P. J. Rhodes is Honorary Professor of Ancient History at the University of Durham. He is the author of many books on Greek history, including The Athenian Boule (1972), A Commentary on the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia (1981), Aristotle: The Athenian Constitution (1984), The Decrees of the Greek States (with D. M. Lewis, 1997) and Greek Historical Inscriptions, 404?323 BC (with R. Osborne, 2003). Most recently, he has edited The Old Oligarch (with J. L. Marr, 2008), and has written the Introduction and Notes for Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War (translated by M. Hammond, 2009).

List of Illustrations vii

List of Figures ix

List of Maps x

Preface xi

Note on References xiii

Chronological Table xv

1 Introduction 1

2 The Formation of the Delian League 14

3 The Peloponnese in the Early Fifth Century 24

4 Athens After the Persian Wars 34

5 The Athenian Empire in the Mid Fifth Century 47

6 Periclean Athens 59

7 The Greeks in the West: The Rise of Syracuse 77

8 The Peloponnesian War: Origins 87

9 The Peloponnesian War: Resources and Strategies 96

10 The Peloponnesian War: 431-421 107

11 The Athens of Cleon 122

12 The Peloponnesian War: 421-413 131

13 The Peloponnesian War: 413-404 149

14 Athens in the Late Fifth Century 163

15 The Athenian Empire: Retrospect 183

16 Life in the Classical Greek World 200

17 Culture in the Classical Greek World 209

18 Introduction to the Fourth Century: The Common Peace 224

19 Sparta's Imperialism and Collapse 239

Appendix: Persia and its Rebels 256

20 The Second Athenian League 261

21 Thebes and Northern Greece 279

22 Athens After the Peloponnesian War 293

23 The Western Greeks from Dionysius I to Timoleon 311

24 Philip II of Macedon 332

Appendix: Persia and the Greeks in the Reign of Artaxerxes III 361

25 Demosthenic Athens 367

Appendix: Sparta 384

26 Alexander the Great: Sources and Outline 388

27 Alexander the Great: Topics 401

28 Epilogue 427

Glossary 431

Bibliography 435

Index 445