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Presents the latest developments in switchgear and DC/DC converters for DC grids, and includes substantially expanded material on MMC HVDC
This newly updated edition covers all HVDC transmission technologies including Line Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC; Voltage Source Converter (VSC) HVDC, and the latest VSC HVDC based on Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), as well as the principles of building DC transmission grids.
Featuring new material throughout, High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids, 2nd Edition offers several new chapters/sections, including one on the newest MMC converters. It also provides extended coverage of switchgear, DC grid protection and DC/DC converters, following the latest developments on the market and in research projects. All three HVDC technologies are studied in a wide range of topics, including: the basic converter operating principles; calculation of losses; system modelling, including dynamic modelling; system control; HVDC protection, including AC and DC fault studies; and integration with AC systems and fundamental frequency analysis. The text includes:
- A chapter dedicated to hybrid and mechanical DC circuit breakers
- Half bridge and full bridge MMC: modelling, control, start-up and fault management
- A chapter dedicated to unbalanced operation and control of MMC HVDC
- The advancement of protection methods for DC grids
- Wideband and high-order modelling of DC cables
- Novel treatment of topics not found in similar books, including SimPowerSystems models and examples for all HVDC topologies hosted by the 1st edition companion site.
High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids, 2nd Edition serves as an ideal textbook for a graduate-level course or a professional development course.
Presents the latest developments in switchgear and DC/DC converters for DC grids, and includes substantially expanded material on MMC HVDC
This newly updated edition covers all HVDC transmission technologies including Line Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC; Voltage Source Converter (VSC) HVDC, and the latest VSC HVDC based on Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), as well as the principles of building DC transmission grids.
Featuring new material throughout, High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids, 2nd Edition offers several new chapters/sections, including one on the newest MMC converters. It also provides extended coverage of switchgear, DC grid protection and DC/DC converters, following the latest developments on the market and in research projects. All three HVDC technologies are studied in a wide range of topics, including: the basic converter operating principles; calculation of losses; system modelling, including dynamic modelling; system control; HVDC protection, including AC and DC fault studies; and integration with AC systems and fundamental frequency analysis. The text includes:
- A chapter dedicated to hybrid and mechanical DC circuit breakers
- Half bridge and full bridge MMC: modelling, control, start-up and fault management
- A chapter dedicated to unbalanced operation and control of MMC HVDC
- The advancement of protection methods for DC grids
- Wideband and high-order modelling of DC cables
- Novel treatment of topics not found in similar books, including SimPowerSystems models and examples for all HVDC topologies hosted by the 1st edition companion site.
High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids, 2nd Edition serves as an ideal textbook for a graduate-level course or a professional development course.
DRAGAN JOVCIC, PHD, is director of Aberdeen HVDC Research Centre and a Professor with the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. He has published approximately 130 articles related to HVDC and power electronics applications to transmission systems, is a senior member of IEEE, and a member of CIGRE. Professor Jovcic is the editor of IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery and has been editor-in-chief of two special issues related to HVDC.
Preface xvii
Part I HVDC with Current Source Converters 1
1 Introduction to Line Commutated HVDC 3
1.1 HVDC Applications 3
1.2 Line Commutated HVDC Components 4
1.3 DC Cables and Overhead Lines 7
1.3.1 Introduction 7
1.3.2 Mass-impregnated Cables 7
1.3.3 Low-pressure Oil-filled Cables 7
1.3.4 Extruded Cross-linked Polyethylene Cables 8
1.4 LCC HVDC Topologies 8
1.5 Losses in LCC HVDC Systems 10
1.6 Conversion of AC Lines to DC 10
1.7 Ultra High Voltage HVDC 12
2 Thyristors 13
2.1 Operating Characteristics 13
2.2 Switching Characteristics 14
2.3 Losses in HVDCThyristors 18
2.4 Valve Structure andThyristor Snubbers 20
2.5 Thyristor Rating Selection and Overload Capability 22
3 Six-pulse Diode and Thyristor Converter 25
3.1 Three-phase Uncontrolled Bridge 25
3.2 Three-phase Thyristor Rectifier 27
3.3 Analysis of Commutation Overlap in a Thyristor Converter 28
3.4 Active and Reactive Power in a Three-phase Thyristor Converter 32
3.5 Inverter Operation 33
4 HVDC Rectifier Station Modelling, Control and Synchronisation with AC System 37
4.1 HVDC Rectifier Controller 37
4.2 Phase-locked Loop 38
4.3 Master-level HVDC Control 40
5 HVDC Inverter Station Modelling and Control 43
5.1 Inverter Controller 43
5.1.1 Control Structure 43
5.1.2 Extinction Angle Control 43
5.1.3 DC Voltage Control 44
5.1.4 DC Current Control at Inverter 45
5.2 Commutation Failure 45
6 HVDC System V-I Diagrams and Operating Modes 49
6.1 HVDC Equivalent Circuit 49
6.2 HVDC V-I Operating Diagram 49
6.3 HVDC Power Reversal 51
7 HVDC Analytical Modelling and Stability 57
7.1 Introduction to Converter and HVDC Modelling 57
7.1.1 Detailed Switching Transients Modelling 57
7.1.2 Modelling with Switchings 57
7.1.3 Analytical Dynamic Modelling of Converters 58
7.1.4 Phasor Modelling 58
7.2 HVDC Analytical Model 58
7.3 CIGRE HVDC Benchmark Model 60
7.4 Converter Modelling, Linearisation, and Gain Scheduling 60
7.5 AC System Modelling for HVDC Stability Studies 64
7.6 LCC Converter Transformer Model 67
7.7 DC System Including DC Cable 68
7.7.1 DC Cable/Line Modelling as a Single ¿ Section 68
7.7.2 Controller Model 69
7.7.3 Complete DC System Model 69
7.8 Accurate DC Cable Modelling 70
7.8.1 Wideband Cable Model 70
7.8.2 Cable Higher-order Analytical Model in State Space 72
7.9 HVDC-HVAC System Model 76
7.10 Analytical Dynamic Model Verification 77
7.11 Basic HVDC Dynamic Analysis 77
7.11.1 Eigenvalue Analysis 77
7.11.2 Eigenvalue Sensitivity Study 77
7.11.3 Influence of PLL Gains 79
7.12 HVDC Second Harmonic Instability 80
7.13 100 Hz Oscillations on the DC Side 82
8 HVDC Phasor Modelling and Interactions with AC System 83
8.1 Converter and DC System Phasor Model 83
8.2 Phasor AC System Model and Interaction with DC System 84
8.3 Inverter AC Voltage and Power Profile as DC Current is Increasing 86
8.4 Influence of Converter Extinction Angle 88
8.5 Influence of Shunt Reactive Power Compensation 88
8.6 Influence of Load at the Converter Terminals 88
8.7 Influence of Operating Mode (DC Voltage Control Mode) 88
8.8 Rectifier Operating Mode 90
9 HVDC Operation with Weak AC Systems 95
9.1 Introduction 95
9.2 Short Circuit Ratio and Equivalent Short Circuit Ratio 95
9.2.1 Definition of SCR and ESCR 95
9.2.2 Operating Difficulties with Low SCR Systems 98
9.3 Background on Power Transfer Between Two AC Systems 99
9.4 Phasor Study of Converter Interactions with Weak AC Systems 101
9.5 System Dynamics (Small Signal Stability) with Low SCR 101
9.6 Control and Main Circuit Solutions for Weak AC Grids 102
9.7 LCC HVDC with SVC 103
9.8 Capacitor Commutated Converters for HVDC 104
9.9 AC System with Low Inertia 106
10 Fault Management and HVDC System Protection 111
10.1 Introduction 111
10.2 DC Line Faults 111
10.3 AC System Faults 113
10.3.1 Rectifier AC Faults 113
10.3.2 Inverter AC Faults 114
10.4 Internal Faults 115
10.5 System Reconfiguration for Permanent Faults 116
10.6 Overvoltage Protection 119
11 LCC HVDC System Harmonics 121
11.1 Harmonic Performance Criteria 121
11.2 Harmonic Limits 122
11.3 Thyristor Converter Harmonics 123
11.4 Harmonic Filters 124
11.4.1 Introduction 124
11.4.2 Tuned Filters 126
11.4.3 Damped Filters 128
11.5 Non-characteristic Harmonic Reduction Using HVDC Controls 132
Bibliography Part I: Line Commutated Converter HVDC 133
Part II HVDC with Voltage Source Converters 137
12 VSC HVDC Applications and Topologies, Performance and Cost Comparison with LCC HVDC 139
12.1 Application of Voltage Source Converters in HVDC 139
12.2 Comparison with LCC HVDC 141
12.3 HVDC Technology Landscape 142
12.4 Overhead and Subsea/Underground VSC HVDC Transmission 143
12.5 DC Cable Types with VSC HVDC 147
12.6 Monopolar and Bipolar VSC HVDC Systems 147
12.7 VSC HVDC Converter Topologies 148
12.7.1 HVDC with Two-level Voltage Source Converter 148
12.7.2 HVDC with Neutral Point Clamped Converter 150
12.7.3 MMC VSC HVDC Transmission Systems 151
12.7.4 MMC HVDC Based on FB Topology 153
12.8 VSC HVDC Station Components 155
12.8.1 AC CB 155
12.8.2 VSC Converter Transformer 155
12.8.3 VSC Converter AC Harmonic Filters 156
12.8.4 DC Capacitors 156
12.8.5 DC Filter 157
12.8.6 Two-level VSC HVDC Valves 158
12.8.7 MMC Valves and Cells 159
12.9 AC Inductors 160
12.10 DC Inductors 161
13 IGBT Switches and VSC Converter Losses 165
13.1 Introduction to IGBT and IGCT 165
13.2 General VSC Converter Switch Requirements 166
13.3 IGBT Technology 166
13.3.1 IGBT Operating Characteristics 167
13.3.2 Fast Recovery Anti-parallel Diode 171
13.4 High Power IGBT Devices 171
13.5 IEGT Technology 172
13.6 Losses Calculation 173
13.6.1 Conduction Loss Modelling 173
13.6.2 Switching Loss Modelling 174
13.7 Balancing Challenges in Two-level IGBT Valves 178
13.8 Snubbers Circuits 179
14 Single-phase and Three-phase Two-level VSC Converters 181
14.1 Introduction 181
14.2 Single-phase VSC 181
14.3 Three-phase VSC 184
14.4 Square-wave, Six-pulse Operation 185
14.4.1 180¿ Conduction 185
14.4.2 120¿ Conduction 188
15 Two-level PWM VSC Converters 193
15.1 Introduction 193
15.2 PWM Modulation 193
15.2.1 Multipulse with Constant Pulse Width 193
15.2.2 Modulating Signal 194
15.3 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation 195
15.4 Third Harmonic Injection 197
15.5 Selective Harmonic Elimination Modulation 198
15.6 Converter Losses for Two-level SPWMVSC 198
15.7 Harmonics with PWM 201
15.8 Comparison of PWM Modulation Techniques 203
16 Multilevel VSC Converters in HVDC Applications 205
16.1 Introduction 205
16.2 Modulation Techniques for Multilevel Converters 207
16.3 Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Converter 208
16.4 Half Bridge MMC 210
16.4.1 Operating Principles of Half-bridge MMC 210
16.4.2 Capacitor Voltage Balancing 212
16.4.3 MMC Cell Capacitance 214
16.4.4 MMC Arm Inductance 215
16.4.5 MMC with Fundamental Frequency Modulation 218
16.4.6 MMC with PWM Modulation 218
16.5 Full Bridge MMC 222
16.5.1 Operating Principles 222
16.6 Comparison of Multilevel Topologies 224
17 Two-level VSC HVDC Modelling, Control, and Dynamics 227
17.1 PWM Two-level Converter Average Model 227
17.1.1 Converter Model in an ABC Frame 227
17.1.2 Converter Model in the ABC Frame Including Blocked State 229
17.2 Two-level PWM Converter Model in DQ Frame 230
17.3 VSC Converter Transformer Model 231
17.4 Two-level VSC Converter and AC Grid Model in the ABC Frame 231
17.5 Two-level VSC Converter and AC Grid Model in a DQ Rotating Coordinate Frame 232
17.6 VSC Converter Control Principles 233
17.7 The Inner Current Controller Design 234
17.7.1 Control Strategy 234
17.7.2 Decoupling Control 234
17.7.3 Current Feedback Control 235
17.7.4 Controller Gains 236
17.8 Outer Controller Design 237
17.8.1 AC Voltage Control 237
17.8.2 Power Control 238
17.8.3 DC Voltage Control 239
17.8.4 AC Grid Support 240
17.9 Complete Two-level VSC Converter Controller 240
17.10 Small Signal Linearised VSC HVDC Model 242
17.11 Small Signal Dynamic Studies 242
17.11.1 Dynamics of Weak AC Systems 242
17.11.2 Impact of PLL Gains on Robustness 244
18 Two-level VSC HVDC Phasor-domain Interaction with AC Systems and PQ Operating Diagrams 247
18.1 Power Exchange Between Two AC Voltage Sources 247
18.2 Converter Phasor Model and Power Exchange with an AC System 249
18.3 Phasor Study of VSC Converter Interaction with AC System 252
18.3.1 Test System 252
18.3.2...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2019 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Nachrichtentechnik |
| Genre: | Importe, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: | Gebunden |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119566540 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119566541 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Jovcic, Dragan |
| Auflage: | 2nd edition |
| Hersteller: | Wiley |
| Maße: | 250 x 175 x 34 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Dragan Jovcic |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 26.08.2019 |
| Gewicht: | 1,132 kg |
DRAGAN JOVCIC, PHD, is director of Aberdeen HVDC Research Centre and a Professor with the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. He has published approximately 130 articles related to HVDC and power electronics applications to transmission systems, is a senior member of IEEE, and a member of CIGRE. Professor Jovcic is the editor of IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery and has been editor-in-chief of two special issues related to HVDC.
Preface xvii
Part I HVDC with Current Source Converters 1
1 Introduction to Line Commutated HVDC 3
1.1 HVDC Applications 3
1.2 Line Commutated HVDC Components 4
1.3 DC Cables and Overhead Lines 7
1.3.1 Introduction 7
1.3.2 Mass-impregnated Cables 7
1.3.3 Low-pressure Oil-filled Cables 7
1.3.4 Extruded Cross-linked Polyethylene Cables 8
1.4 LCC HVDC Topologies 8
1.5 Losses in LCC HVDC Systems 10
1.6 Conversion of AC Lines to DC 10
1.7 Ultra High Voltage HVDC 12
2 Thyristors 13
2.1 Operating Characteristics 13
2.2 Switching Characteristics 14
2.3 Losses in HVDCThyristors 18
2.4 Valve Structure andThyristor Snubbers 20
2.5 Thyristor Rating Selection and Overload Capability 22
3 Six-pulse Diode and Thyristor Converter 25
3.1 Three-phase Uncontrolled Bridge 25
3.2 Three-phase Thyristor Rectifier 27
3.3 Analysis of Commutation Overlap in a Thyristor Converter 28
3.4 Active and Reactive Power in a Three-phase Thyristor Converter 32
3.5 Inverter Operation 33
4 HVDC Rectifier Station Modelling, Control and Synchronisation with AC System 37
4.1 HVDC Rectifier Controller 37
4.2 Phase-locked Loop 38
4.3 Master-level HVDC Control 40
5 HVDC Inverter Station Modelling and Control 43
5.1 Inverter Controller 43
5.1.1 Control Structure 43
5.1.2 Extinction Angle Control 43
5.1.3 DC Voltage Control 44
5.1.4 DC Current Control at Inverter 45
5.2 Commutation Failure 45
6 HVDC System V-I Diagrams and Operating Modes 49
6.1 HVDC Equivalent Circuit 49
6.2 HVDC V-I Operating Diagram 49
6.3 HVDC Power Reversal 51
7 HVDC Analytical Modelling and Stability 57
7.1 Introduction to Converter and HVDC Modelling 57
7.1.1 Detailed Switching Transients Modelling 57
7.1.2 Modelling with Switchings 57
7.1.3 Analytical Dynamic Modelling of Converters 58
7.1.4 Phasor Modelling 58
7.2 HVDC Analytical Model 58
7.3 CIGRE HVDC Benchmark Model 60
7.4 Converter Modelling, Linearisation, and Gain Scheduling 60
7.5 AC System Modelling for HVDC Stability Studies 64
7.6 LCC Converter Transformer Model 67
7.7 DC System Including DC Cable 68
7.7.1 DC Cable/Line Modelling as a Single ¿ Section 68
7.7.2 Controller Model 69
7.7.3 Complete DC System Model 69
7.8 Accurate DC Cable Modelling 70
7.8.1 Wideband Cable Model 70
7.8.2 Cable Higher-order Analytical Model in State Space 72
7.9 HVDC-HVAC System Model 76
7.10 Analytical Dynamic Model Verification 77
7.11 Basic HVDC Dynamic Analysis 77
7.11.1 Eigenvalue Analysis 77
7.11.2 Eigenvalue Sensitivity Study 77
7.11.3 Influence of PLL Gains 79
7.12 HVDC Second Harmonic Instability 80
7.13 100 Hz Oscillations on the DC Side 82
8 HVDC Phasor Modelling and Interactions with AC System 83
8.1 Converter and DC System Phasor Model 83
8.2 Phasor AC System Model and Interaction with DC System 84
8.3 Inverter AC Voltage and Power Profile as DC Current is Increasing 86
8.4 Influence of Converter Extinction Angle 88
8.5 Influence of Shunt Reactive Power Compensation 88
8.6 Influence of Load at the Converter Terminals 88
8.7 Influence of Operating Mode (DC Voltage Control Mode) 88
8.8 Rectifier Operating Mode 90
9 HVDC Operation with Weak AC Systems 95
9.1 Introduction 95
9.2 Short Circuit Ratio and Equivalent Short Circuit Ratio 95
9.2.1 Definition of SCR and ESCR 95
9.2.2 Operating Difficulties with Low SCR Systems 98
9.3 Background on Power Transfer Between Two AC Systems 99
9.4 Phasor Study of Converter Interactions with Weak AC Systems 101
9.5 System Dynamics (Small Signal Stability) with Low SCR 101
9.6 Control and Main Circuit Solutions for Weak AC Grids 102
9.7 LCC HVDC with SVC 103
9.8 Capacitor Commutated Converters for HVDC 104
9.9 AC System with Low Inertia 106
10 Fault Management and HVDC System Protection 111
10.1 Introduction 111
10.2 DC Line Faults 111
10.3 AC System Faults 113
10.3.1 Rectifier AC Faults 113
10.3.2 Inverter AC Faults 114
10.4 Internal Faults 115
10.5 System Reconfiguration for Permanent Faults 116
10.6 Overvoltage Protection 119
11 LCC HVDC System Harmonics 121
11.1 Harmonic Performance Criteria 121
11.2 Harmonic Limits 122
11.3 Thyristor Converter Harmonics 123
11.4 Harmonic Filters 124
11.4.1 Introduction 124
11.4.2 Tuned Filters 126
11.4.3 Damped Filters 128
11.5 Non-characteristic Harmonic Reduction Using HVDC Controls 132
Bibliography Part I: Line Commutated Converter HVDC 133
Part II HVDC with Voltage Source Converters 137
12 VSC HVDC Applications and Topologies, Performance and Cost Comparison with LCC HVDC 139
12.1 Application of Voltage Source Converters in HVDC 139
12.2 Comparison with LCC HVDC 141
12.3 HVDC Technology Landscape 142
12.4 Overhead and Subsea/Underground VSC HVDC Transmission 143
12.5 DC Cable Types with VSC HVDC 147
12.6 Monopolar and Bipolar VSC HVDC Systems 147
12.7 VSC HVDC Converter Topologies 148
12.7.1 HVDC with Two-level Voltage Source Converter 148
12.7.2 HVDC with Neutral Point Clamped Converter 150
12.7.3 MMC VSC HVDC Transmission Systems 151
12.7.4 MMC HVDC Based on FB Topology 153
12.8 VSC HVDC Station Components 155
12.8.1 AC CB 155
12.8.2 VSC Converter Transformer 155
12.8.3 VSC Converter AC Harmonic Filters 156
12.8.4 DC Capacitors 156
12.8.5 DC Filter 157
12.8.6 Two-level VSC HVDC Valves 158
12.8.7 MMC Valves and Cells 159
12.9 AC Inductors 160
12.10 DC Inductors 161
13 IGBT Switches and VSC Converter Losses 165
13.1 Introduction to IGBT and IGCT 165
13.2 General VSC Converter Switch Requirements 166
13.3 IGBT Technology 166
13.3.1 IGBT Operating Characteristics 167
13.3.2 Fast Recovery Anti-parallel Diode 171
13.4 High Power IGBT Devices 171
13.5 IEGT Technology 172
13.6 Losses Calculation 173
13.6.1 Conduction Loss Modelling 173
13.6.2 Switching Loss Modelling 174
13.7 Balancing Challenges in Two-level IGBT Valves 178
13.8 Snubbers Circuits 179
14 Single-phase and Three-phase Two-level VSC Converters 181
14.1 Introduction 181
14.2 Single-phase VSC 181
14.3 Three-phase VSC 184
14.4 Square-wave, Six-pulse Operation 185
14.4.1 180¿ Conduction 185
14.4.2 120¿ Conduction 188
15 Two-level PWM VSC Converters 193
15.1 Introduction 193
15.2 PWM Modulation 193
15.2.1 Multipulse with Constant Pulse Width 193
15.2.2 Modulating Signal 194
15.3 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation 195
15.4 Third Harmonic Injection 197
15.5 Selective Harmonic Elimination Modulation 198
15.6 Converter Losses for Two-level SPWMVSC 198
15.7 Harmonics with PWM 201
15.8 Comparison of PWM Modulation Techniques 203
16 Multilevel VSC Converters in HVDC Applications 205
16.1 Introduction 205
16.2 Modulation Techniques for Multilevel Converters 207
16.3 Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Converter 208
16.4 Half Bridge MMC 210
16.4.1 Operating Principles of Half-bridge MMC 210
16.4.2 Capacitor Voltage Balancing 212
16.4.3 MMC Cell Capacitance 214
16.4.4 MMC Arm Inductance 215
16.4.5 MMC with Fundamental Frequency Modulation 218
16.4.6 MMC with PWM Modulation 218
16.5 Full Bridge MMC 222
16.5.1 Operating Principles 222
16.6 Comparison of Multilevel Topologies 224
17 Two-level VSC HVDC Modelling, Control, and Dynamics 227
17.1 PWM Two-level Converter Average Model 227
17.1.1 Converter Model in an ABC Frame 227
17.1.2 Converter Model in the ABC Frame Including Blocked State 229
17.2 Two-level PWM Converter Model in DQ Frame 230
17.3 VSC Converter Transformer Model 231
17.4 Two-level VSC Converter and AC Grid Model in the ABC Frame 231
17.5 Two-level VSC Converter and AC Grid Model in a DQ Rotating Coordinate Frame 232
17.6 VSC Converter Control Principles 233
17.7 The Inner Current Controller Design 234
17.7.1 Control Strategy 234
17.7.2 Decoupling Control 234
17.7.3 Current Feedback Control 235
17.7.4 Controller Gains 236
17.8 Outer Controller Design 237
17.8.1 AC Voltage Control 237
17.8.2 Power Control 238
17.8.3 DC Voltage Control 239
17.8.4 AC Grid Support 240
17.9 Complete Two-level VSC Converter Controller 240
17.10 Small Signal Linearised VSC HVDC Model 242
17.11 Small Signal Dynamic Studies 242
17.11.1 Dynamics of Weak AC Systems 242
17.11.2 Impact of PLL Gains on Robustness 244
18 Two-level VSC HVDC Phasor-domain Interaction with AC Systems and PQ Operating Diagrams 247
18.1 Power Exchange Between Two AC Voltage Sources 247
18.2 Converter Phasor Model and Power Exchange with an AC System 249
18.3 Phasor Study of VSC Converter Interaction with AC System 252
18.3.1 Test System 252
18.3.2...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2019 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Nachrichtentechnik |
| Genre: | Importe, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: | Gebunden |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119566540 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119566541 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Jovcic, Dragan |
| Auflage: | 2nd edition |
| Hersteller: | Wiley |
| Maße: | 250 x 175 x 34 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Dragan Jovcic |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 26.08.2019 |
| Gewicht: | 1,132 kg |
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