Christopher Whyte is an assistant professor in the program on Homeland Security & Emergency Preparedness at the L. Douglas Wilder School of Government & Public Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth University. He is co-editor of Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict (2020) and co-author of Information at War (2022).

Brian M. Mazanec is an adjunct professor in the Defense and Strategic Studies program at Missouri State University and a senior executive with the U.S. government. He is author of The Evolution of Cyber War (2015), co-author of Deterring Cyber Warfare (2014) and co-editor of Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict (2020).

1. Introduction 2. The Technological Foundations of Insecurity in the Digital Age 3. Cyberspace and International Relations 4. Exploit: From Signals Intelligence to Cyber Warriors 5. Attack: From Exploitation to Offensive Cyber Operations 6. Shape: Subvert, Deceive, Poison 7. The Topology and History of Major Cyber Conflict Episodes 8. National Experiences with Cyber-Security: Realization and Institutional Development 9. States at Cyberwar: The Dynamics and National Strategies of Cyber Conflict 10. Cyber Conflict as 'Grey Zone' Conflict 11. Non-State Actors: Terrorism, Subversion and Activism Online 12. Norms, Ethics and International Law for Offensive Cyber Operations 13. Evolution: How the Logics of Cyber Conflict Might Change 14. Revolution: How the Nature of Cyber Conflict Might Change