The Editors

Kenneth J. Drobatz, DVM, MSCE, Diplomate ACVIM, Diplomate ACVECC, is Professor of Critical Care and Director of Emergency Services at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Kate Hopper, BVSc, PhD, Diplomate ACVECC, is Associate Professor at the University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in Davis, California, USA.

Elizabeth Rozanski, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM, Diplomate ACVECC, is Associate Professor at Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine in North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.

Deborah C. Silverstein, DVM, Diplomate ACVECC, is Professor of Critical Care at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Contributors xiii Preface xxix About the Companion Website xxx VOLUME 1 Section 1 Emergency Medicine Overview 1 1 Goals in Veterinary Emergency Medicine 3
Dustin Schmid and Bob Murtaugh 2 Triage 6
Nadja Sigrist Section 2 Common Conditions in Emergency Medicine 11 3 Neurological Disorders 13
Daniel J. Fletcher 4 Respiratory Distress 18
Elizabeth Rozanski 5 Ventricular Ectopy 22
Lisa A. Murphy and Reid K. Nakamura 6 Acute Abdomen 26
Amy Koenigshof 7 The Collapsed Patient 31
Anna R. Gelzer and Marc S. Kraus 8 Global Approach to the Trauma Patient 39
Katie D. Mauro and Kenneth J. Drobatz 9 Reproductive Emergencies 44
Maureen McMichael 10 Anemia 48
Jillian DiFazio and Susan G. Hackner 11 Jaundice 55
Leo Londoño and Michael Schaer 12 Ophthalmic Emergencies 60
Steven R. Hollingsworth 13 Vomiting, Regurgitation, and Diarrhea 66
Rebecca Flores and Deborah C. Mandell 14 Dysuria 72
Joseph Bartges 15 Dermatological and Ear Disease 76
Brian K. Roberts 16 Toxin Exposure 92
Tina A. Wismer 17 Epistaxis 97
Meghan E. Vaught and Elizabeth Rozanski 18 Fever 101
Melissa A. Claus Section 3 Emergency Conditions by System 107 A. Neurological Disorders 109 19 Traumatic Brain Injury 111
Jillian DiFazio and Daniel J. Fletcher 20 Altered Mentation 118
Cassie Ostroski and Kenneth J. Drobatz 21 Seizures 124
Leontine Benedicenti and Evelyn M. Galban 22 Intracranial Disease 131
Kendra Mikoloski 23 Vestibular Disease 137
Laura Harvey 24 Spinal Trauma 146
Patrick J. Kenny 25 Intervertebral Disk Disease 154
Evelyn M. Galban and Jonathan H. Wood 26 Diskospondylitis 161
Sheila Carrera-Justiz 27 Lower Motor Neuron Disease 166
Patrick J. Kenny, Dominic Barfield, and Richard Malik B. Respiratory Disease 177 28 Brachycephalic Syndrome 179
Guillaume L. Hoareau 29 Feline Upper Respiratory Complex 186
Alexandra Pfaff 30 Laryngeal Paralysis 193
Margo Mehl 31 Tracheobronchial Injury and Collapse 196
Dana L. Clarke 32 Acute Airway Obstruction 206
Dana L. Clarke 33 Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis 215
Lynelle R. Johnson 34 Feline Lower Airway Disease 220
Tekla Lee-Fowler 35 Puppy Pneumonia 225
Elizabeth Rozanski and Alex Lynch 36 Coughing and Hemoptysis 229
Geoff Heffner 37 Bronchopneumonia 234
Anthony L. Gonzalez and Lesley G. King 38 Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 242
Mark A. Oyama 39 Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema 247
Kenneth J. Drobatz 40 Submersion Injury 253
Nuno Félix and Isabelle Goy-Thollot 41 Pulmonary Hemorrhage 260
Søren Boysen 42 Pulmonary Thromboembolism 266
Ronald Li and Joshua A. Stern 43 Primary and Metastatic Pulmonary Neoplasia 273
Erika L. Krick 44 Pneumothorax 278
Erin Mooney 45 Pleural Effusion 285
Lori Waddell 46 Pyothorax 291
Kate Farrell and Steven Epstein 47 Diaphragmatic Hernia 298
Cara A. Blake 48 Penetrating Thoracic Trauma 304
Ingrid M. Balsa, Guillaume L. Hoareau, and William T.N. Culp 49 Blunt Thoracic Trauma 309
Guillaume L. Hoareau, Ingrid M. Balsa, and William T. N. Culp 50 Look-Alike Causes of Respiratory Distress 316
Angela Borchers and Laura Cagle C. Cardiovascular Disease 319 51 Mechanisms of Heart Failure 321
Mark A. Oyama 52 Congenital Cardiovascular Disease 325
Joshua A. Stern 53 Arrhythmias 329
Meg M. Sleeper 54 Pericardial Effusion 336
Sean B. Majoy 55 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 341
Suzanne M. Cunningham and Kursten V. Pierce 56 Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 349
Lance C. Visser 57 Valvular Heart Disease 355
John MacGregor 58 Heartworm Disease 362
Marisa K. Ames 59 Pulmonary Hypertension 372
Rebecca Quinn 60 Bradyarrhythmias and Pacemakers 380
Lance C. Visser 61 Myocarditis 385
Lisa A. Murphy and Reid K. Nakamura 62 Thromboembolic Disease 388
Julien Guillaumin 63 Systemic Arterial Hypertension 397
Amanda E. Coleman D. Hematological and Oncological Disorders 405 64 Leukocytosis and Leukopenia 407
Andrew G. Burton and Karl E. Jandrey 65 Non-Regenerative Anemia 413
Alex Lynch 66 Hemolytic Anemia 419
Megan Morgan and Susan G. Hackner 67 Thrombocytopenia 427
Maureen McMichael 68 Fibrinolysis and Antifibrinolytics 430
Jo-Annie Letendre and Robert Goggs 69 Congenital Coagulopathy 440
Elizabeth Rozanski and Armelle de Laforcade 70 Acquired Coagulopathy 444
Ronald Li 71 Antithrombotics in the Emergency Room 455
Armelle de Laforcade 72 Sick Oncology Patients in the Emergency Room 459
Kim Slensky and Craig A. Clifford 73 Paraneoplastic Syndromes 467
Alycen P. Lundberg and Laura D. Garrett E. Esophageal and Abdominal Disease 473 74 Vomiting and Regurgitation 475
Jayme E. Hoffberg 75 Esophageal Foreign Bodies 481
Mark P. Rondeau 76 Diarrhea 485
Marko Pipan 77 Hematemesis and Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 490
Kayla Hanson and Elke Rudloff 78 Parvovirus Enteritis 496
Raegan J. Wells and Lauren A. Sullivan 79 Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis 501
Erica L. Reineke 80 Protein-Losing Enteropathy 506
Rachel E. Smith and Robert J. Washabau 81 Gastrointestinal Obstruction 511
Chap Pratt 82 Gastric Dilation-Volvulus 520
Elke Rudloff 83 Mesenteric Torsion 524
Fabio Vigano' 84 Hemoperitoneum 528
S. Anna Pesillo-Crosby 85 Splenic Disease 535
Alex Lynch and Therese E. O'Toole 86 Pancreatitis 541
Erica Tinson and Elise Boller 87 Peritonitis 550
Medora Pashmakova and James Barr 88 Postoperative Complications Presenting to the Emergency Service 556
Therese E. O'Toole 89 Biliary Disease 561
Amanda K. Boag and Steve J. Mehler 90 Acute Liver Failure 566
Deborah C. Mandell 91 Feeding Tube Complications 578
Daniel L. Chan 92 Anorectal Disease 582
David E. Holt 93 Constipation 587
Mark P. Rondeau Index i1 VOLUME 2 F. Urogenital Disorders 593
94 Acute Azotemia 595
Carrie Palm 95 Oliguria 601
J.D. Foster 96 Urinary Tract Infections 606
Reid Groman 97 Urolithiasis 620
Joseph Bartges 98 Feline Ureteral Obstruction: Diagnosis and Management 627
Allyson Berent 99 Feline Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction 634
Edward Cooper 100 Urethral Trauma 641
Elena S. Addison and Donald A. Yool 101 Lyme Nephritis 646
Meryl P. Littman 102 Chronic Kidney Disease 653
Melisa G. Rosenthal and Mary A. Labato 103 Uroabdomen 659
Saya Press and Anusha Balakrishnan 104 Urethral Prolapse 665
Jennifer Carr 105 Discolored Urine 667
Julie M. Walker 106 Urinary Diversion in the Emergency Room 673
Cassie Ostroski and Dana L. Clarke G. Acid-base, Electrolyte and Endocrine Disorders 681 107 Acid-Base Disorders 683
Kate Hopper 108 Sodium and Water Balance 690
Yu Ueda and Kate Hopper 109 Potassium Disorders 700
Sabrina N. Hoehne and Matthew Mellema 110 Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus Disorders 709
Matthew Mellema 111 Hypoglycemia 719
Anthony L. Gonzalez and Deborah C. Silverstein 112 Hyperglycemia 726
Gideon Daniel and Alex Lynch 113 Complicated Diabetes Mellitus 729
Amie Koenig 114 Adrenal Gland Disorders 736
Jonathan D. Dear and Guillaume L. Hoareau 115 Hypoadrenocorticism 742
Søren Boysen 116 Thyroid Disorders 752
Jonathan D. Dear 117 Diabetes Insipidus 757
Jamie M. Burkitt Creedon H. Reproductive Disorders 763 118 Dystocia 765
Liam Donaldson and Philip Thomas 119 Eclampsia 771
Michelle A. Kutzler 120 Neonatal Resuscitation 775
Carol A. Margolis and Margret L. Casal 121 Diseases of the Neonate 779
Andrea Hesser and Autumn P. Davidson 122 Metritis and Mastitis 791
Sophie A. Grundy 123 Pyometra 795
Grayson B. Wallace and Margret L. Casal 124 Prostatic Disease 802
Autumn P. Davidson 125 Uterine and Vaginal Prolapse 807
Michelle A. Kutzler 126 Penile, Preputial, and Testicular Disease 812
James Lavely and Autumn P. Davidson I. Common Toxins 819 127 Decontamination and Toxicological Analyses of the Poisoned Patient 821
Justine A. Lee 128 Lipid "Rescue" Therapy 831
Kathryn Benavides and Jonathan Babyak 129 Blood Purification Techniques for Intoxications 835
Carrie Palm 130 Rodenticide Toxicity 841
Jesse Bullock and Alex Lynch 131 Ethylene Glycol Intoxication 846
Rachel B. Davy-Moyle and Leo Londoño 132 Acetaminophen Intoxication 851
Amanda Thomer and Lesley G. King 133 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Intoxications 856
Angela Borchers 134 Grape, Raisin, and Lily Ingestion 862
J.D. Foster 135 Recreational Drug Intoxications 866
Melissa Bucknoff 136 Household Toxins 871
Lindsey Nielsen J. Skin and Soft Tissue Disease 875 137 Life-Threatening Dermatological Emergencies 877
Brian K. Roberts 138 Severe Soft Tissue Infections 892
Melissa Clark and Yekaterina Buriko K. Environmental Emergencies 897 139 Smoke Inhalation Toxicity 899
Erin McGowan and Kenneth J. Drobatz 140 Porcupine Quilling 905
Elizabeth Rozanski 141 Crotalinae Snake Envenomation 909
Raegan J. Wells

142 Elapid Snake Envenomation: North American Coral Snakes and Australian Elapids (Tiger Snakes, Brown Snakes, Taipans, Death Adders, and Black Snakes) 914
Katrin Swindells and Michael Schaer 143 Spider and Scorpion Envenomation 921
Kate Hopper 144 Bufo Toad Toxicosis 926
Leo Londoño and Gareth Buckley 145 Hymenoptera Envenomation 930
Rebecca Flores and Vincent Thawley 146 Hypersensitivity and Anaphylaxis 936
Sabrina N. Hoehne and Kate Hopper 147 Canine Heat Stroke 942
Yaron Bruchim and Efrat Kelmer 148 Cold Exposure 950
Karol A. Mathews 149 Electrical and Lightning Injuries 956
F.A. (Tony) Mann Section 4 Trauma and Resuscitation 963 A. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 965 150 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Emergency Room 967
Daniel J. Fletcher and Manuel Boller 151 Small Animal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Initiatives 974
Manuel Boller and Daniel J. Fletcher B. Circulatory Shock 979 152 Pathophysiology of Shock 981
Edward Cooper 153 Hypovolemic Shock 986
Corrin Boyd and Lisa Smart 154 Cardiogenic Shock 993
Luiz Bolfer and Meg M. Sleeper 155 Additional Mechanisms of Shock...