Part I. Introduction and Perspectives: 1. An introduction to the 2nd Edition of the Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance: its development, organization, and content; 2. A sociological/philosophical perspective on expertise: the acquisition of expertise through socialization; 3. Re-framing expertise and its development: a lifeworld perspective; 4. The evolution of expertise; 5. Expertise in other non-human animals: canines as an example; Part II. Overview of Approaches to the Study of Expertise: Brief Historical Accounts of Theories and Methods; 6. Studies of expertise from psychological perspectives: historical foundations and recurrent themes; 7. Expert systems: a perspective from computer science; 8. Developing occupational expertise through everyday work activities and interactions; 9. Professionalism, science, and expert roles: a social perspective; Part III. Methods for Studying the Structure of Expertise: 10. Perception in expertise; 11. Eliciting and representing the knowledge of experts; 12. Capturing expert thought with protocol analysis: concurrent verbalizations of thinking during experts' performance on representative tasks; 13. Methods for studying the structure of expertise: psychometric approaches; 14. Studies of the activation and structural changes of the brain associated with expertise; Part IV. Methods for Studying the Acquisition and Maintenance of Expertise: 15. Collecting and assessing practice activity data: concurrent, retrospective and longitudinal approaches; 16. Multidisciplinary longitudinal studies: a perspective from the field of sports; 17. Using cases to understand expert performance: method and methodological triangulation; 18. Historiometric methods; Part V. Domains of Expertise; Section 1. Professional Domains: 19. Expertise in medicine and surgery; 20. Expertise and transportation; 21. Expertise in professional design; 22. Toward deliberate practice in the development of entrepreneurial expertise: the anatomy of the effectual ask; 23. Professional writing expertise; 24. Expertise and expert performance in teaching; 25. Expert professional judgments and 'naturalistic decision making'; 26. Decision making skill: from intelligence to numeracy and expertise; 27. What makes an expert team? A decade of research; Section 2. Arts, Sports, Games and Other Types of Expertise: 28. Expertise in music; 29. Brain changes associated with acquisition of musical expertise; 30. Expertise in drawing; 31. Expertise in chess; 32. Mathematical expertise; 33. Expertise in L2 vocabulary; 34. Expertise in sport: specificity, plasticity and adaptability in high-performance athletes; Part VI. Generalizable Mechanisms Mediating Types of Expertise; 35. Superior anticipation; 36. Superior working memory in experts; 37. Expertise and situation awareness; Part VII. General Issues and Theoretical Frameworks; 38. The differential influence of experience, practice, and deliberate practice on the development of superior individual performance of experts; 39. Practical intelligence and tacit knowledge: an ecological view of expertise; 40. Cognitive load and expertise reversal; 41. Expertise and structured imagination in creative thinking: reconsideration of an old question; 42. Aging and expertise.