Ali Parizad, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Associate at the Advanced Research Institute (ARI) of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, USA. Leveraging his extensive academic background, he served as a Senior Data Scientist in the IDA Data Science & Machine Learning (DSML) Department at Shell Energy. He holds the position of Staff Power Systems Machine Learning Engineer at Thinklabs AI, where he tackles critical challenges in power systems with cutting-edge AI applications.

Hamid Reza Baghaee, PhD, is an Associate Research Professor at Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Saifur Rahman, PhD, is the founding director of the Advanced Research Institute at Virginia Tech, where he is the Joseph R. Loring Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

About the Editors xxv List of Contributors xxix Foreword (John D. McDonald) xxxvii Foreword (Massoud Amin) xxxix Preface for Volume 1: Smart Cyber-Physical Power Systems: Fundamental Concepts, Challenges, and Solutions xliii Acknowledgments xlv 1 Overview of Smart Cyber-Physical Power Systems: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Solutions 1Ali Parizad, Hamid Reza Baghaee, and Saifur Rahman 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Structural Overview and Roadmap of the Book 1 1.3 General Concepts of the Cyber-Physical Systems 7 1.4 Cyber-Physical Energy and Power Systems (CPEPSS) 16 1.5 From Conventional Distribution Networks to Smart Grids 21 1.6 Smart Grid Ecosystem (From Smart Buildings to Smart Grid) 42 1.7 Cybersecurity in Modern Power Systems 54 1.8 Conclusions 63 References 64 2 Global Demand Response Status: Potentials, Barriers, and Solutions 71Sanchari Deb, Elahe Doroudchi, Sergio Motta, Matti Aro, and Amir Safdarian 2.1 Background 71 2.2 Global Status of DR Programs 72 2.3 AI and ML Applications in DR 75 2.4 Case Study 77 2.5 Discussion 81 References 81 3 Smart Power/Energy Management and Optimization in Microgrids 85Talal Saleh, Omar Mohamed, Seyed Farhad Zandrazavi, and Miadreza Shafie-khah 3.1 Introduction 85 3.2 Materials and Methods 86 3.3 Simulation and Results 91 3.4 Discussion 94 3.5 Conclusions 95 References 96 4 Smart City Energy Infrastructure as a Cyber-Physical System of Systems: Planning, Operation, and Control Processes 99Mahdi Nozarian, Alireza Fereidunian, and Masoud Barati 4.1 Introduction 99 4.2 Cyber-Physical System of Systems 100 4.3 Cyber-Physical System of System Application Domains 103 4.4 Smart City Cyber-Physical System of Systems 106 4.5 Smart City Energy Cyber-Physical System of Systems 109 4.6 Planning, Operation, and Control Process in Smart City Energy Cyber-Physical System of Systems 112 4.7 Emergence in Smart City Energy Cyber-Physical System of Systems 115 4.8 Conclusions 116 References 117 5 Metaverse Local Energy Market in Smart City: A Descriptive Model and Strategic Development Analysis 125Mohammad Ghafourian Nasiri, Zahra Iranpour Mobarakeh, Mahdi Nozarian, Alireza Fereidunian, Sabrieh Choobkar, and Hossein Jobran 5.1 Introduction 125 5.2 Background 126 5.3 Concepts 127 5.4 Case Study: Local Energy Market in Metaverse 129 5.5 Discussions and Conclusions 132 References 133 6 Cooperative and Distributed Control Strategies of Microgrids 135Mahmood Jamali and Mahdieh S. Sadabadi 6.1 Introduction 135 6.2 Fault-Tolerant Secondary Control Schemes in Islanded AC Microgrids 137 6.3 Finite-Time Fault-Tolerant Voltage Control 140 6.4 Case Studies 143 6.5 Concluding Remarks 148 References 149 7 Interconnected Microgrid Systems: Architecture, Hierarchical Control, and Implementation 151Tung Lam Nguyen, Yu Wang, Ha Thi Nguyen, and Tran The Hoang 7.1 Introduction 151 7.2 Architecture 152 7.3 Hierarchical Control of Interconnected MGs 153 7.4 The Multi-Agent System 157 7.5 The Implementation on a Real-Time Cyber-Physical Testbed 158 7.6 Conclusions 164 References 165 8 Internet of Energy, and Internet of Microgrids (IoE, IoM) 167Jonatas Boas Leite and Mladen Kezunovic 8.1 Introduction 167 8.2 Interfacing of the IoT Node for Self-Healing Strategies 168 8.3 Performance Assessment Results 176 8.4 Concluding Remarks 183 References 183 9 Voltage Regulation and Reactive Power Optimization for Integration of Distributed Energy Resources into Smart Grids 187Firdous Ul Nazir, Bikash C. Pal, and Rabih A. Jabr 9.1 Introduction 187 9.2 Traditional Volt/Var Control 188 9.3 Network Model 189 9.4 Chance-Constrained Volt/Var Control 190 9.5 Solution Algorithm 192 9.6 Results 195 9.7 Approximate Load Models for Advanced VVC Functions 197 9.8 Binomial Approximation Method 198 9.9 Linear Regression Method 199 9.10 Results 200 9.11 Conservation Voltage Reduction 202 9.12 Conclusions 202 References 203 10 The Role of Data Analysis in Hosting Capacities of Distribution Power Systems for Electric Vehicles 207Alireza Ghadertootoonchi, Mehdi Davoudi, Mohaddeseh Koochaki, and Moein Moeini-Aghatie Nomenclature 207 10.1 EVs' Power Demand Forecast Methods 208 10.2 Review of EVs' Energy Management Strategies 212 10.3 Uncertainties Regarding EVs and Their Impact on the Power Networks 217 10.4 Data Analyses Application in Technical Issues of EVs 225 10.5 Concluding Remarks 235 References 236 11 Energy Efficiency in Smart Buildings Through IoT Sensor Integration 247Saifur Rahman and Ali Parizad 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 Building Automation Solution Landscape 252 11.3 Bemoss Tm Features 253 11.4 Targeted Buildings and Loads 256 11.5 BEMOSS TM Architecture 261 11.6 BEMOSS TM Auxiliary Functions 266 11.7 Multiple-protocol Interoperability 267 11.8 Test Results 268 11.9 BEMOSS TM Platform for Campus Applications 289 11.10 Conclusion 290 11.11 Exploring Other Capabilities of the BEMOSS TM Platform 290 References 290 12 Optimal Dispatch of Smart Energy System Based on Cyber-Physical-Social Integration 293Jizhong Zhu, Ziyu Chen, Wanli Wu, and Chenke He 12.1 Introduction 293 12.2 CPSS Model 294 12.3 The Cooperative Operation in V2G 302 12.4 Framework of a Charging Station with Battery Swapping Mode 307 12.5 Conclusion 313 References 313 13 Power Distribution Systems Self-Healing 315Konrad Schmitt, Manohar Chamana, Meisam Mahdavi, Stephen Bayne, and Luciane Neves 13.1 Introduction 315 13.2 Historical Notes 316 13.3 Self-Healing Concept 319 13.4 Mathematical Formulation 323 13.5 Case Studies 330 13.6 Concluding Remarks 338 References 339 14 Resiliency, Reliability, and Security of Cyber-Physical Power System 343Mohsen Chegnizadeh, Mahmoud Fotuhi-Firuzabad, and Sajjad Fatahian dehkordi Abbreviations 343 14.1 Introduction and Motivation 344 14.2 Conceptual and Definitional Studies 346 14.3 Application of Machine Learning in Power Systems 350 14.4 Case Study 355 14.5 Conclusion 360 Acknowledgments 360 References 360 15 Cyberattacks on Power Systems 365Alfan Presekal, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Alexandru ¿tefanov, Kaikai Pan, and Peter Palensky 15.1 Introduction 365 15.2 Cyber Kill Chain 366 15.3 Review of Major Cyberattacks 368 15.4 Taxonomy of Cyberattacks on Power Grids 374 15.5 Impact of Cyberattacks on Power Grids 389 15.6 Study Case and Simulation Results 391 15.7 Conclusion 393 Acknowledgement 394 List of Acronyms 396 References 398 16 Vulnerabilities of Machine Learning Algorithms to Adversarial Attacks for Cyber-Physical Power Systems 405Tapadhir Das, Raj Mani Shukla, Mohammed Ben-Idris, and Shamik Sengupta 16.1 Introduction 405 16.2 Vulnerabilities of ML Algorithms to Adversarial Attacks 407 16.3 Theoretical Foundations and Applications of Adversarial Attacks 412 16.4 Attack Models Under Different Scenarios Including Full, Limited, and No Knowledge About the Target Model 414 16.5 Real-Life Practical Adversarial Example Generation and Implementation in CPPS 417 16.6 Protection Strategies Against Adversarial Attacks 418 16.7 Conclusion and Recommendation 421 References 422 17 Synchrophasor Data Anomaly Detection for Wide-Area Monitoring and Control in Cyber-Power Systems 425A.K. Srivastava, S. Pandey, A. Ahmed, S. Basumalik, and S.K. Sadanandan 17.1 Introduction 425 17.2 Synchrophasor-Based Wide-Area Monitoring and Control 426 17.3 Synchrophasor Data Flow, Anomalies, and Impacts 427 17.4 Synchrophasor Anomalies Detection and Classification (SyADC) 429 17.5 Quality-Aware Synchrophasor-Based Monitoring and Control Applications 441 17.6 Summary 445 Acknowledgements 446 References 446 18 Application of State Observers and Filters in Protection and Cyber-Security of Power Grids 451Mohammadmahdi Asghari, Amir Ameli, Mohsen Ghafouri, and Mohammad N. Uddin 18.1 Introduction 451 18.2 State-Space Model of Systems 452 18.3 Properties of State-Space Models 454 18.4 State Observers and Filters 455 18.5 Application of Observers and Filters in Improving the Authenticity and Accuracy of Measured Data 467 18.6 Case Study 1: Attack Detection and Identification for Automatic Generation Control Systems 469 18.7 Case Study 2: Developing Wide-Band Current Transformers for Traveling-wave-based Protection 480 18.8 Case Study 3: Fault Diagnosis in Transformers Using LPV Observers 489 18.9 Conclusion 498 References 498 19 Anomaly Detection and Mitigation in Cyber-Physical Power Systems Based on Hybrid Deep Learning and Attack Graphs 505Alfan Presekal, Alexandru ¿tefanov, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, and Peter Palensky Abbreviations 505 19.1 Power Grid Cyber Resilience 506 19.2 Operational Technologies and Secure Communication Protocols 508 19.3 Cyber-Physical System Co-Simulation and Cyber Ranges 512 19.4 Network Security Controls 516 19.5 Hybrid Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection in Power System OT Networks 521 19.6 Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Anomaly Detection 522 19.7 Attack Graph for Situational Awareness 525 19.8 Cyber Attack Case Studies 527 19.9 Conclusions 531 Acknowledgments 531 References 532 20 Attack Detection and Countermeasures at Edge Devices 539Fahim Ahmed and Md Tanvir Arafin 20.1 Introduction 539 20.2 Attack Surfaces for Edge Devices 540 20.3 Security Issues and Common Attacks in Edge Devices 543 20.4 Attack Detection Techniques and Countermeasures 547 20.5 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 550 Acknowledgments 550 References 551 21 Privacy-Preserving Outage Detection in Modern Distribution Grids: Challenges and Opportunities 555Chenhan Xiao, Yizheng Liao, and Yang Weng 21.1 Introduction 555 21.2 Preliminaries 557 21.3 Privacy-Aware Line Outage Detection with Boosted Performance 559 21.4 Validation on Extensive Outage Scenarios with Real-World Data 565 21.5 Conclusions 572 References 572 22 Transactive Energy Management and Distribution System Reform Using Market Concepts 575Amr A. Mohamed, Bala Venkatesh, Carlos Sabillon, and Ali Golriz Nomenclature 575 22.1 Introduction 576 22.2 Proposed TEM Market Platform 578 22.3 Demonstrative Case Studies 583 22.4 Conclusion Remarks and Prospects for the Future 590 References 591...