Erika Gebo is professor of sociology & criminal justice at Suffolk University. She is a co-editor of the book, Looking Beyond Suppression: Community Responses to Gang Violence.

Carolyn Boyes-Watson is Professor of sociology & criminal justice and the Director for the Center for Restorative Justice at Suffolk University. She is the author of Crime and Justice: Learning through Cases and co-author of Circle Forward: Building a Restorative School Community.

Preface

Acknowledgments

PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF YOUTH, CRIME, AND JUSTICE

Chapter 1: Youth, Society, and the Law

Learning Objectives

Case Study 1: Judging Gina

Introduction

Juvenile Justice System Core Challenges

Socio-Ecology: Age in a Life Context

Social and Legal Constructions

Intersectionality

Positive Youth Development Lens

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Chapter 2: Youth and Developmental Institutions

Learning Objectives

Case Study 2: Saving or Exploiting Children?

Introduction

Decline of Family-Based Systems of Social Control

Emergence of Childhood

Industrialization, Urbanization, & Immigration

Emergence & Regulation of Adolescence

Institution Building Era

Controlling Adolescent Girls

Racial Segregation

Parens Patriae Legal Doctrine

Origins of Child Welfare

Juvenile Court Creation

Comparing Rhetoric with Reality

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Chapter 3: Paradigms of Youth Justice

Learning Objectives

Case Study 3: A Tragedy or a Crime?

Introduction

Juvenile Justice Cycles or Shifts?

The Classical Juvenile Justice Paradigm

The Juvenile Rights Paradigm

The "Get Tough" Paradigm

The Positive Youth Development & Community Restorative Justice Paradigm

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

PART II: PATHWAYS TO CRIME FOR MALES AND FEMALES

Chapter 4: Measurement & Correlates of Youth Crime and Violence

Learning Objectives

Case Study 4: Not Just Another Statistic: The Hope of Tribal Justice for Indigenous Youth

Introduction

Measuring Delinquency

A Snapshot of Juvenile Crime

Juvenile Victimization

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Correlates of Violence

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Chapter 5: Delinquency, Victimization, and Pathways to Offending for Boys

Learning Objectives

Case Study 5: Learning the Code

Introduction

Theories of Delinquency

Person-Centered Theories

Society-Centered Theories

Integrated Theories

Critical Theories

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Chapter 6: Delinquency, Victimization, and Pathways to Offending for Girls

Learning Objectives

Case Study 6: Addicted to Love: Growing up on the Track

Introduction

Female Delinquency Recap

Feminist Perspectives on Gender & Justice

Female Pathways to Delinquency

Risk & Protective Factor Framework

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Chapter 7: Gangs & Serious, Violent, Chronic Offenders

Learning Objectives

Case Study 7: Confessions of a Former Latin King

Introduction

Understanding Gangs

Serious, Violent, and Chronic Offenders

Promising Innovations Addressing Gangs & SVC Offenders

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Chapter 8: Youth, Schools, & Problem Behaviors

Learning Objectives

Case Study 8: Mobilizing for Change: Youth Respond to School Gun Violence Introduction

Education and Inequality

School Crime

School Climate

Discipline & the School to Prison Pipeline

School Programs for Positive Change

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

PART III: THE CONTEMPORARY JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

Chapter 9: Youth and Police

Learning Objectives

Case Study 9: Victor Rios Changing What Police See

Introduction

History of Policing Youth in America

Juvenile Justice System Case Flow

Police Role in Juvenile Justice

Police Discretion

Gender and Police Treatment

Policing Practices

Police and Civil Rights

Changing Role of Police

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Chapter 10: Youth and the Courts

Learning Objectives

Case Study 10: Judging Our Youth

Introduction

Juvenile Court Evolution

Juvenile Court Stages

Key Court Personnel

Court Practices & Effectiveness

Significant Juvenile Justice Cases

From Juvenile to Adult Court

Future of Juvenile Court

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Chapter 11: Youth and Corrections

Learning Objectives

Case Study 11: From Punishment to Rehabilitation

Introduction

Intervening With Youth

Diversion

Probation

Intermediate Sanctions

Residential Corrections

Key Issues in Residential Placement

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Chapter 12: Prevention, Intervention, and the Future of Youth Justice

Learning Objectives

Case Study 12: A Matter of Degrees

Introduction

Three Levels of Prevention

What Works

Evidence-Based Practices

Evidence-Based Programs

Comprehensive Community Initiatives

What Does Not Work

The Future of Youth & Juvenile Justice

Concluding Thoughts

Key Terms

Chapter Questions & Discussions

Check it Out

Glossary

Photo Credits

Index

About the Authors