About the Editors

Vinod Krishnan is Professor and Head of the Department of Orthodontics at the Sri Sankara Dental College in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman is Researcher at the University Medical Center Groningen in The Netherlands as well as Adjunct Professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland and the University of Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Ze'ev Davidovitch is Professor Emeritus of Orthodontics at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Contributors viii

Preface to the First Edition x

Preface to the Second Edition xi

Preface to the Third Edition xii

Part 1: Evolution of Biological Concepts 1

1 Biological Basis of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Historical Perspective 3
Vinod Krishnan and Ze'ev Davidovitch

2 Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: The Evolution of Hypotheses and Concepts 16
Vinod Krishnan and Ze'ev Davidovitch

Part 2: Mechanics Meets Biology 33

3 Cellular and Molecular Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movemen 35
Jaap C. Maltha, Vinod Krishnan, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman

4 Inflammatory Response in the Periodontal Ligament and Dental Pulp During Orthodontic Tooth Movement 49
Masaru Yamaguchi and Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet

5 The Effects of Mechanical Loading on Hard and Soft Tissues and Cells 68
Itzhak Binderman, Nasser Gadban, and Avinoam Yaffe

6 Biological Aspects of Bone Growth and Metabolism in Orthodontics 77
James K. Hartsfield, Jr., Priyanka Gudsoorkar, Lorri A. Morford, and W. Eugene Roberts, Jr.

7 Mechanical Load, Sex Hormones, and Bone Modeling 100
Sara H. Windahl and Ulf H. Lerner

8 Biological Reactions to Temporary Anchorage Devices 117
Gang Wu, Jiangyue Wang, Ding Bai, Jing Guo, Haikun Hu, and Vincent Everts

9 Tissue Reaction to Orthodontic Force Systems. Are we in Control? 129
Birte Melsen, Michel Dalstra, and Paolo M. Cattaneo

Part 3: Inflammation and Orthodontics 139

10 The Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on Oral Microbiology 141
Alessandra Lucchese and Lars Bondemark

11 Markers of Paradental Tissue Remodeling in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva of Orthodontic Patients 159
Taylor E. Glovsky and Laura R. Iwasaki

Part 4: Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment 169

12 Genetic Influences on Orthodontic Tooth Movement 171
Margarita Zeichner-David

13 Precision Orthodontics: Limitations and Possibilities in Practice 189
James K. Hartsfield, Jr., Priyanka Gudsoorkar, and Lorri A. Morford

14 The Effect of Drugs, Hormones, and Diet on Orthodontic Tooth Movement 199
Vinod Krishnan, James J. Zahrowski, and Ze'ev Davidovitch

Part 5: Rapid Orthodontics 217

15 Biological Orthodontics: Methods to Accelerate or Decelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement 219
Vinod Krishnan, Ze'ev Davidovitch, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman

16 Surgically Assisted Tooth Movement: Biological Application 238
Carlalberta Verna, Raffaele Spena, Michel Dalstra, Paolo M. Cattaneo, and Judith V. Ball

17 Precision Accelerated Orthodontics: How Micro-osteoperforations and Vibration Trigger Inflammation to Optimize Tooth Movement 265
Mani Alikhani, Jeanne M. Nervina, and Christina C. Teixeira

Part 6: Long-term Effects of Tooth-moving Forces 277

18 Mechanical and Biological Determinants of Iatrogenic Injuries in Orthodontics 279
Vinod Krishnan, Ambili Renjithkumar, and Ze'ev Davidovitch

19 The Biological Background of Relapse of Orthodontic Tooth Movement 297
Jaap C. Maltha, Vaska Vandevska-Radunovic, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman

Part 7: Tooth-movement Research 309

20 Planning and Executing Tooth-movement Research 311
Vinod Krishnan, Ze'ev Davidovitch, and Rajesh Ramachandran

21 Controversies and Research Directions in Tooth-movement Research 327
Vinod Krishnan, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Ze'ev Davidovitch

Index 343