CONTENTS

Unit 1: Scientific Investigation 1
1. Thinking Like a Scientist 2
2. Scientific Experiments 11
3. Lab Reports and Evaluating Results 31
4. SI Units and Measurements 37
5. Lab Safety and Scientific Tools 47

Unit 2: MATTER, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, and SOLUTIONS 59
6. Matter, Properties, and Phases 60
7. Periodic Table, Atomic Structure, and Compounds 71
8. Solutions and Fluids 83

Unit 3: MOTION, FORCES, and WORK 91
9. Motion 92
10. Force and Newton’s Laws of Motion 99
11. Gravity, Friction, and More Forces in Everyday Life 109
12. Work and Machines 119

Unit 4: ENERGY 129
13. Forms of Energy 130
14. Thermal Energy 137
15. Light and Sound Waves 143
16. Electricity and Magnetism 159
17. Electrical Energy Sources 175

Unit 5: OUTER SPACE: The UNIVERSE and the SOLAR SYSTEM 183
18. The Solar System and Space Exploration 184
19. The Sun-Earth-Moon System 197
20. Stars and Galaxies 209
21. The Origin of the Universe and Our Solar System 219

UNIT 6: The EARTH, WEATHER, ATMOSPHERE, and CLIMATE 227
22. Minerals, Rocks, and the Earth’s Structure 228
23. Earth's Crust in Motion 239
24. Weathering and Erosion 251
25. The Earth’s Atmosphere and Water Cycle 259
26. Weather 269
27. Climate 281

Unit 7: LIFE: CLASSIFICATION and CELLS 291
28. Organisms and Biological Classification 292
29. Cell Theory and Cell Structure 303
30. Cellular Transport and Metabolism 313
31. Cell Reproduction and Protein Synthesis 321

Unit 8: PLANTS and ANIMALS 333
32. Plant Structure and Reproduction 334
33. Animals: Invertebrates 345
34. Animals: Vertebrates 355
35. Animal and Plant Homeostasis and Behavior 365

Unit 9: The HUMAN BODY and BODY SYSTEMS 373
36. Skeletal and Muscular Systems 374
37. Nervous and Endocrine Systems 385
38. Digestive and Excretory Systems 397
39. Respiratory and Circulatory Systems 405
40. Immune and Lymphatic Systems 415
41. Human Reproduction and Development 423

Unit 10: HISTORY of LIFE: HEREDITY, EVOLUTION, and FOSSILS 433
42. Heredity and Genetics 434
43. Evolution 445
44. Fossils and Rock Ages 457
45. History of Life on Earth 465

Unit 11: ECOLOGY: HABITATS, INTERDEPENDENCE, and RESOURCES 475
46. Ecology and Ecosystems 476
47. Interdependence and the Cycling of Energy and Matter 485
48. Ecological Succession and Biomes 497
49. Natural Resources and Conservation 509