plan and the Creation of the State of Israel
2.6.Palestine Issue in the Turkish Press During 1930s and 1940s
3 The Jews of Turkey
3.[...] Jewish Population of the Ottoman Empire
3.1.[...] Millet System of the Ottomans
3.1.2.A Revolutionary Change in Education;
The Alliance Israelite Schools
3.1.3.Nationalist Movements in the Ottoman Empire
3.1.[...] Treaty of Lausanne
3.2.Turkish Republic, a New Beginning Full of Hope
3.2.[...] First Decade of the Republic
3.2.[...] Ideal of Turkism
3.2.[...] Nationalism to Racism
3.2.4.Creating a Turkish-Muslim Middle Class
3.2.5.Restoring the Effendi Class
3.2.6.Turkish Language as a Unifying Element
3.2.6.[...] Language of the Minorities
3.2.6.2.Unification of the Education
3.2.6.3.'Citizen, Speak Turkish!' Campaign
3.2.[...] for Dismantling the Community Structure
3.2.[...] Positive Steps on Turkification Process; the Law
on Headgear and Dress (Hat Revolution), and the Law of Surname
3.2.9.A Milestone in the History of the Jews of Turkey;
The Murder of Elza Niyego
4 Changing Balance in International System Affects Turkey
4.[...] of Fascism, Nazi Ideology
4.1.1.Turkey during 1930s, under the Shadow of Nazism
4.1.[...] Freedom in Turkey During the First Four
Decades of the Republic
4.1.3.German Academics, 1933
4.[...] Settlement Law of 2510 and the Exodus of the Jews of Thrace
4.3.Turkey's Foreign Policy during the Second World War
4.4.Jewish Immigration to Palestine
4.5.Discriminatory Policies Concerning the Minorities
During the Second World War
4.5.[...] Conscription of the Twenty Classes
(Yirmi Kur'a ¿hritiyat) 1941-1942
4.5.[...] Capital Tax 1942-1944
4.5.3.Republican Party and Minority Report
4.6.Survival Tactics: Kayadez
5 Turkish - Israeli Relations and Turkish Aliyah of 1948
5.1. Zionism in Turkey
5.[...] Idealist Pioneers
5.[...] UN Partition Plan, 1947
5.[...] Massacre, 1947
5.[...] Creation of the State of Israel and Turkey's Position
5.5.Aliyah Boosted with the Establishment of the State of Israel in 1948
5.6.Reactions to the Immigration
5.7.Turkish Jews in Israel
5.[...] Recognition of Israel - 28 March 1949
5.[...] Historical Date: The Opening of the Israeli Consulate in Istanbul
5.10. Turkish Foreign Policy During the Cold War
5.11. Turkish Aliyah Expanded
5.12. Cultural and Economic Relations
5.13. Life in Turkey for the Ones Who Stayed
6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2018 |
|---|---|
| Genre: | Importe, Politikwissenschaften |
| Rubrik: | Wissenschaften |
| Medium: | Buch |
| ISBN-13: | 9780761870081 |
| ISBN-10: | 0761870083 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Valansi, Karel |
| Hersteller: | Hamilton Books |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Libri GmbH, Europaallee 1, D-36244 Bad Hersfeld, gpsr@libri.de |
| Maße: | 235 x 157 x 17 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Karel Valansi |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 20.02.2018 |
| Gewicht: | 0,508 kg |
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