ANTONY JOHN KUNNAN is a specialist in language assessment research who has held academic positions in many universities including ones in Bangalore, Los Angeles, Yerevan, Taichung, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Macau. He has published widely on various topics including validation and fairness and policy and practice for immigration and citizenship. His most recent authored book is Evaluating Language Assessments published in 2018. He was the founding Editor of Language Assessment Quarterly, the founding President of the Asian Association for Language Assessment, and the past President of the International Language Testing Association. In 2024, he was awarded the Cambridge-ILTA Distinguished Achievement Award in language assessment.

About the Editor xi List of Contributors xiii Acknowledgments xix Introduction xxi Theme 1 Fundamental Considerations 1 How to Conceptualize and Implement a Language Assessment 3
Lyle F. Bachman and Barbara Damböck 2 Learning-Oriented Language Assessment 22
James Enos Purpura 3 Assessing Integrated Skills 42
Alister Cumming 4 Dynamic Assessment in the Classroom 55
Matthew E. Poehner 5 Designing Evaluations for Validation of Language Assessments 67
Carol A. Chapelle, Erik Voss, and Haeun Kim 6 Fairness and Justice in Language Assessment 80
Antony John Kunnan 7 Statistics and Software for Test Revisions 93
Yo In'nami and Rie Koizumi 8 Language Assessment and Artificial Intelligence 112
Erik Voss Theme 2 Assessing Language Skills and Resources 9 Assessing Listening 129
Elvis Wagner 10 Assessing Speaking 143
Barry O'Sullivan Copyrighted Material 11 Assessing Reading 154
William Grabe and Xiangying Jiang 12 Assessing Writing 168
Cecilia Guanfang Zhao 13 Assessing the Linguistic Resources of Meaningful Communication 181
James Enos Purpura and Saerhim Oh 14 Assessing Vocabulary 205
John Read 15 Assessing Pronunciation 216
Talia Isaacs 16 Assessing Interactional Competence and Pragmatics 230
Carsten Roever Theme 3 Assessment Development and Evaluation 17 Assessing English as a Lingua Franca 245
Jennifer Jenkins and Constant Leung 18 Scenario- Based Language Assessment 255
Heidi Liu Banerjee 19 Adapting or Developing Source Materials for Listening and Reading Tests 270
Anthony Green 20 Automated Writing Assessment and Feedback 285
Sara T. Cushing and Sha Liu Theme 4 Assessment Contexts 21 Classroom-Based Assessment Issues for Language Teacher Education 303
Constant Leung 22 Assessment of Young Language Learners 312
Mikyung Kim Wolf 23 Monitoring Progress in the Classroom 326
Matthew E. Poehner and Rama Mathew 24 Diagnostic Assessment Feedback in the 21st- Century Technology-Rich Classroom 339
Eunice Eunhee Jang, Maryam Wagner, Liam Hannah, and Hyunah Kim 25 Evolution and Future Trends in Tests of English for University Admissions 355
Xiaoming Xi, Brent Bridgeman, and Cathy Wendler 26 Assessing Health and Other Professionals 371
Lynda Taylor and John Pill 27 Acoustic and Temporal Analysis for Assessing Speaking 383
Okim Kang and Lucy Pickering Theme 5 Assessment for Immigration and Citizenship 28 Language Testing for Residence and Citizenship in Europe: Justifications, Consequences, and Debates 401
Cecilie Hamnes Carlsen 29 Language Assessment for Immigration in Australia: Test- Policy- Discourse Entanglements and Their Ethical Implications 417
Kellie Frost 30 U.S. Immigration, Citizenship, and the Naturalization Test: Policies and practices 432
Antony John Kunnan Theme 6 Qualitative Research Methods 31 Introspective Methods 453
Miyuki Sasaki and Yuhang Hu 32 Test-Taking Strategies 473
Yuyang Cai 33 Consequences, Impact, and Washback 496
Liying Cheng 34 Language Testing in the Dock 509
Glenn Fulcher Theme 7 Quantitative Research Methods 35 Historical Overview of Classical Theory: Reliability 527
James Dean Brown 36 Classical Test Theory - Reliability 541
Yasuyo Sawaki 37 Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Score Interpretations in Language Assessment 555
Ikkyu Choi 38 Practical Uses of EFA and SEM for Language Assessment Researchers 570
Gary J. Ockey 39 Item Response Theory in Language Assessment 588
Shangchao Min and Lianzhen He 40 Many-Facet Rasch Analysis for Evaluating Second Language Tests 602
Khaled Barkaoui 41 Psychometric Considerations for a Computerized Adaptive Language Test 619
Steven W. Nydick, J.R. Lockwood, and Mancy Liao Theme 8 The Role of Technology 42 Computer-Assisted Language Testing 637
Ruslan Suvorov, Yasin Karatay, and Volker Hegelheimer 43 Computer-Adaptive Language Testing: Focus on Language Issues 649
Ramsey Cardwell, Ben Naismith, and Micheline Chalhoub-Deville 44 Automated Writing Evaluation 661
Jill Burstein and Yigal Attali 45 Detecting Plagiarism and Cheating 671Ardeshir Geranpayeh Index 681