Preface and Acknowledgments 1. River Values and Threats 2. Global Hydrology, Climate, and River Flow Regimes 3. Catchments, Drainage Networks, and Resource Regimes 4. River Ecology, the Natural Flow Regime Paradigm, and Hydroecological Principles 5. Effects of Catchment Change and River-Corridor Engineering 6. History of Water Control and Dam Impacts 7. Effects of Dams on Sediment, Thermal, and Chemical Regimes 8. Effects of Dams on Habitat and Aquatic Biodiversity 9. Introduction to Environmental Flow Methods 10. Hydraulic Rating and Habitat Simulation Methods 11. Flow Protection Methods 12. Flow Restoration Methods 13. Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA) 14. Environmental Flow Relationships, Models, and Applications 15. Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems and Threats 16. Sustaining Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems 17. Wetlands, Threats, and Water Requirements 18. Estuaries, Threats, and Flow Requirements 19. Setting Limits to Hydrologic Alteration 20. Implementing and Monitoring Environmental Flows 21. Legislation and Policy 22. Adapting to Climate Change Appendix: The Brisbane Declaration (2007) Literature Cited Index