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Since the dawn of human history, people have exhibited wildly contradictory qualities: good and evil, love and hate, strength and weakness, kindness and cruelty, aggressiveness and pacifism, generosity and greed, courage and cowardice. Experiencing a sense of eternity in our hearts--but at the same time confined to temporal and spatial constraints--we seek to understand ourselves, both individually and as a species. What is our nature? What is this enigma that we call human? Who are we?
In Who Are We?, esteemed author Louis P. Pojman seeks to find answers to these questions by exploring major theories in Western philosophy and religion, along with several traditions in Eastern thought. The most comprehensive work of its kind, the volume opens with chapters on the Hebrew/Christian view of human nature and the contrasting classical Greek theories, outlining a dichotomy between faith and reason that loosely frames the rest of the book. Following chapters cover the medieval view, Hindu and Buddhist perspectives, conservative and liberal theories, Kant's Copernican revolution, Schopenhauer's transcendental idealism, and Karl Marx's theory. Freud's psychoanalytic view, the existentialist perspective, the Darwinian view, and scientific-materialism are also discussed. Pojman concludes with a discussion of the question of free will, ultimately asserting that each one of us must decide for ourselves who and what we are, and, based on that answer, how we shall live.
In Who Are We?, esteemed author Louis P. Pojman seeks to find answers to these questions by exploring major theories in Western philosophy and religion, along with several traditions in Eastern thought. The most comprehensive work of its kind, the volume opens with chapters on the Hebrew/Christian view of human nature and the contrasting classical Greek theories, outlining a dichotomy between faith and reason that loosely frames the rest of the book. Following chapters cover the medieval view, Hindu and Buddhist perspectives, conservative and liberal theories, Kant's Copernican revolution, Schopenhauer's transcendental idealism, and Karl Marx's theory. Freud's psychoanalytic view, the existentialist perspective, the Darwinian view, and scientific-materialism are also discussed. Pojman concludes with a discussion of the question of free will, ultimately asserting that each one of us must decide for ourselves who and what we are, and, based on that answer, how we shall live.
Since the dawn of human history, people have exhibited wildly contradictory qualities: good and evil, love and hate, strength and weakness, kindness and cruelty, aggressiveness and pacifism, generosity and greed, courage and cowardice. Experiencing a sense of eternity in our hearts--but at the same time confined to temporal and spatial constraints--we seek to understand ourselves, both individually and as a species. What is our nature? What is this enigma that we call human? Who are we?
In Who Are We?, esteemed author Louis P. Pojman seeks to find answers to these questions by exploring major theories in Western philosophy and religion, along with several traditions in Eastern thought. The most comprehensive work of its kind, the volume opens with chapters on the Hebrew/Christian view of human nature and the contrasting classical Greek theories, outlining a dichotomy between faith and reason that loosely frames the rest of the book. Following chapters cover the medieval view, Hindu and Buddhist perspectives, conservative and liberal theories, Kant's Copernican revolution, Schopenhauer's transcendental idealism, and Karl Marx's theory. Freud's psychoanalytic view, the existentialist perspective, the Darwinian view, and scientific-materialism are also discussed. Pojman concludes with a discussion of the question of free will, ultimately asserting that each one of us must decide for ourselves who and what we are, and, based on that answer, how we shall live.
In Who Are We?, esteemed author Louis P. Pojman seeks to find answers to these questions by exploring major theories in Western philosophy and religion, along with several traditions in Eastern thought. The most comprehensive work of its kind, the volume opens with chapters on the Hebrew/Christian view of human nature and the contrasting classical Greek theories, outlining a dichotomy between faith and reason that loosely frames the rest of the book. Following chapters cover the medieval view, Hindu and Buddhist perspectives, conservative and liberal theories, Kant's Copernican revolution, Schopenhauer's transcendental idealism, and Karl Marx's theory. Freud's psychoanalytic view, the existentialist perspective, the Darwinian view, and scientific-materialism are also discussed. Pojman concludes with a discussion of the question of free will, ultimately asserting that each one of us must decide for ourselves who and what we are, and, based on that answer, how we shall live.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Introduction
1. The Biblical View of Human Nature: Judaism and Christianity
The Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)
The Concept of Human Nature
Rules for Living the Successful Life
The Prophets' Message
The New Testament
Christ and the Concept of Human Nature
Jesus' Radical Message: Humanity is Made to Love
Paul's Vision of Human Nature
Justice and Responsibility
2. The Greek Views of Human Nature: The Sophists and Socrates
The Rise of The Sophists
The Sophist Creed
Socrates's Simple Moralist View of Human Nature
Socrates' Moral Philosophy: Virtue is Knowledge
3. Plato's View of Human Nature
The Theory of Forms
Plato's Theory of Recollection and A Priori Knowledge
The Ascent to Knowledge
Justice and Human Nature
The Allegory of the Cave and the Meaning of Life
4. Aristotle's View of Human Nature
Introduction
Plato and Aristotle
Nature of Ethics
A Political Person
The Functionalist Account of Human Nature
What Is the Good Life?
The Ideal Type of Human
5. Augustine's View of Human Nature
Augustine's Life and Early Thought
Evil and the Free Will Defense
Augustine's Doctrine of Love as the Element of Religion and Ethics
The Doctrine of the Great Chain of Being
6. The Hindu and Buddhist Views of Human Nature
Hinduism
History and Main Ideas
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Theory of Human Nature
Morality, Dharma, and the Caste System
Bhagavad Gita
Conclusion to Hinduism
Buddhism
Life
Buddha's Teachings
The Four Noble Truths
Conclusion
7. Conservative and Liberal Theories of Human Nature: Hobbes and Rousseau
Thomas Hobbes: A Conservative View of Human Nature
Introduction
Hobbes's Account of Human Nature: Man the Machine
Hobbes's Account of Morality: The State of Nature
Conclusion
Jean Jacques Rousseau: A Liberal Theory of Human Nature
Introduction
Human Nature is Good
The Social Contract
The Noble Savage and Emile
Conclusion
8. Kant's Copernican Revolution
The Kantian Epistemic Revolution
Kant's Moral Theory: The Categorical Imperative
Kant's Transcendental Apperception: The Elusive Self
Freedom of the Will
On God and Immortality
9. Schopenhauer's Transcendental Idealism
Introduction
The World as Idea
The Will to Live
Salvation from the Sufferings of Existence
Morality
Schopenhauer, Sex, and Psychoanalysis
Conclusion and Summary
10. Karl Marx's Theory of Human Nature
Introduction
Ten Marxist Theses
11. Freud's Psychoanalytic View of Human Nature
Introduction
The Trinity of Personality
Sexuality
Consciousness and The Unconscious
Religion
Civilization and its Discontents
12. The Existentialist View of Human Nature (Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Sartre)
Introduction
Three Theses of Existentialism
Existence Precedes Essence
The Absurdity of Existence
Freedom
13. The Darwinian View of Human Nature (including E. O. Wilson's Sociobiology)
Introduction: The Shaking of the Foundations
Darwinian Evolution
Evolution and Evil
Social Darwinism and Sociobiology
Evolution and Ethics
14. Human Nature in Contemporary Philosophy of Mind (Dennett, Rorty, Searle, Chalmers and Churchland)
Dualistic Interactionism
The Classical Dualist Theory
A Critique of Dualistic Interactionism
Materialism
Functionalism and Biological Naturalism
Dualism Revisited
15. A Paradox of Human Nature: Are We Free?
Free Will and Determinism
Libertarianism
Metaphysical Compatibilism
1. The Biblical View of Human Nature: Judaism and Christianity
The Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)
The Concept of Human Nature
Rules for Living the Successful Life
The Prophets' Message
The New Testament
Christ and the Concept of Human Nature
Jesus' Radical Message: Humanity is Made to Love
Paul's Vision of Human Nature
Justice and Responsibility
2. The Greek Views of Human Nature: The Sophists and Socrates
The Rise of The Sophists
The Sophist Creed
Socrates's Simple Moralist View of Human Nature
Socrates' Moral Philosophy: Virtue is Knowledge
3. Plato's View of Human Nature
The Theory of Forms
Plato's Theory of Recollection and A Priori Knowledge
The Ascent to Knowledge
Justice and Human Nature
The Allegory of the Cave and the Meaning of Life
4. Aristotle's View of Human Nature
Introduction
Plato and Aristotle
Nature of Ethics
A Political Person
The Functionalist Account of Human Nature
What Is the Good Life?
The Ideal Type of Human
5. Augustine's View of Human Nature
Augustine's Life and Early Thought
Evil and the Free Will Defense
Augustine's Doctrine of Love as the Element of Religion and Ethics
The Doctrine of the Great Chain of Being
6. The Hindu and Buddhist Views of Human Nature
Hinduism
History and Main Ideas
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Theory of Human Nature
Morality, Dharma, and the Caste System
Bhagavad Gita
Conclusion to Hinduism
Buddhism
Life
Buddha's Teachings
The Four Noble Truths
Conclusion
7. Conservative and Liberal Theories of Human Nature: Hobbes and Rousseau
Thomas Hobbes: A Conservative View of Human Nature
Introduction
Hobbes's Account of Human Nature: Man the Machine
Hobbes's Account of Morality: The State of Nature
Conclusion
Jean Jacques Rousseau: A Liberal Theory of Human Nature
Introduction
Human Nature is Good
The Social Contract
The Noble Savage and Emile
Conclusion
8. Kant's Copernican Revolution
The Kantian Epistemic Revolution
Kant's Moral Theory: The Categorical Imperative
Kant's Transcendental Apperception: The Elusive Self
Freedom of the Will
On God and Immortality
9. Schopenhauer's Transcendental Idealism
Introduction
The World as Idea
The Will to Live
Salvation from the Sufferings of Existence
Morality
Schopenhauer, Sex, and Psychoanalysis
Conclusion and Summary
10. Karl Marx's Theory of Human Nature
Introduction
Ten Marxist Theses
11. Freud's Psychoanalytic View of Human Nature
Introduction
The Trinity of Personality
Sexuality
Consciousness and The Unconscious
Religion
Civilization and its Discontents
12. The Existentialist View of Human Nature (Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Sartre)
Introduction
Three Theses of Existentialism
Existence Precedes Essence
The Absurdity of Existence
Freedom
13. The Darwinian View of Human Nature (including E. O. Wilson's Sociobiology)
Introduction: The Shaking of the Foundations
Darwinian Evolution
Evolution and Evil
Social Darwinism and Sociobiology
Evolution and Ethics
14. Human Nature in Contemporary Philosophy of Mind (Dennett, Rorty, Searle, Chalmers and Churchland)
Dualistic Interactionism
The Classical Dualist Theory
A Critique of Dualistic Interactionism
Materialism
Functionalism and Biological Naturalism
Dualism Revisited
15. A Paradox of Human Nature: Are We Free?
Free Will and Determinism
Libertarianism
Metaphysical Compatibilism
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2005 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Allgemeines |
| Genre: | Importe, Philosophie |
| Jahrhundert: | Antike |
| Rubrik: | Geisteswissenschaften |
| Thema: | Lexika |
| Medium: | Taschenbuch |
| ISBN-13: | 9780195179279 |
| ISBN-10: | 0195179277 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Kartoniert / Broschiert |
| Autor: | Pojman, Louis P. |
| Hersteller: | Oxford University Press |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Libri GmbH, Europaallee 1, D-36244 Bad Hersfeld, gpsr@libri.de |
| Maße: | 234 x 156 x 17 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Louis P. Pojman |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 01.07.2005 |
| Gewicht: | 0,488 kg |
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