Lissagaray's History of the Commune of 1871 is a rigorous, impassioned chronicle of the seventy-two days in which Paris attempted to govern itself after the collapse of the Second Empire. Combining eyewitness testimony, archival documentation, and political analysis, the book reconstructs the siege, the elections, the social measures of the Commune, and the brutal "Bloody Week." Its style is at once forensic and dramatic, belonging to the great nineteenth-century tradition of revolutionary history while resisting both romantic legend and official Versailles calumny. Prosper-Olivier Lissagaray was not a detached antiquarian but a militant journalist and republican who lived through the upheaval and fought on the barricades. Exile after the Commune sharpened his determination to preserve its record against hostile distortion. His proximity to socialist and republican circles, and his insistence on evidence over myth, gave the work its distinctive authority; Karl Marx admired it, and Eleanor Marx later translated it into English. This book is essential for readers seeking an intellectually serious account of the Paris Commune: historians, political theorists, and anyone interested in revolution, repression, and democratic experiment. It remains indispensable because it explains not only what happened, but why the Commune continued to matter.