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The new edition of this celebrated anthology surveys the Western philosophical tradition from its origins in ancient Greece to the work of today's leading philosophers
Western Philosophy: An Anthology provides an authoritative guided tour through the great tradition of Western philosophical thought. The seminal writings of the great philosophers along with more recent readings of contemporary interest are explored in 144 substantial and carefully chosen extracts, each preceded by a lucid introduction, guiding readers through the history of a diverse range of key arguments, and explaining how important theories fit into the unfolding story of Western philosophical inquiry. Broad in scope, the anthology covers all the main branches of philosophy: theory of knowledge and metaphysics, logic and language, philosophy of mind, the self and freedom, religion and science, moral philosophy, political theory, aesthetics, and the meaning of life, all in self-contained parts which can be worked on by students and instructors independently.
The third edition of the Anthology contains newly incorporated classic texts from thinkers such as Aquinas, Machiavelli, Descartes, William James, and Wittgenstein. Each of the 144 individual extracts is now followed by sample questions focusing on the key philosophical problems raised by the excerpt, and accompanied by detailed further reading suggestions that include up-to-date links to online resources. Also new to this edition is an introductory essay written by John Cottingham, which offers advice to students on how to read and write about a philosophical text.
Part of the Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies series, Western Philosophy: An Anthology, Third Edition remains an indispensable collection of classic source materials and expert insights for both beginning and advanced university students in a wide range of philosophy courses.
Western Philosophy: An Anthology provides an authoritative guided tour through the great tradition of Western philosophical thought. The seminal writings of the great philosophers along with more recent readings of contemporary interest are explored in 144 substantial and carefully chosen extracts, each preceded by a lucid introduction, guiding readers through the history of a diverse range of key arguments, and explaining how important theories fit into the unfolding story of Western philosophical inquiry. Broad in scope, the anthology covers all the main branches of philosophy: theory of knowledge and metaphysics, logic and language, philosophy of mind, the self and freedom, religion and science, moral philosophy, political theory, aesthetics, and the meaning of life, all in self-contained parts which can be worked on by students and instructors independently.
The third edition of the Anthology contains newly incorporated classic texts from thinkers such as Aquinas, Machiavelli, Descartes, William James, and Wittgenstein. Each of the 144 individual extracts is now followed by sample questions focusing on the key philosophical problems raised by the excerpt, and accompanied by detailed further reading suggestions that include up-to-date links to online resources. Also new to this edition is an introductory essay written by John Cottingham, which offers advice to students on how to read and write about a philosophical text.
Part of the Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies series, Western Philosophy: An Anthology, Third Edition remains an indispensable collection of classic source materials and expert insights for both beginning and advanced university students in a wide range of philosophy courses.
The new edition of this celebrated anthology surveys the Western philosophical tradition from its origins in ancient Greece to the work of today's leading philosophers
Western Philosophy: An Anthology provides an authoritative guided tour through the great tradition of Western philosophical thought. The seminal writings of the great philosophers along with more recent readings of contemporary interest are explored in 144 substantial and carefully chosen extracts, each preceded by a lucid introduction, guiding readers through the history of a diverse range of key arguments, and explaining how important theories fit into the unfolding story of Western philosophical inquiry. Broad in scope, the anthology covers all the main branches of philosophy: theory of knowledge and metaphysics, logic and language, philosophy of mind, the self and freedom, religion and science, moral philosophy, political theory, aesthetics, and the meaning of life, all in self-contained parts which can be worked on by students and instructors independently.
The third edition of the Anthology contains newly incorporated classic texts from thinkers such as Aquinas, Machiavelli, Descartes, William James, and Wittgenstein. Each of the 144 individual extracts is now followed by sample questions focusing on the key philosophical problems raised by the excerpt, and accompanied by detailed further reading suggestions that include up-to-date links to online resources. Also new to this edition is an introductory essay written by John Cottingham, which offers advice to students on how to read and write about a philosophical text.
Part of the Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies series, Western Philosophy: An Anthology, Third Edition remains an indispensable collection of classic source materials and expert insights for both beginning and advanced university students in a wide range of philosophy courses.
Western Philosophy: An Anthology provides an authoritative guided tour through the great tradition of Western philosophical thought. The seminal writings of the great philosophers along with more recent readings of contemporary interest are explored in 144 substantial and carefully chosen extracts, each preceded by a lucid introduction, guiding readers through the history of a diverse range of key arguments, and explaining how important theories fit into the unfolding story of Western philosophical inquiry. Broad in scope, the anthology covers all the main branches of philosophy: theory of knowledge and metaphysics, logic and language, philosophy of mind, the self and freedom, religion and science, moral philosophy, political theory, aesthetics, and the meaning of life, all in self-contained parts which can be worked on by students and instructors independently.
The third edition of the Anthology contains newly incorporated classic texts from thinkers such as Aquinas, Machiavelli, Descartes, William James, and Wittgenstein. Each of the 144 individual extracts is now followed by sample questions focusing on the key philosophical problems raised by the excerpt, and accompanied by detailed further reading suggestions that include up-to-date links to online resources. Also new to this edition is an introductory essay written by John Cottingham, which offers advice to students on how to read and write about a philosophical text.
Part of the Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies series, Western Philosophy: An Anthology, Third Edition remains an indispensable collection of classic source materials and expert insights for both beginning and advanced university students in a wide range of philosophy courses.
Über den Autor
JOHN COTTINGHAM is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Reading, and an Honorary Fellow of St John's College, Oxford University. He is the author of numerous books including Descartes, The Rationalists, On the Meaning of Life, and In Search of the Soul. He is co-translator of The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, and has published numerous articles on the history of philosophy, moral philosophy, and the philosophy of religion. Professor Cottingham is former Chairman of the British Society for the History of Philosophy and President of the British Society for the Philosophy of Religion, and was for many years editor of Ratio, the international journal of analytic philosophy.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xxi
Guidance for Readers and Format of the Volume xxviii
Introductory Essay: How to Read a Philosophical Text and How to Write about It xxxi
Part I Knowledge and Certainty 1
1 Innate Knowledge
Plato, Meno 3
2 Knowledge versus Opinion
Plato, Republic 12
3 Demonstrative Knowledge and Its Starting points
Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 19
4 New Foundations for Knowledge
René Descartes, Meditations 22
5 The Senses as the Basis of Knowledge
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 28
6 Innate Knowledge Defended
Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding 34
7 Scepticism versus Human Nature
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 39
8 Experience and Understanding
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason 44
9 From Sense-certainty to Self-consciousness
Georg Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit 48
10 Beliefs Judged by Their Practical Effects
William James, What Pragmatism Means 54
11 Against Scepticism
G. E. Moore, A Defence of Common Sense 61
12 Does Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation?
Wilfrid Sellars, The Myth of the Given 68
Part II Being and Reality 74
1 The Allegory of the Cave
Plato, Republic 76
2 Individual Substance
Aristotle, Categories 83
3 Supreme Being and Created Things
René Descartes, Principles of Philosophy 87
4 Qualities and Ideas
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 94
5 Substance, Life and Activity
Gottfried Leibniz, New System 99
6 Nothing Outside the Mind
George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge 105
7 The Limits of Metaphysical Speculation
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 111
8 Metaphysics, Old and New
Immanuel Kant, Prolegomena 117
9 Reality as Flux
Alfred Whitehead, Process and Reality, and Science and the Modern World 125
10 Being and Involvement
Martin Heidegger, Being and Time 131
11 The End of Metaphysics?
Rudolf Carnap, The Elimination of Metaphysics 138
12 The Problem of Ontology
W. V. O. Quine, On What There is 144
Part III Language and Meaning 150
1 The Meanings of Words
Plato, Cratylus 152
2 Language and Its Acquisition
Augustine, Confessions 160
3 Thought, Language and Its Components
William of Ockham, Writings on Logic 162
4 Language, Reason and Animal Utterance
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method 166
5 Abstract General Ideas
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 169
6 Particular Ideas and General Meaning
George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge 173
7 Denotation versus Connotation
John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic 178
8 Names and Their Meaning
Gottlob Frege, Sense and Reference 183
9 Definite and Indefinite Descriptions
Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 188
10 Meaning and Use
Ludwig Wittgenstein, The Blue and Brown Books 194
11 Non-descriptive Uses of Language
J. L. Austin, Performative Utterances 202
12 How the Reference of Terms is Fixed
Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity 207
Part IV Mind and Body 214
1 The Immortal Soul
Plato, Phaedo 216
2 Soul and Body, Form and Matter
Aristotle, De Anima 223
3 The Human Soul
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 228
4 The Non-material Mind or Soul and Its Relation to the Body
René Descartes, Discourse and Meditations 236
5 The Identity of Mind and Body
Benedict Spinoza, Ethics 242
6 Mind-Body Correlations
Nicolas Malebranche, Dialogues on Metaphysics 246
7 Body and Mind as Manifestations of Will
Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea 252
8 The Problem of Other Minds
John Stuart Mill, An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy 257
9 The Hallmarks of Mental Phenomena
Franz Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint 263
10 The Myth of the 'Ghost in the Machine'
Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind 270
11 Mental States as Functional States
Hilary Putnam, Psychological Predicates 275
12 The Subjective Dimension of Consciousness
Thomas Nagel, What is it Like to be a Bat? 283
Part V The Self and Freedom 290
(a) The Self
1 The Self and Consciousness
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 292
2 The Self as Primitive Concept
Joseph Butler, Of Personal Identity 298
3 The Self as Bundle
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature 303
4 The Partly Hidden Self
Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis 309
5 Liberation from the Self
Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons 315
6 Selfhood and Narrative Understanding
Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self 322
(b) Freedom
7 Human Freedom and Divine Providence
Augustine, The City of God 328
8 Freedom to Do What We Want
Thomas Hobbes, Liberty, Necessity and Chance 333
9 Free Will as the Power of Rational Agency
Thomas Reid, Essays on the Active Powers of Man 339
10 Absolute Determinism
Pierre-Simon de Laplace, Philosophical Essay on Probability 346
11 Condemned to Be Free
Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness 349
12 Freedom, Responsibility and the Ability to Do Otherwise
Harry G. Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility 355
Part VI God and Religion 363
1 God Cannot Be Thought Not to Exist
Anselm of Canterbury, Proslogion 365
2 The Five Proofs of God
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 368
3 God as Source of My Idea of the Infinite
René Descartes, Meditations 372
4 God's Existence Derived from His Nature or Essence
René Descartes, Meditations 378
5 The Wager
Blaise Pascal, Pensées 382
6 The Problem of Evil
Gottfried Leibniz, Theodicy 386
7 The Argument from Design
David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 392
8 Against Miracles
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 398
9 Faith and Subjectivity
Søren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript 405
10 Reason, Passion and the Religious Hypothesis
William James, The Will to Believe 412
11 The Meaning of Religious Language
John Wisdom, Gods 418
12 Many Paths to the Same Ultimate Reality?
John Hick, Problems of Religious Pluralism 425
Part VII Science and Method 432
1 Four Types of Explanation
Aristotle, Physics 434
2 Experimental Methods and True Causes
Francis Bacon, Novum Organum 437
3 Mathematical Science and the Control of Nature
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method 444
4 The Limits of Scientific Explanation
George Berkeley, On Motion 450
5 The Problem of Induction
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 456
6 The Relation Between Cause and Effect
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 462
7 Causality and our Experience of Events
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason 468
8 The Uniformity of Nature
John Stuart Mill, System of Logic 473
9 Science and Falsifiability
Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations 479
10 How Explaining Works
Carl G. Hempel, Explanation in Science and History 486
11 Scientific Realism Versus Instrumentalism
Grover Maxwell, The Ontological Status of Theoretical Entities 496
12 Change and Crisis in Science
Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 503
Part VIII Morality and the Good Life 510
1 Morality and Happiness
Plato, Republic 512
2 Ethical Virtue
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 518
3 Morality and Natural Law
Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 522
4 Virtue, Reason and the Passions
Benedict Spinoza, Ethics 528
5 Human Feeling as the Source of Ethics
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals 533
6 Duty and Reason as the Ultimate Principle
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals 540
7 Happiness as the Foundation of Morality
John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism 546
8 Utility and Common-sense Morality
Henry Sidgwick, Methods of Ethics 552
9 Against Conventional Morality
Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil 559
10 Duty and Intuition
W. D. Ross, The Right and the Good 565
11 Ethics as Rooted in History and Culture
Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue 571
12 Could Ethics Be Objective?
Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy 577
Part IX Problems in Ethics 583
1 Inequality, Freedom and Slavery
Aristotle, Politics 585
2 War and Justice
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 590
3 Taking One's Own Life
David Hume, On Suicide 593
4 Gender, Liberty and Equality
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women 599
5 Partiality and Favouritism
William Godwin, Enquiry Concerning Political Justice 604
6 The Status of Non-human Animals
Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics 608
7 The Purpose of Punishment
Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation 611
8 Our Relationship to the Environment
Aldo Leopold, The Land Ethic 618
9 Abortion and Rights
Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion, and Patrick Lee & Robert P. George, The Wrong of Abortion 624
10 The Relief of Global Suffering
Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence and Morality 632
11 Medical Ethics and the Termination of Life
James Rachels, Active and Passive Euthanasia 638
12 Cloning, Sexual Reproduction and Genetic Engineering
Leon R. Kass, The Wisdom of Repugnance 644
Part X Authority and the State 654
1 Our Obligation to Respect the Laws of the State
Plato, Crito 656
2 The Just Ruler
Thomas Aquinas, On Princely Government 661
3 Power and Control
Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince 665
4 Sovereignty and Security
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 672
5 Consent and Political Obligation
John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government 678
6 Against Contractarianism
David Hume, Of the Original Contract 684
7 Society and the Individual
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract 690
8 The Unified State - From Individual Desire to Rational Self-determination
Georg Hegel, The Philosophy of Right 697
9 Property, Labour and Alienation
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology 703
10 The Limits of Majority Rule
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty 710
11 Rational Choice and Fairness
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice 716
12 The Minimal State
Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia 723
Part XI Beauty and Art 731
1 Art and Imitation
Plato, Republic 733
2 The Nature and Function of Dramatic Art
Aristotle,...
Acknowledgements xxi
Guidance for Readers and Format of the Volume xxviii
Introductory Essay: How to Read a Philosophical Text and How to Write about It xxxi
Part I Knowledge and Certainty 1
1 Innate Knowledge
Plato, Meno 3
2 Knowledge versus Opinion
Plato, Republic 12
3 Demonstrative Knowledge and Its Starting points
Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 19
4 New Foundations for Knowledge
René Descartes, Meditations 22
5 The Senses as the Basis of Knowledge
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 28
6 Innate Knowledge Defended
Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding 34
7 Scepticism versus Human Nature
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 39
8 Experience and Understanding
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason 44
9 From Sense-certainty to Self-consciousness
Georg Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit 48
10 Beliefs Judged by Their Practical Effects
William James, What Pragmatism Means 54
11 Against Scepticism
G. E. Moore, A Defence of Common Sense 61
12 Does Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation?
Wilfrid Sellars, The Myth of the Given 68
Part II Being and Reality 74
1 The Allegory of the Cave
Plato, Republic 76
2 Individual Substance
Aristotle, Categories 83
3 Supreme Being and Created Things
René Descartes, Principles of Philosophy 87
4 Qualities and Ideas
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 94
5 Substance, Life and Activity
Gottfried Leibniz, New System 99
6 Nothing Outside the Mind
George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge 105
7 The Limits of Metaphysical Speculation
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 111
8 Metaphysics, Old and New
Immanuel Kant, Prolegomena 117
9 Reality as Flux
Alfred Whitehead, Process and Reality, and Science and the Modern World 125
10 Being and Involvement
Martin Heidegger, Being and Time 131
11 The End of Metaphysics?
Rudolf Carnap, The Elimination of Metaphysics 138
12 The Problem of Ontology
W. V. O. Quine, On What There is 144
Part III Language and Meaning 150
1 The Meanings of Words
Plato, Cratylus 152
2 Language and Its Acquisition
Augustine, Confessions 160
3 Thought, Language and Its Components
William of Ockham, Writings on Logic 162
4 Language, Reason and Animal Utterance
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method 166
5 Abstract General Ideas
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 169
6 Particular Ideas and General Meaning
George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge 173
7 Denotation versus Connotation
John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic 178
8 Names and Their Meaning
Gottlob Frege, Sense and Reference 183
9 Definite and Indefinite Descriptions
Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 188
10 Meaning and Use
Ludwig Wittgenstein, The Blue and Brown Books 194
11 Non-descriptive Uses of Language
J. L. Austin, Performative Utterances 202
12 How the Reference of Terms is Fixed
Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity 207
Part IV Mind and Body 214
1 The Immortal Soul
Plato, Phaedo 216
2 Soul and Body, Form and Matter
Aristotle, De Anima 223
3 The Human Soul
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 228
4 The Non-material Mind or Soul and Its Relation to the Body
René Descartes, Discourse and Meditations 236
5 The Identity of Mind and Body
Benedict Spinoza, Ethics 242
6 Mind-Body Correlations
Nicolas Malebranche, Dialogues on Metaphysics 246
7 Body and Mind as Manifestations of Will
Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea 252
8 The Problem of Other Minds
John Stuart Mill, An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy 257
9 The Hallmarks of Mental Phenomena
Franz Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint 263
10 The Myth of the 'Ghost in the Machine'
Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind 270
11 Mental States as Functional States
Hilary Putnam, Psychological Predicates 275
12 The Subjective Dimension of Consciousness
Thomas Nagel, What is it Like to be a Bat? 283
Part V The Self and Freedom 290
(a) The Self
1 The Self and Consciousness
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 292
2 The Self as Primitive Concept
Joseph Butler, Of Personal Identity 298
3 The Self as Bundle
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature 303
4 The Partly Hidden Self
Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis 309
5 Liberation from the Self
Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons 315
6 Selfhood and Narrative Understanding
Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self 322
(b) Freedom
7 Human Freedom and Divine Providence
Augustine, The City of God 328
8 Freedom to Do What We Want
Thomas Hobbes, Liberty, Necessity and Chance 333
9 Free Will as the Power of Rational Agency
Thomas Reid, Essays on the Active Powers of Man 339
10 Absolute Determinism
Pierre-Simon de Laplace, Philosophical Essay on Probability 346
11 Condemned to Be Free
Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness 349
12 Freedom, Responsibility and the Ability to Do Otherwise
Harry G. Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility 355
Part VI God and Religion 363
1 God Cannot Be Thought Not to Exist
Anselm of Canterbury, Proslogion 365
2 The Five Proofs of God
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 368
3 God as Source of My Idea of the Infinite
René Descartes, Meditations 372
4 God's Existence Derived from His Nature or Essence
René Descartes, Meditations 378
5 The Wager
Blaise Pascal, Pensées 382
6 The Problem of Evil
Gottfried Leibniz, Theodicy 386
7 The Argument from Design
David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 392
8 Against Miracles
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 398
9 Faith and Subjectivity
Søren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript 405
10 Reason, Passion and the Religious Hypothesis
William James, The Will to Believe 412
11 The Meaning of Religious Language
John Wisdom, Gods 418
12 Many Paths to the Same Ultimate Reality?
John Hick, Problems of Religious Pluralism 425
Part VII Science and Method 432
1 Four Types of Explanation
Aristotle, Physics 434
2 Experimental Methods and True Causes
Francis Bacon, Novum Organum 437
3 Mathematical Science and the Control of Nature
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method 444
4 The Limits of Scientific Explanation
George Berkeley, On Motion 450
5 The Problem of Induction
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 456
6 The Relation Between Cause and Effect
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 462
7 Causality and our Experience of Events
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason 468
8 The Uniformity of Nature
John Stuart Mill, System of Logic 473
9 Science and Falsifiability
Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations 479
10 How Explaining Works
Carl G. Hempel, Explanation in Science and History 486
11 Scientific Realism Versus Instrumentalism
Grover Maxwell, The Ontological Status of Theoretical Entities 496
12 Change and Crisis in Science
Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 503
Part VIII Morality and the Good Life 510
1 Morality and Happiness
Plato, Republic 512
2 Ethical Virtue
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 518
3 Morality and Natural Law
Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 522
4 Virtue, Reason and the Passions
Benedict Spinoza, Ethics 528
5 Human Feeling as the Source of Ethics
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals 533
6 Duty and Reason as the Ultimate Principle
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals 540
7 Happiness as the Foundation of Morality
John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism 546
8 Utility and Common-sense Morality
Henry Sidgwick, Methods of Ethics 552
9 Against Conventional Morality
Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil 559
10 Duty and Intuition
W. D. Ross, The Right and the Good 565
11 Ethics as Rooted in History and Culture
Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue 571
12 Could Ethics Be Objective?
Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy 577
Part IX Problems in Ethics 583
1 Inequality, Freedom and Slavery
Aristotle, Politics 585
2 War and Justice
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 590
3 Taking One's Own Life
David Hume, On Suicide 593
4 Gender, Liberty and Equality
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women 599
5 Partiality and Favouritism
William Godwin, Enquiry Concerning Political Justice 604
6 The Status of Non-human Animals
Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics 608
7 The Purpose of Punishment
Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation 611
8 Our Relationship to the Environment
Aldo Leopold, The Land Ethic 618
9 Abortion and Rights
Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion, and Patrick Lee & Robert P. George, The Wrong of Abortion 624
10 The Relief of Global Suffering
Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence and Morality 632
11 Medical Ethics and the Termination of Life
James Rachels, Active and Passive Euthanasia 638
12 Cloning, Sexual Reproduction and Genetic Engineering
Leon R. Kass, The Wisdom of Repugnance 644
Part X Authority and the State 654
1 Our Obligation to Respect the Laws of the State
Plato, Crito 656
2 The Just Ruler
Thomas Aquinas, On Princely Government 661
3 Power and Control
Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince 665
4 Sovereignty and Security
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 672
5 Consent and Political Obligation
John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government 678
6 Against Contractarianism
David Hume, Of the Original Contract 684
7 Society and the Individual
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract 690
8 The Unified State - From Individual Desire to Rational Self-determination
Georg Hegel, The Philosophy of Right 697
9 Property, Labour and Alienation
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology 703
10 The Limits of Majority Rule
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty 710
11 Rational Choice and Fairness
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice 716
12 The Minimal State
Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia 723
Part XI Beauty and Art 731
1 Art and Imitation
Plato, Republic 733
2 The Nature and Function of Dramatic Art
Aristotle,...
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2021 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Allgemeines |
| Genre: | Philosophie |
| Jahrhundert: | Antike |
| Rubrik: | Geisteswissenschaften |
| Thema: | Lexika |
| Medium: | Taschenbuch |
| Seiten: | 944 |
| Inhalt: | 944 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119165729 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119165725 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1A119165720 |
| Einband: | Kartoniert / Broschiert |
| Redaktion: | Cottingham, John G. |
| Herausgeber: | John G Cottingham |
| Hersteller: | John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
| Maße: | 244 x 169 x 49 mm |
| Von/Mit: | John G. Cottingham |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 13.05.2021 |
| Gewicht: | 1,618 kg |
Über den Autor
JOHN COTTINGHAM is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Reading, and an Honorary Fellow of St John's College, Oxford University. He is the author of numerous books including Descartes, The Rationalists, On the Meaning of Life, and In Search of the Soul. He is co-translator of The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, and has published numerous articles on the history of philosophy, moral philosophy, and the philosophy of religion. Professor Cottingham is former Chairman of the British Society for the History of Philosophy and President of the British Society for the Philosophy of Religion, and was for many years editor of Ratio, the international journal of analytic philosophy.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xxi
Guidance for Readers and Format of the Volume xxviii
Introductory Essay: How to Read a Philosophical Text and How to Write about It xxxi
Part I Knowledge and Certainty 1
1 Innate Knowledge
Plato, Meno 3
2 Knowledge versus Opinion
Plato, Republic 12
3 Demonstrative Knowledge and Its Starting points
Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 19
4 New Foundations for Knowledge
René Descartes, Meditations 22
5 The Senses as the Basis of Knowledge
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 28
6 Innate Knowledge Defended
Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding 34
7 Scepticism versus Human Nature
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 39
8 Experience and Understanding
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason 44
9 From Sense-certainty to Self-consciousness
Georg Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit 48
10 Beliefs Judged by Their Practical Effects
William James, What Pragmatism Means 54
11 Against Scepticism
G. E. Moore, A Defence of Common Sense 61
12 Does Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation?
Wilfrid Sellars, The Myth of the Given 68
Part II Being and Reality 74
1 The Allegory of the Cave
Plato, Republic 76
2 Individual Substance
Aristotle, Categories 83
3 Supreme Being and Created Things
René Descartes, Principles of Philosophy 87
4 Qualities and Ideas
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 94
5 Substance, Life and Activity
Gottfried Leibniz, New System 99
6 Nothing Outside the Mind
George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge 105
7 The Limits of Metaphysical Speculation
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 111
8 Metaphysics, Old and New
Immanuel Kant, Prolegomena 117
9 Reality as Flux
Alfred Whitehead, Process and Reality, and Science and the Modern World 125
10 Being and Involvement
Martin Heidegger, Being and Time 131
11 The End of Metaphysics?
Rudolf Carnap, The Elimination of Metaphysics 138
12 The Problem of Ontology
W. V. O. Quine, On What There is 144
Part III Language and Meaning 150
1 The Meanings of Words
Plato, Cratylus 152
2 Language and Its Acquisition
Augustine, Confessions 160
3 Thought, Language and Its Components
William of Ockham, Writings on Logic 162
4 Language, Reason and Animal Utterance
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method 166
5 Abstract General Ideas
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 169
6 Particular Ideas and General Meaning
George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge 173
7 Denotation versus Connotation
John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic 178
8 Names and Their Meaning
Gottlob Frege, Sense and Reference 183
9 Definite and Indefinite Descriptions
Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 188
10 Meaning and Use
Ludwig Wittgenstein, The Blue and Brown Books 194
11 Non-descriptive Uses of Language
J. L. Austin, Performative Utterances 202
12 How the Reference of Terms is Fixed
Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity 207
Part IV Mind and Body 214
1 The Immortal Soul
Plato, Phaedo 216
2 Soul and Body, Form and Matter
Aristotle, De Anima 223
3 The Human Soul
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 228
4 The Non-material Mind or Soul and Its Relation to the Body
René Descartes, Discourse and Meditations 236
5 The Identity of Mind and Body
Benedict Spinoza, Ethics 242
6 Mind-Body Correlations
Nicolas Malebranche, Dialogues on Metaphysics 246
7 Body and Mind as Manifestations of Will
Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea 252
8 The Problem of Other Minds
John Stuart Mill, An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy 257
9 The Hallmarks of Mental Phenomena
Franz Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint 263
10 The Myth of the 'Ghost in the Machine'
Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind 270
11 Mental States as Functional States
Hilary Putnam, Psychological Predicates 275
12 The Subjective Dimension of Consciousness
Thomas Nagel, What is it Like to be a Bat? 283
Part V The Self and Freedom 290
(a) The Self
1 The Self and Consciousness
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 292
2 The Self as Primitive Concept
Joseph Butler, Of Personal Identity 298
3 The Self as Bundle
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature 303
4 The Partly Hidden Self
Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis 309
5 Liberation from the Self
Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons 315
6 Selfhood and Narrative Understanding
Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self 322
(b) Freedom
7 Human Freedom and Divine Providence
Augustine, The City of God 328
8 Freedom to Do What We Want
Thomas Hobbes, Liberty, Necessity and Chance 333
9 Free Will as the Power of Rational Agency
Thomas Reid, Essays on the Active Powers of Man 339
10 Absolute Determinism
Pierre-Simon de Laplace, Philosophical Essay on Probability 346
11 Condemned to Be Free
Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness 349
12 Freedom, Responsibility and the Ability to Do Otherwise
Harry G. Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility 355
Part VI God and Religion 363
1 God Cannot Be Thought Not to Exist
Anselm of Canterbury, Proslogion 365
2 The Five Proofs of God
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 368
3 God as Source of My Idea of the Infinite
René Descartes, Meditations 372
4 God's Existence Derived from His Nature or Essence
René Descartes, Meditations 378
5 The Wager
Blaise Pascal, Pensées 382
6 The Problem of Evil
Gottfried Leibniz, Theodicy 386
7 The Argument from Design
David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 392
8 Against Miracles
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 398
9 Faith and Subjectivity
Søren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript 405
10 Reason, Passion and the Religious Hypothesis
William James, The Will to Believe 412
11 The Meaning of Religious Language
John Wisdom, Gods 418
12 Many Paths to the Same Ultimate Reality?
John Hick, Problems of Religious Pluralism 425
Part VII Science and Method 432
1 Four Types of Explanation
Aristotle, Physics 434
2 Experimental Methods and True Causes
Francis Bacon, Novum Organum 437
3 Mathematical Science and the Control of Nature
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method 444
4 The Limits of Scientific Explanation
George Berkeley, On Motion 450
5 The Problem of Induction
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 456
6 The Relation Between Cause and Effect
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 462
7 Causality and our Experience of Events
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason 468
8 The Uniformity of Nature
John Stuart Mill, System of Logic 473
9 Science and Falsifiability
Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations 479
10 How Explaining Works
Carl G. Hempel, Explanation in Science and History 486
11 Scientific Realism Versus Instrumentalism
Grover Maxwell, The Ontological Status of Theoretical Entities 496
12 Change and Crisis in Science
Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 503
Part VIII Morality and the Good Life 510
1 Morality and Happiness
Plato, Republic 512
2 Ethical Virtue
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 518
3 Morality and Natural Law
Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 522
4 Virtue, Reason and the Passions
Benedict Spinoza, Ethics 528
5 Human Feeling as the Source of Ethics
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals 533
6 Duty and Reason as the Ultimate Principle
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals 540
7 Happiness as the Foundation of Morality
John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism 546
8 Utility and Common-sense Morality
Henry Sidgwick, Methods of Ethics 552
9 Against Conventional Morality
Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil 559
10 Duty and Intuition
W. D. Ross, The Right and the Good 565
11 Ethics as Rooted in History and Culture
Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue 571
12 Could Ethics Be Objective?
Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy 577
Part IX Problems in Ethics 583
1 Inequality, Freedom and Slavery
Aristotle, Politics 585
2 War and Justice
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 590
3 Taking One's Own Life
David Hume, On Suicide 593
4 Gender, Liberty and Equality
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women 599
5 Partiality and Favouritism
William Godwin, Enquiry Concerning Political Justice 604
6 The Status of Non-human Animals
Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics 608
7 The Purpose of Punishment
Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation 611
8 Our Relationship to the Environment
Aldo Leopold, The Land Ethic 618
9 Abortion and Rights
Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion, and Patrick Lee & Robert P. George, The Wrong of Abortion 624
10 The Relief of Global Suffering
Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence and Morality 632
11 Medical Ethics and the Termination of Life
James Rachels, Active and Passive Euthanasia 638
12 Cloning, Sexual Reproduction and Genetic Engineering
Leon R. Kass, The Wisdom of Repugnance 644
Part X Authority and the State 654
1 Our Obligation to Respect the Laws of the State
Plato, Crito 656
2 The Just Ruler
Thomas Aquinas, On Princely Government 661
3 Power and Control
Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince 665
4 Sovereignty and Security
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 672
5 Consent and Political Obligation
John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government 678
6 Against Contractarianism
David Hume, Of the Original Contract 684
7 Society and the Individual
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract 690
8 The Unified State - From Individual Desire to Rational Self-determination
Georg Hegel, The Philosophy of Right 697
9 Property, Labour and Alienation
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology 703
10 The Limits of Majority Rule
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty 710
11 Rational Choice and Fairness
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice 716
12 The Minimal State
Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia 723
Part XI Beauty and Art 731
1 Art and Imitation
Plato, Republic 733
2 The Nature and Function of Dramatic Art
Aristotle,...
Acknowledgements xxi
Guidance for Readers and Format of the Volume xxviii
Introductory Essay: How to Read a Philosophical Text and How to Write about It xxxi
Part I Knowledge and Certainty 1
1 Innate Knowledge
Plato, Meno 3
2 Knowledge versus Opinion
Plato, Republic 12
3 Demonstrative Knowledge and Its Starting points
Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 19
4 New Foundations for Knowledge
René Descartes, Meditations 22
5 The Senses as the Basis of Knowledge
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 28
6 Innate Knowledge Defended
Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding 34
7 Scepticism versus Human Nature
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 39
8 Experience and Understanding
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason 44
9 From Sense-certainty to Self-consciousness
Georg Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit 48
10 Beliefs Judged by Their Practical Effects
William James, What Pragmatism Means 54
11 Against Scepticism
G. E. Moore, A Defence of Common Sense 61
12 Does Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation?
Wilfrid Sellars, The Myth of the Given 68
Part II Being and Reality 74
1 The Allegory of the Cave
Plato, Republic 76
2 Individual Substance
Aristotle, Categories 83
3 Supreme Being and Created Things
René Descartes, Principles of Philosophy 87
4 Qualities and Ideas
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 94
5 Substance, Life and Activity
Gottfried Leibniz, New System 99
6 Nothing Outside the Mind
George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge 105
7 The Limits of Metaphysical Speculation
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 111
8 Metaphysics, Old and New
Immanuel Kant, Prolegomena 117
9 Reality as Flux
Alfred Whitehead, Process and Reality, and Science and the Modern World 125
10 Being and Involvement
Martin Heidegger, Being and Time 131
11 The End of Metaphysics?
Rudolf Carnap, The Elimination of Metaphysics 138
12 The Problem of Ontology
W. V. O. Quine, On What There is 144
Part III Language and Meaning 150
1 The Meanings of Words
Plato, Cratylus 152
2 Language and Its Acquisition
Augustine, Confessions 160
3 Thought, Language and Its Components
William of Ockham, Writings on Logic 162
4 Language, Reason and Animal Utterance
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method 166
5 Abstract General Ideas
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 169
6 Particular Ideas and General Meaning
George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge 173
7 Denotation versus Connotation
John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic 178
8 Names and Their Meaning
Gottlob Frege, Sense and Reference 183
9 Definite and Indefinite Descriptions
Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 188
10 Meaning and Use
Ludwig Wittgenstein, The Blue and Brown Books 194
11 Non-descriptive Uses of Language
J. L. Austin, Performative Utterances 202
12 How the Reference of Terms is Fixed
Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity 207
Part IV Mind and Body 214
1 The Immortal Soul
Plato, Phaedo 216
2 Soul and Body, Form and Matter
Aristotle, De Anima 223
3 The Human Soul
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 228
4 The Non-material Mind or Soul and Its Relation to the Body
René Descartes, Discourse and Meditations 236
5 The Identity of Mind and Body
Benedict Spinoza, Ethics 242
6 Mind-Body Correlations
Nicolas Malebranche, Dialogues on Metaphysics 246
7 Body and Mind as Manifestations of Will
Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea 252
8 The Problem of Other Minds
John Stuart Mill, An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy 257
9 The Hallmarks of Mental Phenomena
Franz Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint 263
10 The Myth of the 'Ghost in the Machine'
Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind 270
11 Mental States as Functional States
Hilary Putnam, Psychological Predicates 275
12 The Subjective Dimension of Consciousness
Thomas Nagel, What is it Like to be a Bat? 283
Part V The Self and Freedom 290
(a) The Self
1 The Self and Consciousness
John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding 292
2 The Self as Primitive Concept
Joseph Butler, Of Personal Identity 298
3 The Self as Bundle
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature 303
4 The Partly Hidden Self
Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis 309
5 Liberation from the Self
Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons 315
6 Selfhood and Narrative Understanding
Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self 322
(b) Freedom
7 Human Freedom and Divine Providence
Augustine, The City of God 328
8 Freedom to Do What We Want
Thomas Hobbes, Liberty, Necessity and Chance 333
9 Free Will as the Power of Rational Agency
Thomas Reid, Essays on the Active Powers of Man 339
10 Absolute Determinism
Pierre-Simon de Laplace, Philosophical Essay on Probability 346
11 Condemned to Be Free
Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness 349
12 Freedom, Responsibility and the Ability to Do Otherwise
Harry G. Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility 355
Part VI God and Religion 363
1 God Cannot Be Thought Not to Exist
Anselm of Canterbury, Proslogion 365
2 The Five Proofs of God
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 368
3 God as Source of My Idea of the Infinite
René Descartes, Meditations 372
4 God's Existence Derived from His Nature or Essence
René Descartes, Meditations 378
5 The Wager
Blaise Pascal, Pensées 382
6 The Problem of Evil
Gottfried Leibniz, Theodicy 386
7 The Argument from Design
David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 392
8 Against Miracles
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 398
9 Faith and Subjectivity
Søren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript 405
10 Reason, Passion and the Religious Hypothesis
William James, The Will to Believe 412
11 The Meaning of Religious Language
John Wisdom, Gods 418
12 Many Paths to the Same Ultimate Reality?
John Hick, Problems of Religious Pluralism 425
Part VII Science and Method 432
1 Four Types of Explanation
Aristotle, Physics 434
2 Experimental Methods and True Causes
Francis Bacon, Novum Organum 437
3 Mathematical Science and the Control of Nature
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method 444
4 The Limits of Scientific Explanation
George Berkeley, On Motion 450
5 The Problem of Induction
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 456
6 The Relation Between Cause and Effect
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 462
7 Causality and our Experience of Events
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason 468
8 The Uniformity of Nature
John Stuart Mill, System of Logic 473
9 Science and Falsifiability
Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations 479
10 How Explaining Works
Carl G. Hempel, Explanation in Science and History 486
11 Scientific Realism Versus Instrumentalism
Grover Maxwell, The Ontological Status of Theoretical Entities 496
12 Change and Crisis in Science
Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 503
Part VIII Morality and the Good Life 510
1 Morality and Happiness
Plato, Republic 512
2 Ethical Virtue
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 518
3 Morality and Natural Law
Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 522
4 Virtue, Reason and the Passions
Benedict Spinoza, Ethics 528
5 Human Feeling as the Source of Ethics
David Hume, Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals 533
6 Duty and Reason as the Ultimate Principle
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals 540
7 Happiness as the Foundation of Morality
John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism 546
8 Utility and Common-sense Morality
Henry Sidgwick, Methods of Ethics 552
9 Against Conventional Morality
Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil 559
10 Duty and Intuition
W. D. Ross, The Right and the Good 565
11 Ethics as Rooted in History and Culture
Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue 571
12 Could Ethics Be Objective?
Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy 577
Part IX Problems in Ethics 583
1 Inequality, Freedom and Slavery
Aristotle, Politics 585
2 War and Justice
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae 590
3 Taking One's Own Life
David Hume, On Suicide 593
4 Gender, Liberty and Equality
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women 599
5 Partiality and Favouritism
William Godwin, Enquiry Concerning Political Justice 604
6 The Status of Non-human Animals
Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics 608
7 The Purpose of Punishment
Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation 611
8 Our Relationship to the Environment
Aldo Leopold, The Land Ethic 618
9 Abortion and Rights
Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion, and Patrick Lee & Robert P. George, The Wrong of Abortion 624
10 The Relief of Global Suffering
Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence and Morality 632
11 Medical Ethics and the Termination of Life
James Rachels, Active and Passive Euthanasia 638
12 Cloning, Sexual Reproduction and Genetic Engineering
Leon R. Kass, The Wisdom of Repugnance 644
Part X Authority and the State 654
1 Our Obligation to Respect the Laws of the State
Plato, Crito 656
2 The Just Ruler
Thomas Aquinas, On Princely Government 661
3 Power and Control
Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince 665
4 Sovereignty and Security
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 672
5 Consent and Political Obligation
John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government 678
6 Against Contractarianism
David Hume, Of the Original Contract 684
7 Society and the Individual
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract 690
8 The Unified State - From Individual Desire to Rational Self-determination
Georg Hegel, The Philosophy of Right 697
9 Property, Labour and Alienation
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology 703
10 The Limits of Majority Rule
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty 710
11 Rational Choice and Fairness
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice 716
12 The Minimal State
Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia 723
Part XI Beauty and Art 731
1 Art and Imitation
Plato, Republic 733
2 The Nature and Function of Dramatic Art
Aristotle,...
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2021 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Allgemeines |
| Genre: | Philosophie |
| Jahrhundert: | Antike |
| Rubrik: | Geisteswissenschaften |
| Thema: | Lexika |
| Medium: | Taschenbuch |
| Seiten: | 944 |
| Inhalt: | 944 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119165729 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119165725 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1A119165720 |
| Einband: | Kartoniert / Broschiert |
| Redaktion: | Cottingham, John G. |
| Herausgeber: | John G Cottingham |
| Hersteller: | John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
| Maße: | 244 x 169 x 49 mm |
| Von/Mit: | John G. Cottingham |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 13.05.2021 |
| Gewicht: | 1,618 kg |
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