1: Introduction; Part I: Context; 2: Women and Institutions in Early Modern Europe; 3: Canon, Gender, and Historiography; 4: Method, Genre, and the Scope of Philosophy; Part II: Themes; 5: God, Freedom, and Perfection in Conway, Astell, and du Châtelet; 6: Vitalistic Causation; 7: It's All Alive! Cavendish and Conway against Dualism; 8: Margaret Cavendish, Anne Conway, and Catharine Cockburn on Matter; 9: Skepticism; 10: Ways of Knowing; Part II: Section B: Natural Philosophy; 11: Space and Time; 12: Method and Explanation; 13: Physics and Optics; 14: Women, Medicine, and the Life Sciences; 15: Theories of Perception; Part II: Section C: Moral Philosophy; 16: Early Modern Women and the Metaphysics of Free Will; 17: Friendship as a Means to Freedom; 18: Managing Mockery; 19: Virtue and Moral Obligation; 20: Men, Women, Equality, and Difference; Part II: Section D: Social-Political Philosophy; 21: Autonomy and Marriage; 22: Slavery and Servitude in Seventeenth-Century Feminism; 23: Race and Gender in Early Modern Philosophy; 24: Early Modern European Women and the Philosophy of Education; 25: Critical Perspectives on Religion; 26: Beauty, Gender, and Power from Marinelli to Wollstonecraft; 27: Theories of the State; Part III: Figures; 28: Italian Women Philosophers in the Sixteenth Century; 29: Teresa de Ávila on Self-Knowledge; 30: (Self-)Portraits between Two Gowns; 31: Madeleine de Scudéry; 32: The Unorthodox Margaret Cavendish; 33: Anne Conway; 34: Gabrielle Suchon on Women's Freedom; 35: The Socratic Pedagogy of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz; 36: Mary Astell (1666–1731); 37: Damaris Masham and Catharine Trotter Cockburn; 38: Du Châtelet and the Philosophy of Physics; 39: The Real Consequences of Imaginary Things; 40: Catharine Macaulay's Philosophy and Her Influence on Mary Wollstonecraft; 41: Phillis Wheatley and the Limits of the History of Philosophy; 42: Mary Wollstonecraft; 43: Remorse and Moral Progress in Sophie de Grouchy's Letters on Sympathy; 44: Mary Shepherd (1777–1847); 45: Women and Philosophy in the German Context; Part IV: State of the Field; 46: What Difference? The Renaissance of Women Philosophers