List of figures; List of tables; List of contributors; Preface; List of abbreviations; 1. Introduction: a study in the education of a society? Marios Costambeys and Matthew Innes; Part I. Knowledge of the Past: 2. Flavius Josephus: the most influential classical historian of the early Middle Ages Richard Matthew Pollard; 3. Bede and the changing image of Rome and the Romans Paul Hilliard; 4. Paul the Deacon and Rome Marios Costambeys; 5. History and (selective) memory: articulating community and division in Folcuin's Gesta abbatum Lobiensium Ingrid Rembold; 6. 'Appropriate to the religion of their time': Walahfrid's historicisation of the liturgy Christina Pössel; 7. The order of history: liturgical time and the rhythms of the past in Amalarius of Metz's De ordine Antiphonarii Graeme Ward; Part II. The Written Word in Early Medieval Europe: The View from the Manuscripts: 8. The manuscript evidence for pharmacy in the early Middle Ages Nicholas Everett; 9. Monte Cassino's network of knowledge: the earliest manuscript evidence Sven Meeder; 10. Strategies of knowledge organisation in early medieval Latin glossary miscellanies: the example of Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 14388 Anna Dorofeeva; 11. 'Dissonance of speech, consonance of meaning': the 862 Council of Aachen and the transmission of Carolingian conciliar records Charles West; Part III. Texts and Early Medieval Rulers: 12. The Moorish kingdoms and the written word: three 'textual communities' in fifth- and sixth-century Mauretania Andy Merrills; 13. When liturgy gets out of hand Yitzhak Hen; 14. The formation of a European identity: revisiting Charlemagne's coinage Simon Coupland; 15. Queenship in dispute: Fastrada, history and law Matthew Innes; 16. Remembering and forgetting Lothar I Elina Screen; Bibliography; List of manuscripts; General index.