The Little, Brown Handbook, Global Edition

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Beschreibung

I. The Process of Writing

Assessing the Writing Situation
- 1.1 How Writing Happens
- 1.2 The Writing Situation
- 1.3 Audience
- 1.4 Purpose
- 1.5 Subject
- 1.6 Genre and Medium
Discovering and Shaping Ideas
- 2.1 Invention
- 2.2 Thesis
- 2.3 Organization
- Sample Informative Essay
Drafting, Revising, and Editing
- 3.1 First Draft
- Sample First Draft
- 3.2 Revising
- 3.3 Peer Review
- 3.4 Sample Revision
- Sample Revised Draft
- 3.5 Editing
- 3.6 Final Draft
- Sample Final Draft
Writing and Revising Paragraphs
- 4.1 Flow
- 4.2 Unity
- 4.3 Coherence
- 4.4 Development
- 4.5 Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions
Presenting Writing
- 5.1 Academic Writing
- 5.2 Visuals and Media
- 5.3 Writing Online
- Sample Literacy Narrative Blog Post
- 5.4 Oral Presentations
- Sample Presentation Slides
- 5.5 Portfolios

II. Reading and Writing in and out of CollegeWriting in Academic Situations

6.1 Purpose and Audience
6.2 Genre
6.3 Writing with Sources
6.4 Academic Language
6.5 Communication in Academic Settings

Critical Reading and Writing

7.1 Critical Thinking
7.2 Techniques of Critical Reading
7.3 Summarizing
7.4 Critical Response
7.5 Visual Analysis
7.6 Writing a Critical Analysis
7.7 Sample Critical Responses
Sample Critical Analysis of a Text
Sample Critical Analysis of a Visual

Reading Arguments Critically

8.1 The Elements of Argument
8.2 Claims
8.3 Evidence
8.4 Reliability
8.5 Assumptions
8.6 Language and Tone
8.7 Fallacies
8.8 Visual Arguments

Writing an Argument

9.1 Subject
9.2 Thesis, Purpose, and Audience
9.3 Reasoning
9.4 Evidence
9.5 Engaging Readers
9.6 Organizing and Revising
9.7 Sample Argument
Sample Proposal Argument

Taking Essay Exams

10.1 Preparing
10.2 Planning
10.3 Writing
Sample Essay Exam Answer

Public Writing

11.1 Social Media
11.2 Letters and Memos
Sample Business Letter
Sample Memo
11.3 Job Applications
Sample Job Application Letter
Sample Rsums
11.4 Reports and Proposals
Sample Report and Proposal
11.5 Community Service
Sample Social-Media Post

III. Grammatical SentencesUnderstanding Sentence Grammar

12.1 Sentence Basics
12.2 Sentence Patterns
12.3 Single-Word Modifiers
12.4 Word Groups
12.5 Compound Constructions
12.6 Inverted Order
12.7 Sentence Types

Case of Nouns and Pronouns

13.1 Subjective, Objective, and Possessive Cases
13.2 Compound Subjects and Objects
13.3 Common Questions about Case

Verbs

14.1 Verb Forms
14.2 Easily Confused Verb Forms
14.3 Verb Endings
14.4 Helping Verbs
14.5 Verbs with Gerunds and Infinitives
14.6 Verbs with Particles
14.7 Verb Tenses
14.8 Sequence of Tenses
14.9 Subjunctive Mood
14.10 Active and Passive Voice

Agreement

15.1 Subject-Verb Agreement
15.2 Unusual Word Order
15.3 Subjects Joined by Conjunctions
15.4 Indefinite and Relative Pronouns
15.5 Collective and Plural Nouns
15.6 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Adjectives and Adverbs

16.1 Functions of Adjectives and Adverbs
16.2 Comparative and Superlative Forms
16.3 Double Negatives
16.4 Nouns as Modifiers
16.5 Determiners

IV. Clear SentencesSentence Fragments

17.1 Identifying Fragments
17.2 Correcting Fragments
17.3 Common Types of Fragments
17.4 Acceptable Fragments

Comma Splices and Fused Sentences

18.1 Identifying Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
18.2 Correcting Comma Splices and Fused Sentences

Pronoun Reference

19.1 Clear Reference
19.2 Close Reference
19.3 Specific Reference
19.4 Appropriate You, Who, Which, and That

Shifts

20.1 Types of Shifts
20.2 Person and Number
20.3 Tense and Mood
20.4 Subject and Voice
20.5 Direct and Indirect Quotations and Questions

Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers

21.1 Clear Placement
21.2 Limiting Modifiers
21.3 Squinting Modifiers
21.4 Separated Subjects, Verbs, and Objects
21.5 Separated Infinitives and Verb Phrases
21.6 Position of Adverbs
21.7 Order of Adjectives
21.8 Dangling Modifiers

Mixed and Incomplete Sentences

22.1 Mixed Grammar
22.2 Mixed Meaning
22.3 Incomplete Compounds
22.4 Incomplete Comparisons
22.5 Careless Omissions

V. Effective SentencesEmphasizing Ideas

23.1 Subjects and Verbs
23.2 Subject Beginnings and Endings
23.3 Parallel Elements
23.4 Repetition and Separation
23.5 Conciseness

Using Coordination and Subordination

24.1 Coordination
24.2 Subordination
24.3 Connecting Words

Using Parallelism

25.1 Understanding Parallelism
25.2 Equal Elements
25.3 Coherence

Achieving Variety

26.1 Sentence Length and Structure
26.2 Sentence Beginnings
26.3 Word Order

VI. Punctuation

Chart: Commas, Semicolons, Colons, Dashes, and Parentheses

End Punctuation

27.1 Period
27.2 Question Mark
27.3 Exclamation Point

The Comma

28.1 Uses of the Comma
28.2 Main Clauses Linked by Conjunctions
28.3 Introductory Elements
28.4 Nonessential Elements
28.5 Series and Coordinate Adjectives
28.6 Quotations and Other Conventional Uses
28.7 Unnecessary Commas

The Semicolon

29.1 Main Clauses without Coordinating Conjunctions
29.2 Main Clauses with Transitional Words
29.3 Main Clauses That Are Long or Contain Commas
29.4 Items in a Series
29.5 Unnecessary Semicolons

The Apostrophe

30.1 Possession
30.2 Contractions and Abbreviations

Quotation Marks

31.1 Direct Quotations
31.2 Titles of Works
31.3 Words Used in a Special Sense
31.4 With Other Punctuation

Other Punctuation Marks

32.1 Colon
32.2 Dash
32.3 Parentheses
32.4 Brackets
32.5 Ellipsis Mark
32.6 Slash

VII. MechanicsCapitals

33.1 Conventions
33.2 First Word of Sentence
33.3 Titles and Subtitles
33.4 Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives

Italics or Underlining

34.1 Titles of Works
34.2 Foreign Words and for Emphasis

Abbreviations

35.1 Abbreviations in Nontechnical Writing
35.2 Misuses of Abbreviations

Numbers

36.1 Numerals and Words
36.2 Dates and Addresses

VIII. Effective WordsUsing Appropriate Language

37.1 Standard English
37.2 Texting and Electronic Shortcuts
37.3 Slang, Colloquialisms, Regionalisms, and Jargon
37.4 Indirect or Pretentious Writing
37.5 Sexist and Biased Language

Using Exact Language

38.1 Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Spelling Checker
38.2 Denotation and Connotation
38.3 Abstract and Concrete Words
38.4 Idioms
38.5 Figurative Language
38.6 Trite Expressions

Writing Concisely

39.1 Achieving Conciseness
39.2 Subjects and Verbs
39.3 Empty Words and Phrases
39.4 Unnecessary Repetition
39.5 Other Strategies

Spelling and the Hyphen

40.1 Common Spelling Problems
40.2 Spelling Rules
40.3 Spelling Skills
40.4 Hyphenating Words

IX. Research WritingPlanning a Research Project

41.1 The Process of Research Writing
41.2 Research Questions
41.3 Research Strategies
41.4 Working Bibliographies
Sample Annotated Bibliography Entry

Finding Sources

42.1 Search Strategies
42.2 Reference Works
42.3 Books and Periodicals
42.4 Web Search Strategies
42.5 Social Media
42.6 Government Publications
42.7 Visuals and Media
42.8 Primary Research

Working with Sources

43.1 Interacting with Sources
Sample Annotated Source
43.2 Evaluating Sources
43.3 Synthesizing Sources
43.4 Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation
43.5 Integrating Sources

Avoiding Plagiarism

44.1 Defining Plagiarism
44.2 Information You Do Not Need to Cite
44.3 Information You Must Cite
44.4 Documenting Sources
44.5 Copyright and Permissions

Writing the Paper

45.1 Developing a Thesis
45.2 Organizing Your Ideas
45.3 Drafting a Research Paper
45.4 Revising and Editing
45.5 Preparing a Final Draft

Using MLA Documentation and Format

46.1 In-text Citations
46.2 List of Works Cited
46.3 MLA Paper...