Introduction: Genealogies of Japanese early modernity David L. Howell; Part I. The Character of the Early Modern State: 1. The end of civil war and the formation of the early modern state in Japan Morgan Pitelka; 2. Politics and political thought in the mature early modern state in Japan, 1650-1830 Kiri Paramore; 3. Regional authority during the Tokugawa period David L. Howell; 4. Tokugawa philosophy: a socio-historical introduction Federico Marcon; 5. Foreign relations and coastal defense under the mature Tokugawa regime Robert Hellyer; 6. The Meiji restoration Mark Ravina; Part II. Economy, Environment and Technology: 7. International economy and Japan at the dawn of the early modern era Adam Clulow; 8. The Tokugawa economy: of rulers, producers and consumers Bettina Gramlich-Oka and Komuro Masamichi; 9. The pacific context of Japan's environmental history Brett L. Walker; 10. Scientific communities and the emergence of science in early modern Japan Yulia Frumer; 11. The problem of western knowledge in late Tokugawa Japan Hansun Hsiung; 12. Technology, military reform and warfare in the Tokugawa-Meiji transition D. Colin Jaundrill; Part III. Social Practices and Cultures of Early Modern Japan: 13. Religion in the Tokugawa period Mark Teeuwen; 14. The medical revolution in early modern Japan Susan L. Burns; 15. Flows of people and things in early modern Japan: print culture Laura Nenzi; 16. Labor and migration in Tokugawa Japan: moving people Amy Stanley; 17. The Tokugawa status order Maren Ehlers; 18. On the peripheries of the Japanese archipelago: Ryukyu and Hokkaido David L. Howell; 19. The early modern city in Japan Thomas Gaubatz; 20. Popular movements in early modern Japan: petitions, riots, martyrs Anne Walthall; 21. Civilization and enlightenment in early Meiji Japan Amin Ghadimi.