1. What Is This Feeling That I Have for Myself and for Others? Contemporary Perspectives on Empathy, Compassion, and Self-Compassion, and Their Absence 2. The Brain That Makes Us Concerned for Others: Toward a Neuroscience of Empathy 3. The Brain that Longs to Help Others: The Current Neuroscience of Compassion 4. The Brain That Longs to Help Itself: The Current Neuroscience of Self-Compassion 5. Sometimes I Get So Mad I Could ...: The Neuroscience of Cruelty 6. Reflections of Others and of Self: The Mirror Neuron System's Relationship to Empathy 7. Why does it feel so good to care for others, but only sometimes for myself? 8. Can We Change Our Mind About Caring for Others? The Neuroscience of Systematic Compassion Training 9. Compassion Training from an Early Buddhist Perspective: The Neurological Concomitants of the Brahmaviharas 10. The Language and Structure of Social Cognition: An Integrative Process of Becoming the Other 11. Where Caring for Self and Others' Lives in the Brain, and How it can be Enhanced, and Diminished: Observations on the Neuroscience on Empathy, Compassion, and Self-Compassion