This book offers a systematic and radical introduction to the Buddhist roots of P¿tañjala-yoga, or the Yoga system of Patañjali. By examining each of 195 aphorisms (s¿tras) of the Yogas¿tra and discussing the Yogabh¿¿ya, it shows that traditional and popular views on P¿tañjala-yoga obscure its true nature. The book argues that Patañjali's Yoga contains elements rooted in both orthodox and heterodox philosophical traditions, including S¿¿khya, Jaina and Buddhist thought.

With a fresh translation and a detailed commentary on the Yogas¿tra, the author unearths how several of the terms, concepts and doctrines in Patañjali's Yoga can be traced to Buddhism, particularly the Abhidharma Buddhism of Vasubandhu and the early Yog¿c¿ra of Asäga. The work presents the Yogas¿tra of Patañjali as a synthesis of two perspectives: the metaphysical perspective of S¿¿khya and the empirical-psychological perspective of Buddhism. Based on a holistic understanding of Yoga, the study explores key themes of the text, such as meditative absorption, means, supernormal powers, isolation, Buddhist conceptions of meditation and the interplay between S¿¿khya and Buddhist approaches to suffering and emancipation. It further highlights several new findings and clarifications on textual interpretation and discrepancies.

An important intervention in Indian and Buddhist philosophy, this book opens up a new way of looking at the Yoga of Patañjali in the light of Buddhism beyond standard approaches and will greatly interest scholars and researchers of Buddhist studies, Yoga studies, Indian philosophy, philosophy in general, literature, religion and comparative studies, Indian and South Asian Studies and the history of ideas.