to Statistics.- 0 Preliminaries.- 0.1 Mathematical Abbreviations.- 0.2 Arithmetical Operations.- 0.3 Computational Aids.- 0.4 Rounding Off.- 0.5 Computations with Inaccurate Numbers.- 1 Statistical Decision Techniques.- 1.1 What Is Statistics? Statistics and the Scientific Method.- 1.2 Elements of Computational Probability.- 1.3 The Path to the Normal Distribution.- 1.4 The Road to the Statistical Test.- 1.5 Three Important Families of Test Distributions.- 2 Statistical Methods in Medicine and Technology.- 2.1 Medical Statistics.- 2.2 Sequential Test Plans.- 2.3 Evaluation of Biologically Active Substances Based on Dosage-Dichotomous Effect Curves.- 2.4 Statistics in Engineering.- 2.5 Operations Research.- 3 The Comparison of Independent Data Samples.- 3.1 The Confidence Interval of the Mean and of the Median.- ?3.2 Comparison of an Empirical Mean with the Mean of a Normally Distributed Population.- ?3.3 Comparison of an Empirical Variance with Its Parameter.- 3.4 Confidence Interval for the Variance and for the Coefficient of Variation.- 3.5 Comparison of Two Empirically Determined Variances of Normally Distributed Populations.- ?3.6 Comparison of Two Empirical Means of Normally Distributed Populations.- 3.7 Quick Tests Which Assume Nearly Normally Distributed Data.- 3.8 The Problem of Outliers and Some Tables Useful in Setting Tolerance Limits.- 3.9 Distribution-Free Procedures for the Comparison of Independent Samples.- 4 Further Test Procedures.- 4.1 Reduction of Sampling Errors by Pairing Observations: Paired Samples.- 4.2 Observations Arranged in Pairs.- 4.3 The ?2 Goodness of Fit Test.- 4.4 The Kolmogoroff-Smirnoff Goodness of Fit Test.- 4.5 The Frequency of Events.- 4.6 The Evaluation of Fourfold Tables.- 4.7 Testing the Randomness of a Sequence ofDichotomous Data or of Measured Data.- 4.8 The S3 Sign Test of Cox and Stuart for Detection of a Monotone Trend.- 5 Measures of Association: Correlation and Regression.- 5.1 Preliminary Remarks and Survey.- 5.2 Hypotheses on Causation Must Come from Outside, Not from Statistics.- 5.3 Distribution-Free Measures of Association.- 5.4 Estimation Procedures.- 5.5 Test Procedures.- 5.6 Nonlinear Regression.- 5.7 Some Linearizing Transformations.- ?5.8 Partial and Multiple Correlations and Regressions.- 6 The Analysis of k x 2 and Other Two Way Tables.- 6.1 Comparison of Several Samples of Dichotomous Data and the Analysis of a k x 2 Two Way Table.- 6.2 The Analysis of r x c Contingency and Homogeneity Tables.- 7 Analysis of Variance Techniques.- ?7.1 Preliminary Discussion and Survey.- 7.2 Testing the Equality of Several Variances.- 7.3 One Way Analysis of Variance.- 7.4 Two Way and Three Way Analysis of Variance.- 7.5 Rapid Tests of Analysis of Variance.- 7.6 Rank Analysis of Variance for Several Correlated Samples.- ?7.7 Principles of Experimental Design.- Bibliography and General References.- Exercises.- Solutions to the Exercises.- Few Names and Some Page Numbers.