PROLOGUE. The Arab-Israeli Conflict in Historical Perspective: The Middle East and Palestine to 1517¿
Ancient Israel and Palestine to the Coming of Islam¿Political Fragmentation and Rebellion to the Roman Period¿
Palestine under Roman and Byzantine Rule¿
The Arabs and the Spread of Islam¿Islam and Its Relationship to Judaism and Christianity¿
Palestine under Muslim Rule to 1517¿
Chronology¿

1. OTTOMAN SOCIETY, PALESTINE, AND THE ORIGINS OF ZIONISM, 1516-1914¿
Commercial Relations and Military Decline, 1500-1800¿
Regional Strife, Imperial Interventions, and Ottoman Retraction, 1800-1914¿
Ottoman Society and European Inroads: Communal Tensions in an Age of Reform¿
Palestine in the Nineteenth Century¿
Changing Patterns: Trade, Land, Agriculture, and Population¿
Zionism: Its Origins and Development to 1914¿The Jews of Western Europe¿
Eastern European Jewry and the Rise of Zionism¿
Theodor Herzl and the Zionist Movement to 1914¿
The Arab Response to Zionism¿
Ottoman Policies and Jewish Land Purchases¿
Growing Apprehension: Palestine and the Arab World¿
Conclusion¿
Questions for Consideration¿
Chronology¿
DOCUMENT 1.1 The Islahat Fermani [Hatti Humayoun] of February 44 1856¿
DOCUMENT 1.2¿Theodor Herzl, Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State)¿
DOCUMENT 1.3¿Naguib Azoury, From The Awakening of the Arab Nation, 1905¿

2. WORLD WAR I, GREAT BRITAIN, AND THE PEACE SETTLEMENTS: Deciding Palestine's Fate, 1914-1921¿
World War I: The Ottoman Empire and the European Powers¿British Imperial Objectives¿
Britain, the Arabs, and the Husayn-McMahon Correspondence, 1915-1916¿The Lure of an Arab Revolt¿
The Husayn-McMahon Correspondence: Defining the Terms¿
McMahon's Deception: The Roots of Arab Bitterness¿
Anglo-French Interests and the Sykes-Picot Agreement¿Spheres of Control and Influence¿
British Evaluation of Their Commitments¿
Britain, Palestine, and the Balfour Declaration¿Chaim Weizmann and British Politics¿
British War Aims and Palestine¿
Negotiating the Text¿
Goals versus Promises: The European Powers, Zionism, and the Arabs, 1917-1918¿Reassuring Sharif Husayn¿
Syria and "Self-Determination"¿
Zionist-Arab Fears: The Faysal-Weizmann Agreement¿
The Peace Settlements and the Mandate System¿Faysal and the British-French Struggle for Syriä
Wilson, the League of Nations, and the Mandate System¿
Postwar Crises and the Creation of Transjordan¿
Conclusion¿
Questions for Consideration¿
Chronology¿
DOCUMENT 2.1 The Husayn-McMahon Correspondence, July 1915-January 1916¿
DOCUMENT 2.2¿Drafts and Final Text of the Balfour Declaration¿
DOCUMENT 2.3¿The Faysal-Weizmann Agreement, January 3, 1919¿
DOCUMENT 2.4¿Resolutions of the General Syrian Congress, July 2 ,1919¿
DOCUMENT 2.5¿Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, January 1920¿
DOCUMENT 2.6¿The Mandate for Palestine, July 24, 1922¿

3. PALESTINE BETWEEN THE WARS: Zionism, the Palestinian Arabs, and the British Mandate, 1920-1939¿
The First Phase: Hopes Fulfilled and Dashed, 1918-1920¿
Political Leadership in Palestinian Arab and Zionist Communities¿Palestinian Arabs and British Policies¿
Zionist Leadership in Palestine and Abroad¿
Jews and Arabs under the Mandate: The Clash of Conflicting Aspirations¿The Land Question¿
The Conflict over the Western Wall, 1928-1929¿
Investigations and Retractions: The Passfield White Paper¿
European Crises and Their Repercussions: Yishuv Expansion and Arab Rebellion¿The Arab Revolt: Its Roots and Impact on Palestine¿
Britain Rethinks Its Obligations: The 1939 White Paper¿Palestine in British Strategy¿
Partition Foiled: The Woodhead Commission¿
The St. James Conference¿
The 1939 White Paper¿
Great Britain and Palestine on the Eve of World War II¿
Conclusion¿
Questions for Consideration¿
Chronology¿
DOCUMENT 3.1¿The Churchill White Paper, July 1, 1922¿
DOCUMENT 3.2¿Palestine Royal (Peel) Commission Report, July 1937¿
DOCUMENT 3.3¿The 1939 White Paper
¿
4. WORLD WAR II AND THE CREATION OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL, 1939-1949¿
Palestine, Zionism, and the War Effort, 1939-1945¿
World War II and the Middle East¿
Palestine: Jewish Immigration and the British Response¿
The Jewish Division and the Question of Jewish Military Capabilities¿
The Biltmore Conference and Its Consequences¿
The White Paper, Partition, and Britain's Place in the Middle East, 1942-1945¿
Jewish Terrorism, the Hagana, and the British, 1940-1945¿
Palestinian Arab Leadership and the Question of Arab Unity, 1939-1945¿
The End of the Mandate and the Creation of Israel, 1945-1949¿The Middle East and Postwar Tensions: Origins of the Cold War¿
Anglo-American Perspectives on Palestine¿
Great Britain, the United States, and Zionism, July 1945-February 1947¿
UNSCOP and United Nations' Ratification of Partition, February-November 1947¿
The Battle for Palestine/Israel, December 1947-May 1948¿
The Arab-Israeli Wars and the Armistices, 1948-1949¿
Conclusion¿
Questions for Consideration¿
Chronology¿
DOCUMENT 4.1¿The "Final Solution": Nazi Extermination of European Jewry¿
DOCUMENT 4.2¿UNSCOP's Plan of Partition with Economic Union¿
DOCUMENT 4.3¿Jamal al-Husayni, Testimony on Palestinian Arab Reaction to the UNSCOP Proposals, September 29, 1947¿
DOCUMENT 4.4¿Rabbi Hillel Silver, Testimony on Zionist Reaction to the UNSCOP Proposals, October 2, 1947¿
DOCUMENT 4.5¿Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948
¿
5. THE BEGINNING OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT: Regional Strife and Cold War Rivalries, 1949-1957¿
Israel, the Arab States, and the Palestinian/Israeli Arabs, 1949-1954¿
Israel: Government, Citizenship, and the Law¿
Israeli Arabs: Dispossession and Isolation¿
The Palestinian Refugees¿
The Western Allies, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict¿
Israeli Views of Arabs and the World¿
The Arab States: Domestic Turmoil and Regional Rivalries¿
The Cold War and the Middle East: Looking for Allies, 1953-1955¿
Containment and the Northern Tier Concept¿
The Baghdad Pact¿
Israel, the Lavon Affair, and the Gaza Raid¿
The Gaza Raid and the Czech Arms Deal¿
Israel and France Draw Closer¿
Border Clashes and Blockade of the Straits of Tiran¿
Countdown to Suez: Failed Diplomacy and Dreams of Empire, January-November 1956¿Carrots and Sticks: Projects and Peace Proposals¿
Nasser Nationalizes the Canal¿
Invasion Plans Take Shape¿
The Attacks and Their Aftermath¿
Conclusion¿
Questions for Consideration¿
DOCUMENT 5.1¿ United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 [Palestinian Refugee Question] - Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator, December 11, 1948 ¿
DOCUMENT 5.2¿Letter on the Position of the Palestinian Refugees, November 17, 1949¿
DOCUMENT 5.3¿Gamal Abd al-Nasser, Speech Justifying Nationalization of the Suez Canal Company, July 28, 1956¿
DOCUMENT 5.4¿Golda Meir, Speech to the United Nations General Assembly, March 1, 1957¿

6. FROM SUEZ TO THE SIX-DAY WAR, 1957-1967¿
The Struggle for Syria and the Creation of the United Arab Republic, 1957-1958¿The United States, Syria, and the Cold War¿
The United Arab Republic: Context and Significance¿
Lebanon: Political Strife, Civil War, and Regional Crisis, 1957-1958¿Maronite Catholics and Lebanese Political Alignments¿
Lebanon's Civil War and the Iraqi Revolution¿
The Arab World in American Perspective: The Cold War Context¿
Inter-Arab and Arab-Israeli Tensions, 1958-1964¿Nasser Strives to Dominate Arab Politics¿
Water Wars: Israeli-Syrian Clashes and the Arab Response¿
The Palestine Question in Arab Politics: The Palestine Liberation Organization and al-Fatah¿
Israeli Politics to 1967¿
Great-Power Rivalries in the Middle East to 1967¿The United States between Israel and the Arabs¿
Lyndon Johnson and Israel¿
The Soviet Union and the Arab World¿
The Crisis Escalates: Military Clashes, Misleading Assurances, and Failed Diplomacy¿Syrian-Israeli Tensions and Threats¿
The Egyptian Blockade of the Tiran Straits¿
Israeli Debates: Eshkol and the Generals¿
Israel Attacks: U.S. Assurances and the Pending Egyptian Peace Initiative¿
The Six-Day War: Israel's Conquests and American Expectations¿
Conclusion¿
Questions for Consideration¿
Chronology¿
DOCUMENT 6.1¿Communiqué No. 1 from Headquarters of Asifa Forces (Fatah), January 6, 1965¿
DOCUMENT 6.2¿Gamal Abd al-Nasser, Speech to Members of the Egyptian National Assembly, May 29, 1967¿
DOCUMENT 6.3¿Abba Eban, Speech to the U.N. Security Council on Israel's Reasons for Going to War, June 6, 1967¿

7. LAND, WAR, AND DIPLOMACY: Shifting Calculations in a Cold War Context, 1967-1976¿
The Search for Negotiating Leverage, 1967-1971¿The Khartoum Conference¿
Deliberate Ambiguity: Security Council Resolution 242¿
Palestinian Agendas and Their Regional Repercussions¿Jordan and the Palestinians¿
Palestinian Factions and the PLO¿
Lebanon, the Palestinians, and Israel¿
Wars of Attrition and Cold War Diplomacy: The Rogers Plan¿Competing Agendas: Nixon Administration Rivalries and Middle East Policy¿
Globalism vs. Regionalism under Nixon: Analysis¿
Jordan and the Palestinians, August-September 1970¿
The Jordanian Crisis: Regional and International Repercussions¿
The 1973 War and Its Consequences¿The Arabs: Seeking Responses to Signals¿
Israel and the Politics of Expansion: The Galili Document¿
The 1973 War: The Chance for Diplomacy¿
Tactics and Ultimate Intentions: The PLO and Israel, 1973-1977¿
Conclusion¿
Questions for Consideration¿
Chronology¿
DOCUMENT 7.1¿U.N. Security Council Resolution 242, November 22, 1967¿
DOCUMENT 7.2¿The Palestinian National Charter: Resolutions of the Palestine National Council, July 1-17, 1968;...