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AN IMPORTANT GUIDE TO THE QUANTIFICATION OF CONTRACT CLAIMS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, UPDATED THIRD EDITION
The substantially expanded third edition of Evaluating Contract Claims puts the spotlight on the quantification of claims in the construction industry after liability has been established, including by reference to the terms of several standard forms of contract in common use. The authors clearly demonstrate the potential alternative approaches to quantification, the processes, principles and standard of analysis required to produce acceptable claims for additional payment. The third edition covers a number of heads claims not considered in previous editions and offers an important guide for those working with building or engineering contracts.
Evaluating Contract Claims explains in detail how the base from which evaluation of additional payments may be established, the effect of changes on the programme of work and the sources of information for evaluation of additional payments. The book also contains information for evaluating the direct consequences of change in terms of the impact on unit rates, and evaluating of the time consequences of change in terms of prolongation, disruption, acceleration and more.
This important book:
- Concentrates on the quantification of contract claims after liability has been established
- Offers a guide that is appropriate for any form of contract
- Considers the potential alternative approaches to quantification of different heads of claim
- Contains the principles and methods that should be reflected in the evaluation of claim quantum
- Includes the standard of substantiation which may be required
- Presents information that is equally applicable in both building and engineering disputes
- Is substantially expanded from its previous editions
Written for construction and engineering contract administrators, project managers, quantity surveyors and contract consultants, Evaluating Contract Claims offers a revised third edition to the essential guide for quantifying claims in the construction industry once liability has been established.
AN IMPORTANT GUIDE TO THE QUANTIFICATION OF CONTRACT CLAIMS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, UPDATED THIRD EDITION
The substantially expanded third edition of Evaluating Contract Claims puts the spotlight on the quantification of claims in the construction industry after liability has been established, including by reference to the terms of several standard forms of contract in common use. The authors clearly demonstrate the potential alternative approaches to quantification, the processes, principles and standard of analysis required to produce acceptable claims for additional payment. The third edition covers a number of heads claims not considered in previous editions and offers an important guide for those working with building or engineering contracts.
Evaluating Contract Claims explains in detail how the base from which evaluation of additional payments may be established, the effect of changes on the programme of work and the sources of information for evaluation of additional payments. The book also contains information for evaluating the direct consequences of change in terms of the impact on unit rates, and evaluating of the time consequences of change in terms of prolongation, disruption, acceleration and more.
This important book:
- Concentrates on the quantification of contract claims after liability has been established
- Offers a guide that is appropriate for any form of contract
- Considers the potential alternative approaches to quantification of different heads of claim
- Contains the principles and methods that should be reflected in the evaluation of claim quantum
- Includes the standard of substantiation which may be required
- Presents information that is equally applicable in both building and engineering disputes
- Is substantially expanded from its previous editions
Written for construction and engineering contract administrators, project managers, quantity surveyors and contract consultants, Evaluating Contract Claims offers a revised third edition to the essential guide for quantifying claims in the construction industry once liability has been established.
Reviews xvii
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Legal Basis 2
1.1.1 Forms of Contract 2
1.2 The Standard of Substantiation 4
1.2.1 SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 5
1.2.2 Direct and Time Consequences 7
1.2.3 Duty to Mitigate 9
1.3 Risks 12
1.3.1 Design Risks 12
1.3.2 Design Review 14
1.3.3 Professional Indemnity Insurance 14
1.3.4 Risk Analysis and Management 14
1.3.5 Risk Registers 16
1.3.6 Risks and Records 17
1.3.7 Reimbursable Risks 20
1.3.8 Non-reimbursable Risks 21
1.4 Sources of Change 22
1.4.1 The Process of Analysis 22
1.4.2 Inadequate Pre-contract Design and Documentation 23
1.4.3 Design Development and Approval 26
1.4.4 Access or Possession 27
1.4.5 Early Taking over or Beneficial Use 28
1.4.6 Changes in Employer Requirements 28
1.4.7 Contract Documents 29
1.4.8 Unforeseeable Occurrences 30
1.4.9 Breach of Contract 31
1.5 Summary 32
2 Establishing the Base 33
2.1 Planned Change 34
2.1.1 Ordered Variations 36
2.1.1.1 Fair Rates and Prices 39
2.1.2 Changes in Quantities 41
2.1.2.1 Quantities and Conditions 43
2.1.3 Preferential Engineering 44
2.1.4 Value Engineering 45
2.1.5 Unconfirmed Instructions 46
2.2 Unplanned Change 47
2.3 Programmes and Method Statements 47
2.3.1 The Status of Programmes 47
2.3.2 Programmes and Resources 52
2.3.2.1 Method Statements 52
2.3.3 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 54
2.3.4 A Partial Programme 55
2.3.5 Limitations on Liability 55
2.4 Summary 56
3 Effect of Change on Programmes of Work 57
3.1 Use of Programmes 58
3.1.1 Provisional Sums in Programmes 60
3.1.2 The Base Cost 63
3.2 Use of As-Built Programmes 64
3.2.1 Sources of Information for As-Built Programmes 65
3.2.2 Constant Resource/Continuous Working 66
3.2.3 Recording of Completion 67
3.3 Change Without Overall Prolongation 67
3.3.1 Who Owns the Float? 68
3.4 Prolongation of the Works 74
3.5 Analysis of Time and Delay 77
3.5.1 Introduction 77
3.5.2 Basic Requirements 82
3.5.3 Float and Acceleration 86
3.5.4 Concurrent Delays 88
3.5.5 'Dot on' 98
3.5.6 Concurrency and the Contractor's Financial Claims 100
3.5.7 Delay Analysis Techniques 103
3.5.7.1 Impacted as Planned 104
3.5.7.2 Time Impact Analysis 108
3.5.7.3 Collapsed As-Built Analysis 111
3.5.7.4 As-Planned Versus As-Built Programmes 113
3.5.7.5 Windows Analysis 115
3.5.7.6 Software 116
3.5.7.7 Building Information Modelling 118
3.5.7.8 Case Law 120
3.5.7.9 Conclusions 123
3.5.8 Assessment of Productivity 125
3.5.8.1 Tender Productivity 126
3.5.8.2 Achievable Productivity 127
3.5.8.3 Actual Productivity After a Change 127
3.5.9 Sources of Productivity Data 128
3.5.9.1 The Fundamental Principles 128
3.5.9.2 Relevant Quantities 128
3.5.9.3 Equipment and Methods 129
3.5.9.4 Sustainable Outputs 130
3.5.9.5 Recalculation Using Efficiency Factors 130
3.5.10 Effect on Contractor's Plant and Equipment 131
3.5.10.1 Working Plant and Equipment 132
3.5.10.2 Site Facilities and Equipment 133
3.5.11 Duty to Mitigate 134
3.6 Summary 135
4 Sources of Financial Information for Evaluation 137
4.1 The Contract Provisions 139
4.1.1 Cost 139
4.1.2 Loss and Expense 141
4.1.3 To Ascertain 142
4.2 Tender Documents and Information 145
4.2.1 Entire Agreements 146
4.2.2 Misstatements and Misrepresentation 147
4.2.3 Mistakes in Tenders 148
4.2.4 The Conditions for, and Character of, the Works 149
4.3 Tender Calculations and Assumptions 149
4.4 Cost Records 151
4.4.1 Identification of Invoices 151
4.4.2 Discounts and Credit Notes 152
4.4.3 Bulk Discounts 153
4.4.4 Coding Systems 154
4.4.5 Timing of Costs 154
4.4.6 Cost Transfers and Accruals 155
4.4.7 Final Accounts and Economic Duress 156
4.5 Accounting Information 158
4.5.1 Financial Accounts 158
4.5.2 Management Accounts 159
4.5.3 Exceptional Items 161
4.6 External Information 161
4.7 Summary 162
5 Evaluation of the Direct Consequences of Change 165
5.1 Unit Rates and Prices or Actual Costs? 166
5.2 Unit Rates and Prices 167
5.2.1 The FIDIC Forms of Contract 172
5.2.2 Measurement of Work 173
5.2.3 Design and Build/Schedule of Rates 175
5.2.4 Status of Contract Rates and Prices 176
5.2.5 Errors in Rates and Prices 177
5.3 The Valuation 'Fences' 184
5.3.1 The 'Fences' 185
5.3.2 'Conditions' and 'Character' 185
5.3.2.1 Change in Conditions 187
5.3.2.2 Change in Character 188
5.3.3 New Rates 189
5.3.4 Valuation of Variations in Quantity 190
5.3.5 Effect of Variations on Other Work 196
5.4 Inclusion of Preliminaries and General Items 197
5.5 Percentage Adjustments 200
5.5.1 Percentages in Variation Valuation 200
5.5.2 Threshold Percentages 201
5.5.2.1 Criteria for Judging Change in the Amount of Work 202
5.5.2.2 Which Rates are to Be Amended? 203
5.5.2.3 What Rules Apply? 203
5.5.3 Percentages for Defective or Incomplete Work, etc. 204
5.5.4 Percentage Caps on Adjustments 205
5.6 Valuation Using Day work Provisions 205
5.7 Use of Actual Costs 210
5.7.1 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Introduction 211
5.7.2 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Forecast or Actual Cost? 213
5.7.3 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Defined Cost 218
5.7.4 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Disallowed Cost 221
5.7.5 The NEC Suite of Contracts -The Fee and Other Agreed Rates 223
5.7.6 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Objectives 224
5.8 Unit Costs 225
5.8.1 Labour Costs 229
5.8.1.1 Gang Rates 229
5.8.1.2 Supervision 230
5.8.2 Use of Norms in Evaluation 231
5.8.3 Plant and Equipment Costs 234
5.8.3.1 Plant and Equipment Cost Rates 235
5.8.3.2 External Hire Charges 240
5.8.4 Materials Costs 241
5.8.5 Overheads and Profit 243
5.9 Subcontractor and Supplier Costs 245
5.9.1 Subcontractors 246
5.9.1.1 Nominated or Named Subcontractors 246
5.9.1.2 Domestic Subcontractors 249
5.9.2 Package Equipment Suppliers 250
5.9.2.1 Example of Change Calculation for Package Equipment 252
5.10 Valuation of Omissions 253
5.11 Add and Omit Variations 254
5.12 Quantum Meruit 257
5.12.1 No Contract or Agreement as to Price 258
5.12.2 Contract Only Says Reasonable Sum 259
5.12.3 Work Outside of Contract 259
5.12.4 Cardinal Change 260
5.12.5 How to Calculate 263
5.13 Valuation in Advance 265
5.14 Requirements for Notices 269
5.14.1 Notice in Relation to Unit Rates 270
5.14.2 Notice in Relation to a Quotation or Proposal 273
5.14.3 Notice as a Condition Precedent and Other Sanctions 275
5.14.4 Further Considerations 277
5.15 Summary 278
6 Evaluation of the Time Consequences of Change 279
6.1 Introduction 279
6.1.1 Factual and Legal Background 279
6.1.2 Financial Effects for the Employer 282
6.1.3 Financial Effects for the Contractor 283
6.1.4 The Causal Link 285
6.1.5 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 287
6.1.6 Conclusions 289
6.2 Prolongation 289
6.2.1 What is to be Evaluated? 289
6.2.2 The Relationship Between Extension of Time and Money Claims 290
6.2.3 Time-Related Costs 295
6.2.3.1 When Did the Delay Occur? 295
6.2.4 What Costs Were Incurred in the Delay Period? 297
6.2.5 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost 298
6.2.6 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Staff 300
6.2.7 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Labour 302
6.2.8 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Temporary Buildings 303
6.2.9 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Temporary Services 304
6.2.10 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Temporary Works 304
6.2.11 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Plant and Equipment 305
6.2.12 Example of Additional Activity Costs 307
6.2.13 Relevance of Tendered Preliminaries and General Cost Rates 310
6.2.14 Increases in Costs 313
6.2.15 Off-Site Overheads and Profit 315
6.3 Liquidated Rates for Delay Damages 315
6.3.1 Challenges to the Rate of Delay Damages 317
6.3.2 Delay Damages as a 'Penalty' 320
6.3.3 Actual Damages for Delay 323
6.3.4 The Date(s) from Which Delay Damages Run 324
6.3.5 Procedure and Prerequisites 324
6.4 Disruption 325
6.4.1 Legal Basis of a Disruption Claim 327
6.4.2 The Factual Basis of a Disruption Claim 330
6.4.3 Evaluating the Costs of Disruption - Introduction 332
6.4.4 Records of Time Lost 334
6.4.5 The 'Measured Mile' 338
6.4.5.1 Illustrative Example of an Earned Value Approach 343
6.4.6 Comparing Tendered and Actual Outputs 344
6.4.6.1 Tendered Allowances 344
6.4.6.2 Actual Outputs 346
6.4.6.3 Other Potential Distorting Factors 347
6.4.6.4 Back-Checking the Results 349
6.4.6.5 Conclusions on Costs Less Recovery Approaches 351
6.4.7 Factors Affecting Productivity 353
6.4.7.1 Excessive Overtime, etc. 354
6.4.7.2 Weather...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2019 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Bau- und Umwelttechnik |
| Genre: | Importe, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: | Gebunden |
| ISBN-13: | 9781118918142 |
| ISBN-10: | 1118918142 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: |
Mullen, John
Davison, R Peter |
| Auflage: | 3rd edition |
| Hersteller: | Wiley |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Libri GmbH, Europaallee 1, D-36244 Bad Hersfeld, gpsr@libri.de |
| Maße: | 250 x 175 x 42 mm |
| Von/Mit: | John Mullen (u. a.) |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 04.11.2019 |
| Gewicht: | 1,385 kg |
Reviews xvii
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Legal Basis 2
1.1.1 Forms of Contract 2
1.2 The Standard of Substantiation 4
1.2.1 SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 5
1.2.2 Direct and Time Consequences 7
1.2.3 Duty to Mitigate 9
1.3 Risks 12
1.3.1 Design Risks 12
1.3.2 Design Review 14
1.3.3 Professional Indemnity Insurance 14
1.3.4 Risk Analysis and Management 14
1.3.5 Risk Registers 16
1.3.6 Risks and Records 17
1.3.7 Reimbursable Risks 20
1.3.8 Non-reimbursable Risks 21
1.4 Sources of Change 22
1.4.1 The Process of Analysis 22
1.4.2 Inadequate Pre-contract Design and Documentation 23
1.4.3 Design Development and Approval 26
1.4.4 Access or Possession 27
1.4.5 Early Taking over or Beneficial Use 28
1.4.6 Changes in Employer Requirements 28
1.4.7 Contract Documents 29
1.4.8 Unforeseeable Occurrences 30
1.4.9 Breach of Contract 31
1.5 Summary 32
2 Establishing the Base 33
2.1 Planned Change 34
2.1.1 Ordered Variations 36
2.1.1.1 Fair Rates and Prices 39
2.1.2 Changes in Quantities 41
2.1.2.1 Quantities and Conditions 43
2.1.3 Preferential Engineering 44
2.1.4 Value Engineering 45
2.1.5 Unconfirmed Instructions 46
2.2 Unplanned Change 47
2.3 Programmes and Method Statements 47
2.3.1 The Status of Programmes 47
2.3.2 Programmes and Resources 52
2.3.2.1 Method Statements 52
2.3.3 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 54
2.3.4 A Partial Programme 55
2.3.5 Limitations on Liability 55
2.4 Summary 56
3 Effect of Change on Programmes of Work 57
3.1 Use of Programmes 58
3.1.1 Provisional Sums in Programmes 60
3.1.2 The Base Cost 63
3.2 Use of As-Built Programmes 64
3.2.1 Sources of Information for As-Built Programmes 65
3.2.2 Constant Resource/Continuous Working 66
3.2.3 Recording of Completion 67
3.3 Change Without Overall Prolongation 67
3.3.1 Who Owns the Float? 68
3.4 Prolongation of the Works 74
3.5 Analysis of Time and Delay 77
3.5.1 Introduction 77
3.5.2 Basic Requirements 82
3.5.3 Float and Acceleration 86
3.5.4 Concurrent Delays 88
3.5.5 'Dot on' 98
3.5.6 Concurrency and the Contractor's Financial Claims 100
3.5.7 Delay Analysis Techniques 103
3.5.7.1 Impacted as Planned 104
3.5.7.2 Time Impact Analysis 108
3.5.7.3 Collapsed As-Built Analysis 111
3.5.7.4 As-Planned Versus As-Built Programmes 113
3.5.7.5 Windows Analysis 115
3.5.7.6 Software 116
3.5.7.7 Building Information Modelling 118
3.5.7.8 Case Law 120
3.5.7.9 Conclusions 123
3.5.8 Assessment of Productivity 125
3.5.8.1 Tender Productivity 126
3.5.8.2 Achievable Productivity 127
3.5.8.3 Actual Productivity After a Change 127
3.5.9 Sources of Productivity Data 128
3.5.9.1 The Fundamental Principles 128
3.5.9.2 Relevant Quantities 128
3.5.9.3 Equipment and Methods 129
3.5.9.4 Sustainable Outputs 130
3.5.9.5 Recalculation Using Efficiency Factors 130
3.5.10 Effect on Contractor's Plant and Equipment 131
3.5.10.1 Working Plant and Equipment 132
3.5.10.2 Site Facilities and Equipment 133
3.5.11 Duty to Mitigate 134
3.6 Summary 135
4 Sources of Financial Information for Evaluation 137
4.1 The Contract Provisions 139
4.1.1 Cost 139
4.1.2 Loss and Expense 141
4.1.3 To Ascertain 142
4.2 Tender Documents and Information 145
4.2.1 Entire Agreements 146
4.2.2 Misstatements and Misrepresentation 147
4.2.3 Mistakes in Tenders 148
4.2.4 The Conditions for, and Character of, the Works 149
4.3 Tender Calculations and Assumptions 149
4.4 Cost Records 151
4.4.1 Identification of Invoices 151
4.4.2 Discounts and Credit Notes 152
4.4.3 Bulk Discounts 153
4.4.4 Coding Systems 154
4.4.5 Timing of Costs 154
4.4.6 Cost Transfers and Accruals 155
4.4.7 Final Accounts and Economic Duress 156
4.5 Accounting Information 158
4.5.1 Financial Accounts 158
4.5.2 Management Accounts 159
4.5.3 Exceptional Items 161
4.6 External Information 161
4.7 Summary 162
5 Evaluation of the Direct Consequences of Change 165
5.1 Unit Rates and Prices or Actual Costs? 166
5.2 Unit Rates and Prices 167
5.2.1 The FIDIC Forms of Contract 172
5.2.2 Measurement of Work 173
5.2.3 Design and Build/Schedule of Rates 175
5.2.4 Status of Contract Rates and Prices 176
5.2.5 Errors in Rates and Prices 177
5.3 The Valuation 'Fences' 184
5.3.1 The 'Fences' 185
5.3.2 'Conditions' and 'Character' 185
5.3.2.1 Change in Conditions 187
5.3.2.2 Change in Character 188
5.3.3 New Rates 189
5.3.4 Valuation of Variations in Quantity 190
5.3.5 Effect of Variations on Other Work 196
5.4 Inclusion of Preliminaries and General Items 197
5.5 Percentage Adjustments 200
5.5.1 Percentages in Variation Valuation 200
5.5.2 Threshold Percentages 201
5.5.2.1 Criteria for Judging Change in the Amount of Work 202
5.5.2.2 Which Rates are to Be Amended? 203
5.5.2.3 What Rules Apply? 203
5.5.3 Percentages for Defective or Incomplete Work, etc. 204
5.5.4 Percentage Caps on Adjustments 205
5.6 Valuation Using Day work Provisions 205
5.7 Use of Actual Costs 210
5.7.1 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Introduction 211
5.7.2 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Forecast or Actual Cost? 213
5.7.3 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Defined Cost 218
5.7.4 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Disallowed Cost 221
5.7.5 The NEC Suite of Contracts -The Fee and Other Agreed Rates 223
5.7.6 The NEC Suite of Contracts - Objectives 224
5.8 Unit Costs 225
5.8.1 Labour Costs 229
5.8.1.1 Gang Rates 229
5.8.1.2 Supervision 230
5.8.2 Use of Norms in Evaluation 231
5.8.3 Plant and Equipment Costs 234
5.8.3.1 Plant and Equipment Cost Rates 235
5.8.3.2 External Hire Charges 240
5.8.4 Materials Costs 241
5.8.5 Overheads and Profit 243
5.9 Subcontractor and Supplier Costs 245
5.9.1 Subcontractors 246
5.9.1.1 Nominated or Named Subcontractors 246
5.9.1.2 Domestic Subcontractors 249
5.9.2 Package Equipment Suppliers 250
5.9.2.1 Example of Change Calculation for Package Equipment 252
5.10 Valuation of Omissions 253
5.11 Add and Omit Variations 254
5.12 Quantum Meruit 257
5.12.1 No Contract or Agreement as to Price 258
5.12.2 Contract Only Says Reasonable Sum 259
5.12.3 Work Outside of Contract 259
5.12.4 Cardinal Change 260
5.12.5 How to Calculate 263
5.13 Valuation in Advance 265
5.14 Requirements for Notices 269
5.14.1 Notice in Relation to Unit Rates 270
5.14.2 Notice in Relation to a Quotation or Proposal 273
5.14.3 Notice as a Condition Precedent and Other Sanctions 275
5.14.4 Further Considerations 277
5.15 Summary 278
6 Evaluation of the Time Consequences of Change 279
6.1 Introduction 279
6.1.1 Factual and Legal Background 279
6.1.2 Financial Effects for the Employer 282
6.1.3 Financial Effects for the Contractor 283
6.1.4 The Causal Link 285
6.1.5 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 287
6.1.6 Conclusions 289
6.2 Prolongation 289
6.2.1 What is to be Evaluated? 289
6.2.2 The Relationship Between Extension of Time and Money Claims 290
6.2.3 Time-Related Costs 295
6.2.3.1 When Did the Delay Occur? 295
6.2.4 What Costs Were Incurred in the Delay Period? 297
6.2.5 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost 298
6.2.6 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Staff 300
6.2.7 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Labour 302
6.2.8 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Temporary Buildings 303
6.2.9 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Temporary Services 304
6.2.10 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Temporary Works 304
6.2.11 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost - Plant and Equipment 305
6.2.12 Example of Additional Activity Costs 307
6.2.13 Relevance of Tendered Preliminaries and General Cost Rates 310
6.2.14 Increases in Costs 313
6.2.15 Off-Site Overheads and Profit 315
6.3 Liquidated Rates for Delay Damages 315
6.3.1 Challenges to the Rate of Delay Damages 317
6.3.2 Delay Damages as a 'Penalty' 320
6.3.3 Actual Damages for Delay 323
6.3.4 The Date(s) from Which Delay Damages Run 324
6.3.5 Procedure and Prerequisites 324
6.4 Disruption 325
6.4.1 Legal Basis of a Disruption Claim 327
6.4.2 The Factual Basis of a Disruption Claim 330
6.4.3 Evaluating the Costs of Disruption - Introduction 332
6.4.4 Records of Time Lost 334
6.4.5 The 'Measured Mile' 338
6.4.5.1 Illustrative Example of an Earned Value Approach 343
6.4.6 Comparing Tendered and Actual Outputs 344
6.4.6.1 Tendered Allowances 344
6.4.6.2 Actual Outputs 346
6.4.6.3 Other Potential Distorting Factors 347
6.4.6.4 Back-Checking the Results 349
6.4.6.5 Conclusions on Costs Less Recovery Approaches 351
6.4.7 Factors Affecting Productivity 353
6.4.7.1 Excessive Overtime, etc. 354
6.4.7.2 Weather...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2019 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Bau- und Umwelttechnik |
| Genre: | Importe, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: | Gebunden |
| ISBN-13: | 9781118918142 |
| ISBN-10: | 1118918142 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: |
Mullen, John
Davison, R Peter |
| Auflage: | 3rd edition |
| Hersteller: | Wiley |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Libri GmbH, Europaallee 1, D-36244 Bad Hersfeld, gpsr@libri.de |
| Maße: | 250 x 175 x 42 mm |
| Von/Mit: | John Mullen (u. a.) |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 04.11.2019 |
| Gewicht: | 1,385 kg |
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