Preface

INTRODUCTION
The Phenomenon Catalysis
Mode of Action of Catalysts
Classification of Catalysts
Comparison of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WITH TRANSITION METAL CATALYSTS
Key Reactions in Homogeneous Catalysis
Catalyst Concepts in Homogeneous Catalysis
Characterization of Homogeneous Catalysts

HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYZED INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Overview
Examples of Industrial Processes
Asymmetric Catalysis
Alkene Metathesis
Recycling of Homogeneous Catalysts

BIOCATALYSIS
Introduction
Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
Industrial Processes with Biocatalysts

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS: FUNDAMENTALS
Individual Steps in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Reactions
Catalyst Concepts in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Catalyst Performance
Catalyst Deactivation
Regeneration and Recycling of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts

CATALYST SHAPES AND PRODUCTION OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS
Introduction
Bulk Catalysts
Supported Catalysts
Shaping of Catalysts and Catalyst Supports
Immobilization of Homogeneous Catalysts

SHAPE-SELECTIVE CATALYSIS: ZEOLITES
Composition and Structure of Zeolites
Catalytic Properties of the Zeolites
Isomorphic Substitution of Zeolites
Metal-Doped Zeolites
Applications of Zeolites

HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYZED PROCESSES IN INDUSTRY
Overview
Examples of Industrial Processes - Bulk Chemicals
Fine Chemicals Manufacture

REFINERY PROCESSES AND PETROCHEMISTRY
Hydrotreating
Catalytic Cracking
Hydrocracking
Catalytic Reforming
Alkylation
Hydroisomerization
Synthesis Gas and Hydrogen by Steam Reforming
Natural Gas Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Etherification Reactions

ELECTROCATALYTIC PROCESSES
Comparison Between Electrocatalysis and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Electroorganic Syntheses
Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells

ENVIRONMENTAL CATALYSIS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY
Automotive Exhaust Catalysis
NOx Removal Systems
Catalytic Afterburning
Green Chemistry and Catalysis

PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYSIS
Definition
Catalysts for PTC
Mechanism and Benefits of PTC
PTC Reactions
Selected Industrial Processes with PTC

CATALYTIC PROCESSES WITH RENEWABLE MATERIALS
Biofuels
Biorefinery
Chemicals from Biomass

POLYMERIZATION CATALYSIS
Introduction
Fundamentals of Catalytic Polymerization Processes
Coordination Polymerization
Examples of Catalytical Polymerization Processes

PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT, AND TESTING OF CATALYSTS
Stages of Catalyst Development
Development of a Catalytical Process: Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexane
Selection and Testing of Catalysts in Practice

CATALYSIS REACTORS
Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR)
Reactor Calculations
Two-Phase Reactors
Three-Phase Reactors
Reactors for Homogeneously Catalyzed Reactions
New Reactor Concepts

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CATALYSTS

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF CATALYSIS
Homogeneous Catalysis
Heterogeneous Catalysis

SOLUTIONS TO THE EXERCISES

Index