Preface; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction; Part I. Fossil Evidence and Phylogeny: 2. Theropithecus darti from the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia; 3. Evolution of Theropithecus in the Turkana Basin; 4. Are P. baringensis R. Leakey, 1969, and P. quadratirostris Iwamoto, 1982, species of Papio or Theropithecus?; 5. Theropithecus fossils from Africa and India and the taxonomy of the genus; 6. Theropithecus from Ternifine, Algeria; 7. The phylogeny of Theropithecus; Part II. Biogeography and Evolutionary Biology: 8. Climate change, biogeography and Theropithecus; 9. African terrestrial primates: the comparative evolutionary biology of Theropithecus and the Hominidae; Part III. Anatomy of the Fossil and Living Species of Theropithecus: 10. Allometric aspects of skull morphology in Theropithecus; 11. Evolution of the masticatory apparatus in Theropithecus; 12. Dental microwear and diet in extant and extinct Theropithecus: preliminary analyses; 13. The development and microstructure of the dentition of Theropithecus; 14. Postcranial anatomy of extinct and extant species of Theropithecus; Part IV. Behaviour and Ecology of Living and Fossil Species of Theropithecus: 15. Social organisation of the Gelada; 16. The ecology of Theropithecus gelada; 17. Food digestion and energetic conditions in Theropithecus gelada; 18. Socioecology of the extinct Theropiths: a modelling approach; 19. Ecological energetics and extinction of giant gelada baboons; Appendices; Index.