David N. Livingstone is Professor of Geography at the Queen's University of Belfast. His books include The Geographical Tradition (Blackwell). He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1995.

Alisdair Rogers teaches geography at the University of Oxford. He is the co-editor of The Student's Companion to Geography (Blackwell).

Acknowledgements ix

General Introduction 1

Part I: Recounting Geography's History 17

Introduction 18

1. A Plea for the History of Geography 25
John K. Wright

2. Paradigms and Revolution or Evolution? 37
R. J. Johnston

3. Musing on Helicon: Root Metaphors and Geography 54
Anne Buttimer

4. Institutionalization of Geography and Strategies of Change 66
Horacio Capel

5. On the History and Present Condition of Geography: An Historical Materialist Manifesto 95
David Harvey

6. Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective 108
Donna Haraway

Part II: The Enterprise 129

Introduction 130

7. What Geography Ought to Be 139
Peter Kropotkin

8. On the Scope and Methods of Geography 155
Halford J. Mackinder

9. The Study of Geography 173
Franz Boas

10. Meaning and Aim of Human Geography 181
Paul Vidal de la Blache

11. Geography without Human Agency: A Humanistic Critique 192
David Ley

12. Areal Differentiation and Post-Modern Human Geography 211
Derek Gregory

Part III: Nature, Culture and Landscape 233

Introduction 234

13. Traces on the Rhodian Shore 246
Clarence J. Glacke

14. Influences of Geographic Environment 252
Ellen C. Semple

15. Civilizations: Organisms or Systems? 268
Karl W. Butzer

16. Geography, Marx and the Concept of Nature 282
Neil Smith and Phil O'Keefe

17. The Morphology of Landscape 296
Carl O. Sauer

18. Discovering the Vernacular Landscape 316
John B. Jackson

19. Marxism, Culture and the Duplicity of Landscape 329
Stephen Daniels

20. Geography as a Science of Observation: The Landscape, the Gaze and Masculinity 341
Gillian Rose

21. The Land Ethic 351
Aldo Leopold

Part IV: Region, Place and Locality 365

Introduction 366

22. Regional Environment, Heredity and Consciousness 378
A. J. Herbertson

23. Human Regions 385
H. J. Fleure

24. The Character of Regional Geography 388
Richard Hartshorne

25. In What Sense a Regional Problem? 398
Doreen Massey

26. From Orientalism 414
Edward W. Said

27. Deconstructing the Map 422
J. B. Harley

28. Space and Place: Humanistic Perspective 444
Yi-Fu Tuan

29. A Woman's Place? 458
Linda McDowell and Doreen Massey

30. The Contested Terrain of Locality Studies 476
Philip Cooke

31. The Inadequacy of the Regional Concept 492
George H. T. Kimbl

Part V: Space, Time and Space-Time 513

Introduction 514

32. The Territorial Growth of States 525
Friedrich Ratzel

33. The Geographical Pivot of History 536
Halford J. Mackinder

34. Owners' Time and Own Time: The Making of a Capitalist Time-Consciousness 1300-1880 552
Nigel Thrift

35. Exceptionalism in Geography: a Methodological Examination 571
F. K. Schaefer

36. Identification of Some Fundamental Spatial Concepts 590
John D. Nystue

37. The Geography of Capitalist Accumulation 600
David Harvey

38. Reassertions: Towards a Spatialized Ontology 623
Edward W. Soja

39. The Choreography of Existence: Comments on Hagerstrand's Time-Geography and its Usefulness 636
Alan Pred

40. Diorama, Path and Project 650
Torsten Hagerstrand

41. A View of the GIS Crisis in Geography 675
Stan Openshaw

A Chronology of Geography 1859-1995 686
Alisdair Rogers