Part I. Introduction: Archaeology in the Service of the State: Theoretical Considerations Philip L. Kohl and Clare Fawcett; Part II. Western Europe: 1. Civilization, barbarism, and nationalism in European archaeology Bernard Wailes and Amy L. Zoll; 2. Archaeology and nationalism in Spain Margarita Diaz-Andreu; 3. Nationalism and Copper Age research in Portugal during the Salazar Regime (1932-1974) Katina T. Lillios; 4. Archaeology in Nazi Germany: the legacy of Faustian bargain Bettina Arnold and Henning Hassman; 5. Nazi and eco-feminist prehistories: ideology and empiricism in Indo-European archaeology David W. Anthony; Part III. Eastern Europe and Eurasia: 6. Archaeology and ideology in Southeast Europe Timothy Kaiser; 7. From internationalism to nationalism: forgotten pages of soviet archaeology in the 1930s and 1940s Victor A. Shnirelman; 8. Postscript: Russian archaeology after the collapse of the USSR infrastructural crisis and the resurgence of old and new nationalism E. N. Chernykh; 9. Nationalism, politics and the practice of archaeology in the Caucasus Philip L. Kohl and Gocha R. Tsetskhladze; Part IV. East Asia: 10. Thirty years of Chinese archaeology (1949-1979) Enzheng Tong; 11. The regionalist paradigm in Chinese archaeology Lothar von Falkenhausen; 12. The politics of ethnicity in prehistoric Korea Sarah M. Nelson; 13. Nationalism and postwar Japanese archaeology Clare Fawcett; Part V. Commentary: 14. Promised lands and chosen peoples: the politics and poetics of archaeological narrative Neil Asher Silberman; 15. Romanticism, nationalism and archaeology Bruce G. Trigger.