Contents: Series Foreword. Foreword. Preface. Preface for the English Translation. Part I:Introduction. The Insights Gained in the Neurosciences Are Relevant for Each of Us. Brain, Psychotherapy, and Psychopharmacology. Neuroscience and Psychotherapy. What Is Meant by the Term Neuropsychotherapy? How Might Neuropsychotherapy Look in Concrete Clinical Practice? Structure of the Book. Part II:What Psychotherapists Should Know About the Brain. The Brain: The Epitome of Complexity. What Exactly Happens During the Transmission of Activation Potentials Between Neurons? The Biochemical Processes Transpiring at the Synapses and Within Neurons. Implications for Psychotherapy. Is it Reductionist to Relate Mental Processes to Their Neural Basis? Neural Activity Transpires in Patterns of Activation and Inhibition. How Do Neural Activation Patterns Originate? The Neural Constitution of Perceptual Units. Neural Circuits. Anxiety. Conclusions for Psychotherapy. Intentional Action. Consciousness From a Neural Perspective. Acts of Will From a Neural Perspective. Explicit and Implicit Mental Processes. Conclusions for Psychotherapy. Covariation of Neural and Mental Activity. Neural Plasticity. Conclusions for Psychotherapy. Part III:Neural Correlates of Mental Disorders. What Can Be Said Today About the Neural Correlates of Mental Disorders? Neural Correlates of Depression. Neural Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Neural Correlates of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Neural Correlates of Panic Disorder. Neural Correlates of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. What Psychotherapeutic Conclusions Can Be Drawn From the Neuroscientific Research on Mental Disorders? Part IV:Need-Fulfillment and Mental Health. Basic Human Needs. Consistency Regulation as a Basic Principle of Mental Functioning. Basic Needs, Consistency Regulation, Motivational Schemas, and Incongruence. The Attachment Need. The Need for Orientation and Control. The Need for Self-Esteem. Enhancement and Self-Esteem Protection. The Need for Pleasure Maximization and Distress Avoidance. Consistency and Consistency Regulation. The Development of Mental Disorders From a Lifetime Developmental Perspective. Part V:Implications for Psychotherapy. Mental Disorders Result From Unsuccessful Inconsistency Regulation. Psychotherapy Works Via Consistency Improvement. The Most Important Options for Enhancing Consistency Via Psychotherapy. Consistency Improvements Via Changes in Neural Structures? Implications for an Effectiveness-Optimized Psychotherapy. Neural Mechanisms of Therapeutic Changes. Guidelines for Therapy Practice. Part VI:Summary and Future Prospects.