Acknowledgments x

List of Tables xii

List of Figures xv

Introduction: Why Women in World Christianity? 1

Gender and Quantitative Research on World Christianity 2

Women in the World Today 4

Is World Christianity a Women's Movement? 6

Contents of This Book 7

Part I Women in World Christianity by Continent 11

1 Women in World Christianity 13

World Christianity, 1900-2050 14

World Christianity by Major Tradition, Family, and Denomination 19

Dynamics of Religious Change 24

Women in Christian History 26

Women in Social Scientific Research 28

Women in Theology 31

Conclusion 32

2 Women in African Christianity 35

Christianity in Africa, 1900-2050 37

Women in African Christianity: Past and Present 42

African Women in Theology 49

Conclusion 50

3 Women in Asian Christianity 54

Christianity in Asia, 1900-2050 56

Women in Asian Christianity: Past and Present 62

Asian Women in Theology 70

Conclusion 71

4 Women in European Christianity 76

Christianity in Europe, 1900-2050 78

Women in European Christianity: Past and Present [...]opean Women in Theology 91

Conclusion 92

5 Women in Latin American and Caribbean Christianity 97

Christianity in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1900-2050 98

Women in Latin American and Caribbean Christianity: Past and Present 105

Latin American and Caribbean Women in Theology 112

Conclusion 113

6 Women in North American Christianity 117

Christianity in North America, 1900-2050 118

Women in North American Christianity: Past and Present 124

North American Women in Theology 132

Conclusion 134

7 Women in Oceanic Christianity 138

Christianity in Oceania, 1900-2050 139

Women in Oceanic Christianity: Past and Present 145

Oceanic Women in Theology 150

Conclusion 152

Part II Women in World Christianity by Tradition and Movement 157

8 Women in Catholicism 159

Catholics, 1900-2050 160

Women in Catholic History 164

Vignettes: Catholic Women Worldwide 166

Conclusion 176

9 Women in Orthodox Christianity 181

Orthodox, 1900-2050 182

Women in Orthodox History 187

Vignettes: Orthodox Women Worldwide 191

Conclusion 194

10 Women in Protestant Christianity 197

Protestants, 1900-2050 198

Women in Protestant History 202

Vignettes: Protestant Women Worldwide 205

Conclusion 211

11 Women in Independent Christianity 215

Independents, 1900-2050 216

Women in Independent Christian History 220

Vignettes: Independent Women Worldwide 223

Conclusion 228

12 Women in Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity 231

Pentecostals/Charismatics, 1900-2050 232

Women in Pentecostal/Charismatic History 237

Vignettes: Pentecostal/Charismatic Women Worldwide 239

Conclusion 245

13 Women in Evangelicalism 248

Evangelicals, 1900-2050 249

Women in Evangelical History 254

Vignettes: Evangelical Women Worldwide 256

Conclusion 259

Part III Women in World Christianity by Select Topics 263

14 Christianity and Gender-based Violence 265

Gender-based Violence and Discrimination Worldwide 266

Christianity and Gender-based Violence 268

Christian Responses to Gender-based Violence 272

Conclusion 279

15 Christian Women and Ecology 284

Global Ecological Challenges 285

Gendered Impacts of Ecological Challenges 286

Christian Responses to Ecological Challenges 287

Conclusion 295

16 Christian Women and Theological Education 300

Historical Vignette: Women and Theological Education in the United States 301

Women and Theological Education Worldwide Today 302

Conclusion 311

17 Christian Women and Peacebuilding 316

What is Peacebuilding? 317

Christianity and Peace 319

Vignettes: Christian Women in Peacebuilding 320

Conclusion 326

Conclusion 330

Further Research 332

Appendices 334

Glossary 345

Index 352