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Beschreibung
In communication acoustics, the communication channel consists of a sound source, a channel (acoustic and/or electric) and finally the receiver: the human auditory system, a complex and intricate system that shapes the way sound is heard. Thus, when developing techniques in communication acoustics, such as in speech, audio and aided hearing, it is important to understand the time-frequency-space resolution of hearing.
This book facilitates the reader's understanding and development of speech and audio techniques based on our knowledge of the auditory perceptual mechanisms by introducing the physical, signal-processing and psychophysical background to communication acoustics. It then provides a detailed explanation of sound technologies where a human listener is involved, including audio and speech techniques, sound quality measurement, hearing aids and audiology.
Key features:
* Explains perceptually-based audio: the authors take a detailed but accessible engineering perspective on sound and hearing with a focus on the human place in the audio communications signal chain, from psychoacoustics and audiology to optimizing digital signal processing for human listening.
* Presents a wide overview of speech, from the human production of speech sounds and basics of phonetics to major speech technologies, recognition and synthesis of speech and methods for speech quality evaluation.
* Includes MATLAB examples that serve as an excellent basis for the reader's own investigations into communication acoustics interaction schemes which intuitively combine touch, vision and voice for lifelike interactions.
This book facilitates the reader's understanding and development of speech and audio techniques based on our knowledge of the auditory perceptual mechanisms by introducing the physical, signal-processing and psychophysical background to communication acoustics. It then provides a detailed explanation of sound technologies where a human listener is involved, including audio and speech techniques, sound quality measurement, hearing aids and audiology.
Key features:
* Explains perceptually-based audio: the authors take a detailed but accessible engineering perspective on sound and hearing with a focus on the human place in the audio communications signal chain, from psychoacoustics and audiology to optimizing digital signal processing for human listening.
* Presents a wide overview of speech, from the human production of speech sounds and basics of phonetics to major speech technologies, recognition and synthesis of speech and methods for speech quality evaluation.
* Includes MATLAB examples that serve as an excellent basis for the reader's own investigations into communication acoustics interaction schemes which intuitively combine touch, vision and voice for lifelike interactions.
In communication acoustics, the communication channel consists of a sound source, a channel (acoustic and/or electric) and finally the receiver: the human auditory system, a complex and intricate system that shapes the way sound is heard. Thus, when developing techniques in communication acoustics, such as in speech, audio and aided hearing, it is important to understand the time-frequency-space resolution of hearing.
This book facilitates the reader's understanding and development of speech and audio techniques based on our knowledge of the auditory perceptual mechanisms by introducing the physical, signal-processing and psychophysical background to communication acoustics. It then provides a detailed explanation of sound technologies where a human listener is involved, including audio and speech techniques, sound quality measurement, hearing aids and audiology.
Key features:
* Explains perceptually-based audio: the authors take a detailed but accessible engineering perspective on sound and hearing with a focus on the human place in the audio communications signal chain, from psychoacoustics and audiology to optimizing digital signal processing for human listening.
* Presents a wide overview of speech, from the human production of speech sounds and basics of phonetics to major speech technologies, recognition and synthesis of speech and methods for speech quality evaluation.
* Includes MATLAB examples that serve as an excellent basis for the reader's own investigations into communication acoustics interaction schemes which intuitively combine touch, vision and voice for lifelike interactions.
This book facilitates the reader's understanding and development of speech and audio techniques based on our knowledge of the auditory perceptual mechanisms by introducing the physical, signal-processing and psychophysical background to communication acoustics. It then provides a detailed explanation of sound technologies where a human listener is involved, including audio and speech techniques, sound quality measurement, hearing aids and audiology.
Key features:
* Explains perceptually-based audio: the authors take a detailed but accessible engineering perspective on sound and hearing with a focus on the human place in the audio communications signal chain, from psychoacoustics and audiology to optimizing digital signal processing for human listening.
* Presents a wide overview of speech, from the human production of speech sounds and basics of phonetics to major speech technologies, recognition and synthesis of speech and methods for speech quality evaluation.
* Includes MATLAB examples that serve as an excellent basis for the reader's own investigations into communication acoustics interaction schemes which intuitively combine touch, vision and voice for lifelike interactions.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
About the Authors xix
Preface xxi
Preface to the Unfinished Manuscript of the Book xxiii
Introduction 1
1 How to Study and Develop Communication Acoustics 7
1.1 Domains of Knowledge 7
1.2 Methodology of Research and Development 8
1.3 Systems Approach to Modelling 10
1.4 About the Rest of this Book 12
1.5 Focus of the Book 12
1.6 Intended Audience 13
References 14
2 Physics of Sound 15
2.1 Vibration and Wave Behaviour of Sound 15
2.2 Acoustic Measures and Quantities 23
2.3 Wave Phenomena 26
2.4 Sound in Closed Spaces: Acoustics of Rooms and Halls 34
Summary 41
Further Reading 41
References 41
3 Signal Processing and Signals 43
3.1 Signals 43
3.2 Fundamental Concepts of Signal Processing 46
3.3 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 56
3.4 Hidden Markov Models 62
3.5 Concepts of Intelligent and Learning Systems 63
Summary 64
Further Reading 64
References 64
4 Electroacoustics and Responses of Audio Systems 67
4.1 Electroacoustics 67
4.2 Audio System Responses 71
4.3 Response Equalization 76
Summary 77
Further Reading 78
References 78
5 Human Voice 79
5.1 Speech Production 79
5.2 Units and Notation of Speech used in Phonetics 84
5.3 Modelling of Speech Production 90
5.4 Singing Voice 96
Summary 96
Further Reading 97
References 97
6 Musical Instruments and Sound Synthesis 99
6.1 Acoustic Instruments 99
6.2 Sound Synthesis in Music 104
Summary 108
Further Reading 108
References 108
7 Physiology and Anatomy of Hearing 111
7.1 Global Structure of the Ear 111
7.2 External Ear 112
7.3 Middle Ear 113
7.4 Inner Ear 115
7.5 Otoacoustic Emissions 123
7.6 Auditory Nerve 123
7.7 Auditory Nervous System 127
7.8 Motivation for Building Computational Models of Hearing 130
Summary 131
Further Reading 131
References 131
8 The Approach and Methodology of Psychoacoustics 133
8.1 Sound Events versus Auditory Events 133
8.2 Psychophysical Functions 135
8.3 Generation of Sound Events 135
8.4 Selection of Subjects for Listening Tests 138
8.5 What are We Measuring? 138
8.6 Tasks for Subjects 141
8.7 Basic Psychoacoustic Test Methods 142
8.8 Descriptive Sensory Analysis 145
8.9 Psychoacoustic Tests from the Point of View of Statistics 149
Summary 149
Further Reading 150
References 150
9 Basic Function of Hearing 153
9.1 Effective Hearing Area 153
9.2 Spectral Masking 156
9.3 Temporal Masking 161
9.4 Frequency Selectivity of Hearing 163
Summary 169
Further Reading 169
References 169
10 Basic Psychoacoustic Quantities 171
10.1 Pitch 171
10.2 Loudness 179
10.3 Timbre 188
10.4 Subjective Duration of Sound 189
Summary 191
Further Reading 191
References 191
11 Further Analysis in Hearing 193
11.1 Sharpness 193
11.2 Detection of Modulation and Sound Onset 195
11.3 Roughness 198
11.4 Tonality 200
11.5 Discrimination of Changes in Signal Magnitud
Preface xxi
Preface to the Unfinished Manuscript of the Book xxiii
Introduction 1
1 How to Study and Develop Communication Acoustics 7
1.1 Domains of Knowledge 7
1.2 Methodology of Research and Development 8
1.3 Systems Approach to Modelling 10
1.4 About the Rest of this Book 12
1.5 Focus of the Book 12
1.6 Intended Audience 13
References 14
2 Physics of Sound 15
2.1 Vibration and Wave Behaviour of Sound 15
2.2 Acoustic Measures and Quantities 23
2.3 Wave Phenomena 26
2.4 Sound in Closed Spaces: Acoustics of Rooms and Halls 34
Summary 41
Further Reading 41
References 41
3 Signal Processing and Signals 43
3.1 Signals 43
3.2 Fundamental Concepts of Signal Processing 46
3.3 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 56
3.4 Hidden Markov Models 62
3.5 Concepts of Intelligent and Learning Systems 63
Summary 64
Further Reading 64
References 64
4 Electroacoustics and Responses of Audio Systems 67
4.1 Electroacoustics 67
4.2 Audio System Responses 71
4.3 Response Equalization 76
Summary 77
Further Reading 78
References 78
5 Human Voice 79
5.1 Speech Production 79
5.2 Units and Notation of Speech used in Phonetics 84
5.3 Modelling of Speech Production 90
5.4 Singing Voice 96
Summary 96
Further Reading 97
References 97
6 Musical Instruments and Sound Synthesis 99
6.1 Acoustic Instruments 99
6.2 Sound Synthesis in Music 104
Summary 108
Further Reading 108
References 108
7 Physiology and Anatomy of Hearing 111
7.1 Global Structure of the Ear 111
7.2 External Ear 112
7.3 Middle Ear 113
7.4 Inner Ear 115
7.5 Otoacoustic Emissions 123
7.6 Auditory Nerve 123
7.7 Auditory Nervous System 127
7.8 Motivation for Building Computational Models of Hearing 130
Summary 131
Further Reading 131
References 131
8 The Approach and Methodology of Psychoacoustics 133
8.1 Sound Events versus Auditory Events 133
8.2 Psychophysical Functions 135
8.3 Generation of Sound Events 135
8.4 Selection of Subjects for Listening Tests 138
8.5 What are We Measuring? 138
8.6 Tasks for Subjects 141
8.7 Basic Psychoacoustic Test Methods 142
8.8 Descriptive Sensory Analysis 145
8.9 Psychoacoustic Tests from the Point of View of Statistics 149
Summary 149
Further Reading 150
References 150
9 Basic Function of Hearing 153
9.1 Effective Hearing Area 153
9.2 Spectral Masking 156
9.3 Temporal Masking 161
9.4 Frequency Selectivity of Hearing 163
Summary 169
Further Reading 169
References 169
10 Basic Psychoacoustic Quantities 171
10.1 Pitch 171
10.2 Loudness 179
10.3 Timbre 188
10.4 Subjective Duration of Sound 189
Summary 191
Further Reading 191
References 191
11 Further Analysis in Hearing 193
11.1 Sharpness 193
11.2 Detection of Modulation and Sound Onset 195
11.3 Roughness 198
11.4 Tonality 200
11.5 Discrimination of Changes in Signal Magnitud
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2015 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Nachrichtentechnik |
| Genre: | Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: | 430 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781118866542 |
| ISBN-10: | 1118866541 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1W118866540 |
| Autor: |
Pulkki, Ville
Karjalainen, Matti |
| Auflage: | 1. Auflage |
| Hersteller: |
Wiley
Wiley & Sons |
| Maße: | 252 x 178 x 25 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Ville Pulkki (u. a.) |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 30.01.2015 |
| Gewicht: | 0,81 kg |
Inhaltsverzeichnis
About the Authors xix
Preface xxi
Preface to the Unfinished Manuscript of the Book xxiii
Introduction 1
1 How to Study and Develop Communication Acoustics 7
1.1 Domains of Knowledge 7
1.2 Methodology of Research and Development 8
1.3 Systems Approach to Modelling 10
1.4 About the Rest of this Book 12
1.5 Focus of the Book 12
1.6 Intended Audience 13
References 14
2 Physics of Sound 15
2.1 Vibration and Wave Behaviour of Sound 15
2.2 Acoustic Measures and Quantities 23
2.3 Wave Phenomena 26
2.4 Sound in Closed Spaces: Acoustics of Rooms and Halls 34
Summary 41
Further Reading 41
References 41
3 Signal Processing and Signals 43
3.1 Signals 43
3.2 Fundamental Concepts of Signal Processing 46
3.3 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 56
3.4 Hidden Markov Models 62
3.5 Concepts of Intelligent and Learning Systems 63
Summary 64
Further Reading 64
References 64
4 Electroacoustics and Responses of Audio Systems 67
4.1 Electroacoustics 67
4.2 Audio System Responses 71
4.3 Response Equalization 76
Summary 77
Further Reading 78
References 78
5 Human Voice 79
5.1 Speech Production 79
5.2 Units and Notation of Speech used in Phonetics 84
5.3 Modelling of Speech Production 90
5.4 Singing Voice 96
Summary 96
Further Reading 97
References 97
6 Musical Instruments and Sound Synthesis 99
6.1 Acoustic Instruments 99
6.2 Sound Synthesis in Music 104
Summary 108
Further Reading 108
References 108
7 Physiology and Anatomy of Hearing 111
7.1 Global Structure of the Ear 111
7.2 External Ear 112
7.3 Middle Ear 113
7.4 Inner Ear 115
7.5 Otoacoustic Emissions 123
7.6 Auditory Nerve 123
7.7 Auditory Nervous System 127
7.8 Motivation for Building Computational Models of Hearing 130
Summary 131
Further Reading 131
References 131
8 The Approach and Methodology of Psychoacoustics 133
8.1 Sound Events versus Auditory Events 133
8.2 Psychophysical Functions 135
8.3 Generation of Sound Events 135
8.4 Selection of Subjects for Listening Tests 138
8.5 What are We Measuring? 138
8.6 Tasks for Subjects 141
8.7 Basic Psychoacoustic Test Methods 142
8.8 Descriptive Sensory Analysis 145
8.9 Psychoacoustic Tests from the Point of View of Statistics 149
Summary 149
Further Reading 150
References 150
9 Basic Function of Hearing 153
9.1 Effective Hearing Area 153
9.2 Spectral Masking 156
9.3 Temporal Masking 161
9.4 Frequency Selectivity of Hearing 163
Summary 169
Further Reading 169
References 169
10 Basic Psychoacoustic Quantities 171
10.1 Pitch 171
10.2 Loudness 179
10.3 Timbre 188
10.4 Subjective Duration of Sound 189
Summary 191
Further Reading 191
References 191
11 Further Analysis in Hearing 193
11.1 Sharpness 193
11.2 Detection of Modulation and Sound Onset 195
11.3 Roughness 198
11.4 Tonality 200
11.5 Discrimination of Changes in Signal Magnitud
Preface xxi
Preface to the Unfinished Manuscript of the Book xxiii
Introduction 1
1 How to Study and Develop Communication Acoustics 7
1.1 Domains of Knowledge 7
1.2 Methodology of Research and Development 8
1.3 Systems Approach to Modelling 10
1.4 About the Rest of this Book 12
1.5 Focus of the Book 12
1.6 Intended Audience 13
References 14
2 Physics of Sound 15
2.1 Vibration and Wave Behaviour of Sound 15
2.2 Acoustic Measures and Quantities 23
2.3 Wave Phenomena 26
2.4 Sound in Closed Spaces: Acoustics of Rooms and Halls 34
Summary 41
Further Reading 41
References 41
3 Signal Processing and Signals 43
3.1 Signals 43
3.2 Fundamental Concepts of Signal Processing 46
3.3 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 56
3.4 Hidden Markov Models 62
3.5 Concepts of Intelligent and Learning Systems 63
Summary 64
Further Reading 64
References 64
4 Electroacoustics and Responses of Audio Systems 67
4.1 Electroacoustics 67
4.2 Audio System Responses 71
4.3 Response Equalization 76
Summary 77
Further Reading 78
References 78
5 Human Voice 79
5.1 Speech Production 79
5.2 Units and Notation of Speech used in Phonetics 84
5.3 Modelling of Speech Production 90
5.4 Singing Voice 96
Summary 96
Further Reading 97
References 97
6 Musical Instruments and Sound Synthesis 99
6.1 Acoustic Instruments 99
6.2 Sound Synthesis in Music 104
Summary 108
Further Reading 108
References 108
7 Physiology and Anatomy of Hearing 111
7.1 Global Structure of the Ear 111
7.2 External Ear 112
7.3 Middle Ear 113
7.4 Inner Ear 115
7.5 Otoacoustic Emissions 123
7.6 Auditory Nerve 123
7.7 Auditory Nervous System 127
7.8 Motivation for Building Computational Models of Hearing 130
Summary 131
Further Reading 131
References 131
8 The Approach and Methodology of Psychoacoustics 133
8.1 Sound Events versus Auditory Events 133
8.2 Psychophysical Functions 135
8.3 Generation of Sound Events 135
8.4 Selection of Subjects for Listening Tests 138
8.5 What are We Measuring? 138
8.6 Tasks for Subjects 141
8.7 Basic Psychoacoustic Test Methods 142
8.8 Descriptive Sensory Analysis 145
8.9 Psychoacoustic Tests from the Point of View of Statistics 149
Summary 149
Further Reading 150
References 150
9 Basic Function of Hearing 153
9.1 Effective Hearing Area 153
9.2 Spectral Masking 156
9.3 Temporal Masking 161
9.4 Frequency Selectivity of Hearing 163
Summary 169
Further Reading 169
References 169
10 Basic Psychoacoustic Quantities 171
10.1 Pitch 171
10.2 Loudness 179
10.3 Timbre 188
10.4 Subjective Duration of Sound 189
Summary 191
Further Reading 191
References 191
11 Further Analysis in Hearing 193
11.1 Sharpness 193
11.2 Detection of Modulation and Sound Onset 195
11.3 Roughness 198
11.4 Tonality 200
11.5 Discrimination of Changes in Signal Magnitud
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2015 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Nachrichtentechnik |
| Genre: | Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: | 430 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781118866542 |
| ISBN-10: | 1118866541 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1W118866540 |
| Autor: |
Pulkki, Ville
Karjalainen, Matti |
| Auflage: | 1. Auflage |
| Hersteller: |
Wiley
Wiley & Sons |
| Maße: | 252 x 178 x 25 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Ville Pulkki (u. a.) |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 30.01.2015 |
| Gewicht: | 0,81 kg |
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