Preface

1. History and Background
Origin and Evolution of the Oceans,
Today's Oceans, Ocean Currents,
Ocean Features,
Ocean Chemistry,
Who Owns the Oceans?,
Ocean Exploration, The Voyages,
The Ocean Floor,
The Equipment,
Origin and Evolution of the Cryosphere, Huronian Glaciation,
Snowball Earth,
Andean-Saharan,
Late Paleozoic,
Quaternary,
Marine Life, Coastal Habitats,
The Open Ocean,
Conclusion,
References,

2. Problems, Controversies, and Solutions
Climate Change, Rise in Sea Level,
Changes in Ocean Chemistry,
Fishing Issues, Overfishing,
Bycatch,
Illegal Fishing,
Pollution, Plastics and Microplastics,
Oil Spills and Leaks,
Dredging and Shipping,
Chemical Pollutants,
Agricultural Runoff and Urban Sewage,
Aquaculture,
Coral Reef Die-Off,
Deep-Sea Mining,
Noise,
Invasive Species,
Crime on the Seas,
Conclusion,
References,

3. Perspectives
Introduction,
Plenty of Fish in the Sea?
Megan Atcheson
Coral Reef Bleaching: Is There Hope?
Cherilyn Chin
Loggerhead Sea Turtles of Anna Maria Island,
ChrisAnn Silver Esformes
Small Island Nations at Risk,
Bruce E. Johansen
An International Solution,
Susan Lewis
One Fish, Two Fish, Free Fish, Farm Fish,
Ellen Rubin
Reef Grief,
Anjali A. Sarkar
Resiliency,
Joy Ward

4. Profiles
Sylvia Earle (1935-),
Greenpeace,
Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-73),
Charles J. Moore (dates unavailable),
Sir John Murray (1841-1914),
Ocean Conservancy,
Oceana,
Arvid Pardo (1914-99),
Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460),
Roger Revelle (1909-91) and Hans Suess (1909-93),
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society,
Boyan Slat (1994-),
Henry Melson Stommel (1920-92),
Surfrider Foundation,

5. Data and Documents
Data,
Table 5.1. Range of Highest Tides Worldwide,
Table 5.2. Rise in Sea Levels, 1993-2019,
Table 5.3. Arctic Sea Ice Minimum, 1979-2019,
Table 5.4. Trends in Antarctic and Greenland Ice Mass, 2002-17 (gigatonnes per year),
Table 5.5. Overfishing and Overfished Stocks as of December 31, 2018,
Table 5.6. Snow Cover for North America and Greenland, 1979-2019,
Documents, Letter to Certain Foreign Ministers, from Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson (1793),
United States v. California (1947) and the Submerged Lands Act (1953),
Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972),
Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (1980),
Proclamation 5030 (1983),
Ocean Dumping Ban Act (1988),
Marine Debris Research, Prevention, and Reduction Act (2006),
Speed Restrictions to Reduce the Threat of Ship Collisions with North Atlantic Right Whales (2008/2013),
Executive Order 13547 (2009),
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (2007),
National Ocean Policy Implementation Plan (2013),
Executive Order 13840 (2018),
League of Conservation Voters, et al. v. Donald J. Trump, et al. (2018),

6. Resources
Books,
Articles,
Reports,
Internet,

7. Chronology

Glossary,
Index,