Historian, writer and illustrator Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage is the author of numerous books. His interests include World War II and medieval and French history. He lives in Groningen, Netherlands.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part 1: Tudor Fortifications

Historical Background, 1485-1603

Residential Palaces

Henry VIII's Coastal Forts

The Elizabethan Era (1558-1603)

Bastion Fortifications

Early Bastioned Fortifications in England

Part 2: Bastioned Fortifications in the 17th and 18th Centuries

The English Civil War

Fortifications During the English Civil Wars

Anglo-Dutch Wars

Wars Against Louis XIV's France

Jacobite Rebellion

British Fortifications in North America

American War of Independence

British Fortifications in the West Indies

British Fortifications in India and Asia

Part 3: British Fortifications During the Napoleonic Era

Napoleonic Wars

Martello Towers

Coastal Forts

Dover Western Heights

Chatham Dockyard Defenses

The Royal Military Canal

The Lines of Torres Vedras

Part 4: Fortifications in Britain in the 19th Century

Britain in the 19th Century

Polygonal Fortification

Palmerston Forts

Sea Forts

Defense of Dover

­Ferro-Concrete Fortification

Defense of London

Part 5: Fortifications in the British Empire in the 19th Century

Colonialism

The British Empire

Colonial Fortifications

British Fortifications in Canada

British Fortifications in Gibraltar

British Fortifications in Malta

British Fortifications in India

British Fortifications in New Zealand and Australia

British Fortifications in South Africa

British Fortifications in the Boer Wars

Part 6: British Fortifications in World War I

The First Phase of the War

Trench Warfare

Tactics and Weapons

Allied Victory

Part 7: British Fortifications in World War II

Evolution of Fortifications in the Interwar

Operation Sea Lion

Anti-Invasion Preparations

Coastal Defenses

Inland Fortifications

FW3 Pillboxes

Obstacles

Sea Forts

Churchill's Command Bunker

Evaluation

German Fortifications in the Channel Islands

Other Theaters of Operation

Conclusion

British Fortifications Today

Appendices

1. British Kings and Queens, 1485-2022

2. British Prime Ministers, 1721-1945

Bibliography

Index