Mark Mergaerts is a principal technical consultant working for Logos Consulting, a Belgian consulting company that focuses exclusively on SAP technology. Before that, he worked for SAP Belgium between 1995 and 2011, giving him almost 20 years of SAP BC experience. His activities concentrate on system administration, database management, performance, upgrades (he has been upgrading SAP since the days of release 2.1), and platform and Unicode migrations.

Maintain the database, archive data, set up security, monitor and tune the system, and more

... Preface ... 25

... Who Is This Book For? ... 25

... How Is This Book Organized? ... 26

... Acknowledgments ... 29

1 ... The Future of the Basis Administrator ... 31

1.1 ... SAP S/4HANA: On-Premise and in the Cloud ... 32

1.2 ... RISE with SAP ... 33

1.3 ... Summary ... 36

2 ... Overview of the ABAP Platform ... 37

2.1 ... Components of the ABAP Platform ... 38

2.2 ... Client/Server Architecture ... 42

2.3 ... Presentation Layer ... 43

2.4 ... Application Layer ... 53

2.5 ... Database Layer ... 60

2.6 ... SAP S/4HANA and the Internet ... 66

2.7 ... Summary ... 70

3 ... Architecture ... 71

3.1 ... Component Overview ... 71

3.2 ... Dialog Processing ... 75

3.3 ... Background Processing ... 78

3.4 ... Updating ... 106

3.5 ... Lock Management ... 121

3.6 ... Output Management ... 131

3.7 ... Internet and Communication ... 165

3.8 ... Summary ... 196

4 ... Technical Requirements and Operations ... 197

4.1 ... Product Availability Matrix ... 198

4.2 ... SAP S/4HANA Application Layer on Linux and UNIX ... 202

4.3 ... SAP S/4HANA Application Layer on Microsoft Windows ... 212

4.4 ... SAP HANA Database Layer ... 219

4.5 ... Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring Instances on Linux and UNIX ... 226

4.6 ... Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring Instances on Microsoft Windows ... 231

4.7 ... Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring SAP HANA ... 235

4.8 ... Troubleshooting SAP S/4HANA Instances ... 244

4.9 ... Troubleshooting the SAP HANA Database System ... 250

4.10 ... Summary ... 260

5 ... Client Administration ... 263

5.1 ... Data Types ... 264

5.2 ... Clients in an SAP System ... 265

5.3 ... How the System Keeps Clients Apart ... 266

5.4 ... Creating Clients ... 268

5.5 ... Logical Systems ... 274

5.6 ... Copying Clients ... 276

5.7 ... Client Transport ... 283

5.8 ... Working with Table Snapshots ... 289

5.9 ... Deleting a Client ... 292

5.10 ... Transport-Based Copy ... 292

5.11 ... Special Operations for Clients ... 294

5.12 ... Cleaning Up Logs ... 298

5.13 ... Table Logging ... 299

5.14 ... Summary ... 302

6 ... Change Management and Transports in the System Landscape ... 305

6.1 ... Key Terms ... 306

6.2 ... Development Objects ... 307

6.3 ... Change Requests ... 312

6.4 ... Transactions for Managing Change Requests ... 322

6.5 ... Preparing the Transport System ... 328

6.6 ... Transport Management System ... 335

6.7 ... Special Transport Topics ... 351

6.8 ... Summary ... 361

7 ... Maintaining Instances ... 363

7.1 ... Parameters and Profile Maintenance ... 364

7.2 ... Display and Maintain Parameters Online ... 377

7.3 ... Operation Modes ... 381

7.4 ... Dynamic Work Processes ... 389

7.5 ... User Load-Balancing ... 392

7.6 ... RFC Server Groups ... 397

7.7 ... Summary ... 400

8 ... Users and Authorizations ... 401

8.1 ... Users in SAP ... 401

8.2 ... Managing Users ... 403

8.3 ... Mass User Changes ... 411

8.4 ... Password and Login Security ... 414

8.5 ... Authorization Concept ... 419

8.6 ... Managing Roles ... 427

8.7 ... Authorization Profiles ... 446

8.8 ... User Information Management System ... 447

8.9 ... Central User Administration ... 449

8.10 ... Summary ... 458

9 ... Security ... 461

9.1 ... Authentication and Single Sign-On ... 462

9.2 ... Securing Communication ... 488

9.3 ... SAP Web Dispatcher ... 501

9.4 ... Restricting Access ... 517

9.5 ... Protecting Data ... 530

9.6 ... Auditing ... 544

9.7 ... Summary ... 558

10 ... Monitoring Activities ... 559

10.1 ... Application Servers and Work Processes ... 559

10.2 ... Message Server ... 568

10.3 ... Gateway Monitor ... 573

10.4 ... Developer Traces ... 576

10.5 ... System Messages ... 580

10.6 ... User Overview ... 583

10.7 ... System Log ... 584

10.8 ... Runtime Errors ... 586

10.9 ... Host Monitoring ... 589

10.10 ... Summary ... 593

11 ... Performance and Tuning ... 595

11.1 ... Dialog Steps and Response Time ... 596

11.2 ... Statistical Records ... 604

11.3 ... Monitoring the Workload with Transaction ST03 ... 606

11.4 ... Working with Statistical Records: Transaction STATS ... 626

11.5 ... Database Monitors ... 639

11.6 ... Monitoring the Servers ... 645

11.7 ... Memory Management ... 648

11.8 ... Table Buffering ... 659

11.9 ... Summary ... 671

12 ... SAP HANA Database Administration ... 673

12.1 ... Introduction to SAP HANA ... 673

12.2 ... DBA Cockpit for SAP HANA ... 689

12.3 ... SAP HANA Cockpit ... 701

12.4 ... SAP HANA Studio ... 722

12.5 ... Command-Line Tools ... 733

12.6 ... Summary ... 744

13 ... Development ... 745

13.1 ... Development Tools ... 746

13.2 ... Developing a Simple Program ... 748

13.3 ... Changing SAP Code ... 765

13.4 ... Creating and Changing Dictionary Objects ... 767

13.5 ... Performance Analysis Tools ... 778

13.6 ... Summary ... 798

14 ... Data Archiving ... 801

14.1 ... Archive Development Kit ... 802

14.2 ... Archiving Objects ... 803

14.3 ... Storage Options ... 805

14.4 ... Preparation Activities ... 810

14.5 ... Executing Archiving Runs ... 814

14.6 ... Access Options for Archived Data ... 826

14.7 ... Summary ... 832

15 ... Data Distribution and Transfer ... 833

15.1 ... Destinations ... 834

15.2 ... Server Groups and Parallel Processing ... 842

15.3 ... Transactional RFCs ... 847

15.4 ... Queued and Background RFCs ... 848

15.5 ... Application Link Enabling ... 863

15.6 ... Data Transfer ... 874

15.7 ... Summary ... 877

16 ... Frontend Components ... 879

16.1 ... SAP GUI ... 879

16.2 ... SAP Fiori and SAP Fiori Launchpad ... 903

16.3 ... Summary ... 925

17 ... Installations and System Copies ... 927

17.1 ... Software Logistics Toolset ... 927

17.2 ... Software Provisioning Manger ... 929

17.3 ... Installing an SAP S/4HANA System ... 936

17.4 ... Copying an SAP S/4HANA System ... 973

17.5 ... Deleting an SAP S/4HANA System ... 993

17.6 ... Summary ... 996

18 ... Support Packages and Add-ons ... 997

18.1 ... Release and Maintenance Strategy ... 998

18.2 ... Software Update Manager ... 1000

18.3 ... Maintenance Planner ... 1003

18.4 ... Preparing the Update ... 1010

18.5 ... Performing the Update ... 1017

18.6 ... Patching with Transaction SPAM ... 1039

18.7 ... Installing Add-Ons ... 1045

18.8 ... Summary ... 1050

19 ... Services and Support ... 1051

19.1 ... SAP Support Portal and SAP ONE Support Launchpad ... 1051

19.2 ... SAP for ME ... 1052

19.3 ... SAP Notes and Knowledge Base Articles ... 1054

19.4 ... Report an Incident ... 1056

19.5 ... View Incidents ... 1058

19.6 ... Software Downloads ... 1059

19.7 ... Manage Users ... 1060

19.8 ... Request License Keys ... 1061

19.9 ... Manage Remote Connections ... 1062

19.10 ... Additional Sources ... 1066

19.11 ... Summary ... 1068

20 ... A Day in the Life of an SAP System Administrator ... 1069

20.1 ... Daily Tasks ... 1070

20.2 ... Weekly Tasks ... 1072

20.3 ... Monthly Tasks ... 1073

20.4 ... Summary ... 1074

21 ... Installing Your Own System ... 1075

21.1 ... SAP Cloud Appliance Library ... 1076

21.2 ... SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP Developer Edition ... 1085

21.3 ... Summary ... 1092

... Appendices ... 1093

A ... References and Further Reading ... 1093

B ... The Authors ... 1097

... Index ... 1099