Charles D. Smith

PROLOGUE. The Arab-Israeli Conflict in Historical Perspective: The Middle East and Palestine to 1517
Ancient Israel and Palestine to the Coming of IslamPolitical Fragmentation and Rebellion to the Roman Period
Palestine under Roman and Byzantine Rule
The Arabs and the Spread of IslamIslam and Its Relationship to Judaism and Christianity
Palestine under Muslim Rule to 1517
Chronology

1. OTTOMAN SOCIETY, PALESTINE, AND THE ORIGINS OF ZIONISM, 1516-1914
Commercial Relations and Military Decline, 1500-1800
Regional Strife, Imperial Interventions, and Ottoman Retraction, 1800-1914
Ottoman Society and European Inroads: Communal Tensions in an Age of Reform
Palestine in the Nineteenth Century
Changing Patterns: Trade, Land, Agriculture, and Population
Zionism: Its Origins and Development to 1914The Jews of Western Europe
Eastern European Jewry and the Rise of Zionism
Theodor Herzl and the Zionist Movement to 1914
The Arab Response to Zionism
Ottoman Policies and Jewish Land Purchases
Growing Apprehension: Palestine and the Arab World
Conclusion
Questions for Consideration
Chronology
DOCUMENT 1.1 The Islahat Fermani [Hatti Humayoun] of February 44 1856
DOCUMENT 1.2Theodor Herzl, Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State)
DOCUMENT 1.3Naguib Azoury, From The Awakening of the Arab Nation, 1905

2. WORLD WAR I, GREAT BRITAIN, AND THE PEACE SETTLEMENTS: Deciding Palestine's Fate, 1914-1921
World War I: The Ottoman Empire and the European PowersBritish Imperial Objectives
Britain, the Arabs, and the Husayn-McMahon Correspondence, 1915-1916The Lure of an Arab Revolt
The Husayn-McMahon Correspondence: Defining the Terms
McMahon's Deception: The Roots of Arab Bitterness
Anglo-French Interests and the Sykes-Picot AgreementSpheres of Control and Influence
British Evaluation of Their Commitments
Britain, Palestine, and the Balfour DeclarationChaim Weizmann and British Politics
British War Aims and Palestine
Negotiating the Text
Goals versus Promises: The European Powers, Zionism, and the Arabs, 1917-1918Reassuring Sharif Husayn
Syria and "Self-Determination"
Zionist-Arab Fears: The Faysal-Weizmann Agreement
The Peace Settlements and the Mandate SystemFaysal and the British-French Struggle for Syriä
Wilson, the League of Nations, and the Mandate System
Postwar Crises and the Creation of Transjordan
Conclusion
Questions for Consideration
Chronology
DOCUMENT 2.1 The Husayn-McMahon Correspondence, July 1915-January 1916
DOCUMENT 2.2Drafts and Final Text of the Balfour Declaration
DOCUMENT 2.3The Faysal-Weizmann Agreement, January 3, 1919
DOCUMENT 2.4Resolutions of the General Syrian Congress, July 2 ,1919
DOCUMENT 2.5Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, January 1920
DOCUMENT 2.6The Mandate for Palestine, July 24, 1922

3. PALESTINE BETWEEN THE WARS: Zionism, the Palestinian Arabs, and the British Mandate, 1920-1939
The First Phase: Hopes Fulfilled and Dashed, 1918-1920
Political Leadership in Palestinian Arab and Zionist CommunitiesPalestinian Arabs and British Policies
Zionist Leadership in Palestine and Abroad
Jews and Arabs under the Mandate: The Clash of Conflicting AspirationsThe Land Question
The Conflict over the Western Wall, 1928-1929
Investigations and Retractions: The Passfield White Paper
European Crises and Their Repercussions: Yishuv Expansion and Arab RebellionThe Arab Revolt: Its Roots and Impact on Palestine
Britain Rethinks Its Obligations: The 1939 White PaperPalestine in British Strategy
Partition Foiled: The Woodhead Commission
The St. James Conference
The 1939 White Paper
Great Britain and Palestine on the Eve of World War II
Conclusion
Questions for Consideration
Chronology
DOCUMENT 3.1The Churchill White Paper, July 1, 1922
DOCUMENT 3.2Palestine Royal (Peel) Commission Report, July 1937
DOCUMENT 3.3The 1939 White Paper

4. WORLD WAR II AND THE CREATION OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL, 1939-1949
Palestine, Zionism, and the War Effort, 1939-1945
World War II and the Middle East
Palestine: Jewish Immigration and the British Response
The Jewish Division and the Question of Jewish Military Capabilities
The Biltmore Conference and Its Consequences
The White Paper, Partition, and Britain's Place in the Middle East, 1942-1945
Jewish Terrorism, the Hagana, and the British, 1940-1945
Palestinian Arab Leadership and the Question of Arab Unity, 1939-1945
The End of the Mandate and the Creation of Israel, 1945-1949The Middle East and Postwar Tensions: Origins of the Cold War
Anglo-American Perspectives on Palestine
Great Britain, the United States, and Zionism, July 1945-February 1947
UNSCOP and United Nations' Ratification of Partition, February-November 1947
The Battle for Palestine/Israel, December 1947-May 1948
The Arab-Israeli Wars and the Armistices, 1948-1949
Conclusion
Questions for Consideration
Chronology
DOCUMENT 4.1The "Final Solution": Nazi Extermination of European Jewry
DOCUMENT 4.2UNSCOP's Plan of Partition with Economic Union
DOCUMENT 4.3Jamal al-Husayni, Testimony on Palestinian Arab Reaction to the UNSCOP Proposals, September 29, 1947
DOCUMENT 4.4Rabbi Hillel Silver, Testimony on Zionist Reaction to the UNSCOP Proposals, October 2, 1947
DOCUMENT 4.5Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948

5. THE BEGINNING OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT: Regional Strife and Cold War Rivalries, 1949-1957
Israel, the Arab States, and the Palestinian/Israeli Arabs, 1949-1954
Israel: Government, Citizenship, and the Law
Israeli Arabs: Dispossession and Isolation
The Palestinian Refugees
The Western Allies, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict
Israeli Views of Arabs and the World
The Arab States: Domestic Turmoil and Regional Rivalries
The Cold War and the Middle East: Looking for Allies, 1953-1955
Containment and the Northern Tier Concept
The Baghdad Pact
Israel, the Lavon Affair, and the Gaza Raid
The Gaza Raid and the Czech Arms Deal
Israel and France Draw Closer
Border Clashes and Blockade of the Straits of Tiran
Countdown to Suez: Failed Diplomacy and Dreams of Empire, January-November 1956Carrots and Sticks: Projects and Peace Proposals
Nasser Nationalizes the Canal
Invasion Plans Take Shape
The Attacks and Their Aftermath
Conclusion
Questions for Consideration
DOCUMENT 5.1 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 [Palestinian Refugee Question] - Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator, December 11, 1948
DOCUMENT 5.2Letter on the Position of the Palestinian Refugees, November 17, 1949
DOCUMENT 5.3Gamal Abd al-Nasser, Speech Justifying Nationalization of the Suez Canal Company, July 28, 1956
DOCUMENT 5.4Golda Meir, Speech to the United Nations General Assembly, March 1, 1957

6. FROM SUEZ TO THE SIX-DAY WAR, 1957-1967
The Struggle for Syria and the Creation of the United Arab Republic, 1957-1958The United States, Syria, and the Cold War
The United Arab Republic: Context and Significance
Lebanon: Political Strife, Civil War, and Regional Crisis, 1957-1958Maronite Catholics and Lebanese Political Alignments
Lebanon's Civil War and the Iraqi Revolution
The Arab World in American Perspective: The Cold War Context
Inter-Arab and Arab-Israeli Tensions, 1958-1964Nasser Strives to Dominate Arab Politics
Water Wars: Israeli-Syrian Clashes and the Arab Response
The Palestine Question in Arab Politics: The Palestine Liberation Organization and al-Fatah
Israeli Politics to 1967
Great-Power Rivalries in the Middle East to 1967The United States between Israel and the Arabs
Lyndon Johnson and Israel
The Soviet Union and the Arab World
The Crisis Escalates: Military Clashes, Misleading Assurances, and Failed DiplomacySyrian-Israeli Tensions and Threats
The Egyptian Blockade of the Tiran Straits
Israeli Debates: Eshkol and the Generals
Israel Attacks: U.S. Assurances and the Pending Egyptian Peace Initiative
The Six-Day War: Israel's Conquests and American Expectations
Conclusion
Questions for Consideration
Chronology
DOCUMENT 6.1Communiqué No. 1 from Headquarters of Asifa Forces (Fatah), January 6, 1965
DOCUMENT 6.2Gamal Abd al-Nasser, Speech to Members of the Egyptian National Assembly, May 29, 1967
DOCUMENT 6.3Abba Eban, Speech to the U.N. Security Council on Israel's Reasons for Going to War, June 6, 1967

7. LAND, WAR, AND DIPLOMACY: Shifting Calculations in a Cold War Context, 1967-1976
The Search for Negotiating Leverage, 1967-1971The Khartoum Conference
Deliberate Ambiguity: Security Council Resolution 242
Palestinian Agendas and Their Regional RepercussionsJordan and the Palestinians
Palestinian Factions and the PLO
Lebanon, the Palestinians, and Israel
Wars of Attrition and Cold War Diplomacy: The Rogers PlanCompeting Agendas: Nixon Administration Rivalries and Middle East Policy
Globalism vs. Regionalism under Nixon: Analysis
Jordan and the Palestinians, August-September 1970
The Jordanian Crisis: Regional and International Repercussions
The 1973 War and Its ConsequencesThe Arabs: Seeking Responses to Signals
Israel and the Politics of Expansion: The Galili Document
The 1973 War: The Chance for Diplomacy
Tactics and Ultimate Intentions: The PLO and Israel, 1973-1977
Conclusion
Questions for Consideration
Chronology
DOCUMENT 7.1U.N. Security Council Resolution 242, November 22, 1967
DOCUMENT 7.2The Palestinian National Charter: Resolutions of the Palestine National Council, July 1-17, 1968; PLO Resolution on Security Council Resolution 242, June 1974
DOCUMENT 7.3U.N. Security Council Resolution 338, October 22, 1973
DOCUMENT 7.4Yasir Arafat, Address to the U.N. General Assembly, November...