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Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering
From Source to Fragility
Buch von Amr Elnashai (u. a.)
Sprache: Englisch

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Beschreibung
Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition combines aspects of engineering seismology, structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering to assemble the vital components required for a deep understanding of response of structures to earthquake ground motion, from the seismic source to the evaluation of actions and deformation required for design, and culminating with probabilistic fragility analysis that applies to individual as well as groups of buildings. Basic concepts for accounting for the effects of soil-structure interaction effects in seismic design and assessment are also provided in this second edition.

The nature of earthquake risk assessment is inherently multi-disciplinary. Whereas this book addresses only structural safety assessment and design, the problem is cast in its appropriate context by relating structural damage states to societal consequences and expectations, through the fundamental response quantities of stiffness, strength and ductility.

This new edition includes material on the nature of earthquake sources and mechanisms, various methods for the characterization of earthquake input motion, effects of soil-structure interaction, damage observed in reconnaissance missions, modeling of structures for the purposes of response simulation, definition of performance limit states, fragility relationships derivation, features and effects of underlying soil, structural and architectural systems for optimal seismic response, and action and deformation quantities suitable for design.

Key features:
* Unified and novel approach: from source to fragility
* Clear conceptual framework for structural response analysis, earthquake input characterization, modelling of soil-structure interaction and derivation of fragility functions
* Theory and relevant practical applications are merged within each chapter
* Contains a new chapter on the derivation of fragility
* Accompanied by a website containing illustrative slides, problems with solutions and worked-through examples

Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition is designed to support graduate teaching and learning, introduce practising structural and geotechnical engineers to earthquake analysis and design problems, as well as being a reference book for further studies.
Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition combines aspects of engineering seismology, structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering to assemble the vital components required for a deep understanding of response of structures to earthquake ground motion, from the seismic source to the evaluation of actions and deformation required for design, and culminating with probabilistic fragility analysis that applies to individual as well as groups of buildings. Basic concepts for accounting for the effects of soil-structure interaction effects in seismic design and assessment are also provided in this second edition.

The nature of earthquake risk assessment is inherently multi-disciplinary. Whereas this book addresses only structural safety assessment and design, the problem is cast in its appropriate context by relating structural damage states to societal consequences and expectations, through the fundamental response quantities of stiffness, strength and ductility.

This new edition includes material on the nature of earthquake sources and mechanisms, various methods for the characterization of earthquake input motion, effects of soil-structure interaction, damage observed in reconnaissance missions, modeling of structures for the purposes of response simulation, definition of performance limit states, fragility relationships derivation, features and effects of underlying soil, structural and architectural systems for optimal seismic response, and action and deformation quantities suitable for design.

Key features:
* Unified and novel approach: from source to fragility
* Clear conceptual framework for structural response analysis, earthquake input characterization, modelling of soil-structure interaction and derivation of fragility functions
* Theory and relevant practical applications are merged within each chapter
* Contains a new chapter on the derivation of fragility
* Accompanied by a website containing illustrative slides, problems with solutions and worked-through examples

Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition is designed to support graduate teaching and learning, introduce practising structural and geotechnical engineers to earthquake analysis and design problems, as well as being a reference book for further studies.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface xi

Foreword xii

Acknowledgements xiii

Introduction xiv

List of Abbreviations xix

List of Symbols xxii

1 Earthquake Characteristics 1

1.1 Causes of Earthquakes 1

1.1.1 Plate Tectonics Theory 1

1.1.2 Faulting 7

1.1.3 Seismic Waves 11

1.2 Measuring Earthquakes 17

1.2.1 Intensity 17

1.2.2 Magnitude 21

1.2.3 Intensity-Magnitude Relationships 26

1.3 Source?]to?]Site Effects 29

1.3.1 Directional Effects 30

1.3.2 Site Effects 32

1.3.3 Dispersion and Incoherence 35

1.4 Effects of Earthquakes 36

1.4.1 Damage to Buildings and Lifelines 39

1.4.2 Effects on the Ground 41

1.4.2.1 Surface Rupture 43

1.4.2.2 Settlement and Uplift 43

1.4.2.3 Liquefaction 44

1.4.2.4 Landslides 44

1.4.3 Human and Financial Losses 47

References 51

2 Response of Structures 54

2.1 General 54

2.2 Conceptual Framework 55

2.2.1 Definitions 55

2.2.2 Strength?] versus Ductility?]Based Response 56

2.2.3 Member?] versus System?]Level Consideration 58

2.2.4 Nature of Seismic Effects 60

2.2.5 Fundamental Response Quantities 60

2.2.6 Social and Economic Limit States 62

2.3 Structural Response Characteristics 63

2.3.1 Stiffness 63

2.3.1.1 Factors Influencing Stiffness 65

2.3.1.2 Effects on Action and Deformation Distributions 71

2.3.1.3 Non?]structural Damage Control 80

2.3.2 Strength 82

2.3.2.1 Factors Influencing Strength 84

2.3.2.2 Effects on Load Path 90

2.3.2.3 Structural Damage Control 94

2.3.3 Ductility 97

2.3.3.1 Factors Influencing Ductility 100

2.3.3.2 Effects on Action Redistribution 111

2.3.3.3 Structural Collapse Prevention 113

2.3.4 Overstrength 116

2.3.5 Damping 122

2.3.6 Relationship between Strength, Overstrength and Ductility: Force Reduction Factor 'Supply' 128

References 132

3 Earthquake Input Motion 136

3.1 General 136

3.2 Earthquake Occurrence and Return Period 136

3.3 Ground?]Motion Models (Attenuation Relationships) 140

3.3.1 Features of Strong?]Motion Data for Attenuation Relationships 143

3.3.2 Attenuation Relationship for Europe 144

3.3.3 Attenuation Relationship for Japan 145

3.3.4 Attenuation Relationships for North America 146

3.3.4.1 Central and Eastern United States 146

3.3.4.2 Western North America 147

3.3.5 Worldwide Attenuation Relationships 148

3.4 Earthquake Spectra 149

3.4.1 Factors Influencing Response Spectra 149

3.4.2 Elastic and Inelastic Spectra 151

3.4.3 Simplified Spectra 158

3.4.3.1 Spectra from Attenuation Relationships 159

3.4.3.2 Spectra from Ground?]Motion Parameters 165

3.4.4 Force Reduction Factors (Demand) 167

3.4.4.1 Newmark and Hall (1982) 168

3.4.4.2 Krawinkler and Nassar (1992) 169

3.4.4.3 Miranda and Bertero (1994) 169

3.4.4.4 Vidic et al. (1994) 170

3.4.4.5 Borzi and Elnashai (2000) 171

3.4.4.6 Comparison between Response Modification Factor Models 173

3.4.5 Design Spectra 174

3.4.6 Vertical Component of Ground Motion 176

3.4.7 Vertical Motion Spectra 178

3.5 Earthquake Records 180

3.5.1 Natural Records 180

3.5.1.1 Regional Differences 180
Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2015
Fachbereich: Bau- und Umwelttechnik
Genre: Technik
Rubrik: Naturwissenschaften & Technik
Medium: Buch
Seiten: 494
Inhalt: 494 S.
ISBN-13: 9781118678923
ISBN-10: 1118678923
Sprache: Englisch
Herstellernummer: 1W118678920
Autor: Elnashai, Amr
Di Sarno, Luigi
Auflage: 2. Aufl.
Hersteller: Wiley & Sons
Maße: 244 x 170 x 29 mm
Von/Mit: Amr Elnashai (u. a.)
Erscheinungsdatum: 18.09.2015
Gewicht: 0,886 kg
preigu-id: 107535527
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface xi

Foreword xii

Acknowledgements xiii

Introduction xiv

List of Abbreviations xix

List of Symbols xxii

1 Earthquake Characteristics 1

1.1 Causes of Earthquakes 1

1.1.1 Plate Tectonics Theory 1

1.1.2 Faulting 7

1.1.3 Seismic Waves 11

1.2 Measuring Earthquakes 17

1.2.1 Intensity 17

1.2.2 Magnitude 21

1.2.3 Intensity-Magnitude Relationships 26

1.3 Source?]to?]Site Effects 29

1.3.1 Directional Effects 30

1.3.2 Site Effects 32

1.3.3 Dispersion and Incoherence 35

1.4 Effects of Earthquakes 36

1.4.1 Damage to Buildings and Lifelines 39

1.4.2 Effects on the Ground 41

1.4.2.1 Surface Rupture 43

1.4.2.2 Settlement and Uplift 43

1.4.2.3 Liquefaction 44

1.4.2.4 Landslides 44

1.4.3 Human and Financial Losses 47

References 51

2 Response of Structures 54

2.1 General 54

2.2 Conceptual Framework 55

2.2.1 Definitions 55

2.2.2 Strength?] versus Ductility?]Based Response 56

2.2.3 Member?] versus System?]Level Consideration 58

2.2.4 Nature of Seismic Effects 60

2.2.5 Fundamental Response Quantities 60

2.2.6 Social and Economic Limit States 62

2.3 Structural Response Characteristics 63

2.3.1 Stiffness 63

2.3.1.1 Factors Influencing Stiffness 65

2.3.1.2 Effects on Action and Deformation Distributions 71

2.3.1.3 Non?]structural Damage Control 80

2.3.2 Strength 82

2.3.2.1 Factors Influencing Strength 84

2.3.2.2 Effects on Load Path 90

2.3.2.3 Structural Damage Control 94

2.3.3 Ductility 97

2.3.3.1 Factors Influencing Ductility 100

2.3.3.2 Effects on Action Redistribution 111

2.3.3.3 Structural Collapse Prevention 113

2.3.4 Overstrength 116

2.3.5 Damping 122

2.3.6 Relationship between Strength, Overstrength and Ductility: Force Reduction Factor 'Supply' 128

References 132

3 Earthquake Input Motion 136

3.1 General 136

3.2 Earthquake Occurrence and Return Period 136

3.3 Ground?]Motion Models (Attenuation Relationships) 140

3.3.1 Features of Strong?]Motion Data for Attenuation Relationships 143

3.3.2 Attenuation Relationship for Europe 144

3.3.3 Attenuation Relationship for Japan 145

3.3.4 Attenuation Relationships for North America 146

3.3.4.1 Central and Eastern United States 146

3.3.4.2 Western North America 147

3.3.5 Worldwide Attenuation Relationships 148

3.4 Earthquake Spectra 149

3.4.1 Factors Influencing Response Spectra 149

3.4.2 Elastic and Inelastic Spectra 151

3.4.3 Simplified Spectra 158

3.4.3.1 Spectra from Attenuation Relationships 159

3.4.3.2 Spectra from Ground?]Motion Parameters 165

3.4.4 Force Reduction Factors (Demand) 167

3.4.4.1 Newmark and Hall (1982) 168

3.4.4.2 Krawinkler and Nassar (1992) 169

3.4.4.3 Miranda and Bertero (1994) 169

3.4.4.4 Vidic et al. (1994) 170

3.4.4.5 Borzi and Elnashai (2000) 171

3.4.4.6 Comparison between Response Modification Factor Models 173

3.4.5 Design Spectra 174

3.4.6 Vertical Component of Ground Motion 176

3.4.7 Vertical Motion Spectra 178

3.5 Earthquake Records 180

3.5.1 Natural Records 180

3.5.1.1 Regional Differences 180
Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2015
Fachbereich: Bau- und Umwelttechnik
Genre: Technik
Rubrik: Naturwissenschaften & Technik
Medium: Buch
Seiten: 494
Inhalt: 494 S.
ISBN-13: 9781118678923
ISBN-10: 1118678923
Sprache: Englisch
Herstellernummer: 1W118678920
Autor: Elnashai, Amr
Di Sarno, Luigi
Auflage: 2. Aufl.
Hersteller: Wiley & Sons
Maße: 244 x 170 x 29 mm
Von/Mit: Amr Elnashai (u. a.)
Erscheinungsdatum: 18.09.2015
Gewicht: 0,886 kg
preigu-id: 107535527
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