Prof. [...]. [...] Michael Linden, Head of Research Group Psychosomatic Rehabilitation, Charité, Berlin

Prof. Dr. Dr. Andreas Maercker, Head of Department of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Switzerland

Comprehensive overview over current state of knowledge regarding the phenomenon of embitterment and its different aspects

Written by international pioneers in the field of embitterment research

Includes supplementary material: [...]

1. Psychology and neurobiology of embitterment.- PTSD and beyond. The embitterment reaction.- The psychology of embitterment.- Psychology of hope and despair.- The belief in a just word.- Personality and embitterment reactions.- Neurobiological Correlates of Social Exclusion and Social Pain.- Revenge.- Wisdom psychology.- 2. Context of embitterment.- Partnership and embitterment.- Bereavement and embitterment.- Life Span development, old age and embitterment.- Cancer and embitterment.- Work and Embitterment.- The Asian perspective on "loosing one's face".- War trauma, Displacement and Embitterment.- 3. Treatment of embitterment.- Pharmacotherapeutic options in the treatment of reactive disorders and embitterment Forgiveness theraps.- Wisdom psychotherapy.- 4. Legal, societal, and political dimensions of embitterment and forgiveness.- Homicide-suicide and forensic aspects of injustice, humiliation and embitterment.- Introduction: Embitterment and the German Reunification.- Forgiveness education in Northern Ireland.- Embitterment and Apartheid.- 5. Embitterment and the classification of mental disorders.- The differentiation between normal and pathological emmotion. Should embitterment be listed in glossaries of psychopathological terms?- Differentiation between "Reactive mental disorders" and adjustment problems because of personality (-disorders).- Classification of reactive mental disorders in ICD and DSM.- Context factors and reactive disorders in the Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder.